1/* 2 * File: drivers/video/bfin-t350mcqb-fb.c 3 * Based on: 4 * Author: Michael Hennerich <hennerich@blackfin.uclinux.org> 5 * 6 * Created: 7 * Description: Blackfin LCD Framebuffer driver 8 * 9 * 10 * Modified: 11 * Copyright 2004-2007 Analog Devices Inc. 12 * 13 * Bugs: Enter bugs at http://blackfin.uclinux.org/ 14 * 15 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify 16 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by 17 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or 18 * (at your option) any later version. 19 * 20 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, 21 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of 22 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the 23 * GNU General Public License for more details. 24 * 25 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License 26 * along with this program; if not, see the file COPYING, or write 27 * to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 28 * 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA 29 */ 30 31#include <linux/module.h> 32#include <linux/kernel.h> 33#include <linux/errno.h> 34#include <linux/string.h> 35#include <linux/gfp.h> 36#include <linux/fb.h> 37#include <linux/init.h> 38#include <linux/types.h> 39#include <linux/interrupt.h> 40#include <linux/device.h> 41#include <linux/backlight.h> 42#include <linux/lcd.h> 43#include <linux/dma-mapping.h> 44#include <linux/platform_device.h> 45 46#include <asm/blackfin.h> 47#include <asm/irq.h> 48#include <asm/dma-mapping.h> 49#include <asm/dma.h> 50#include <asm/portmux.h> 51#include <asm/gptimers.h> 52 53#define NO_BL_SUPPORT 54 55#define LCD_X_RES 320 /* Horizontal Resolution */ 56#define LCD_Y_RES 240 /* Vertical Resolution */ 57#define LCD_BPP 24 /* Bit Per Pixel */ 58 59#define DMA_BUS_SIZE 16 60#define LCD_CLK (12*1000*1000) /* 12MHz */ 61 62#define CLOCKS_PER_PIX 3 63 64 /* 65 * HS and VS timing parameters (all in number of PPI clk ticks) 66 */ 67 68#define U_LINE 1 /* Blanking Lines */ 69 70#define H_ACTPIX (LCD_X_RES * CLOCKS_PER_PIX) /* active horizontal pixel */ 71#define H_PERIOD (408 * CLOCKS_PER_PIX) /* HS period */ 72#define H_PULSE 90 /* HS pulse width */ 73#define H_START 204 /* first valid pixel */ 74 75#define V_LINES (LCD_Y_RES + U_LINE) /* total vertical lines */ 76#define V_PULSE (3 * H_PERIOD) /* VS pulse width (1-5 H_PERIODs) */ 77#define V_PERIOD (H_PERIOD * V_LINES) /* VS period */ 78 79#define ACTIVE_VIDEO_MEM_OFFSET (U_LINE * H_ACTPIX) 80 81#define BFIN_LCD_NBR_PALETTE_ENTRIES 256 82 83#define DRIVER_NAME "bfin-t350mcqb" 84static char driver_name[] = DRIVER_NAME; 85 86struct bfin_t350mcqbfb_info { 87 struct fb_info *fb; 88 struct device *dev; 89 unsigned char *fb_buffer; /* RGB Buffer */ 90 dma_addr_t dma_handle; 91 int lq043_open_cnt; 92 int irq; 93 spinlock_t lock; /* lock */ 94 u32 pseudo_pal[16]; 95}; 96 97static int nocursor; 98module_param(nocursor, int, 0644); 99MODULE_PARM_DESC(nocursor, "cursor enable/disable"); 100 101#define PPI_TX_MODE 0x2 102#define PPI_XFER_TYPE_11 0xC 103#define PPI_PORT_CFG_01 0x10 104#define PPI_PACK_EN 0x80 105#define PPI_POLS_1 0x8000 106 107static void bfin_t350mcqb_config_ppi(struct bfin_t350mcqbfb_info *fbi) 108{ 109 bfin_write_PPI_DELAY(H_START); 110 bfin_write_PPI_COUNT(H_ACTPIX-1); 111 bfin_write_PPI_FRAME(V_LINES); 112 113 bfin_write_PPI_CONTROL(PPI_TX_MODE | /* output mode , PORT_DIR */ 114 PPI_XFER_TYPE_11 | /* sync mode XFR_TYPE */ 115 PPI_PORT_CFG_01 | /* two frame sync PORT_CFG */ 116 PPI_PACK_EN | /* packing enabled PACK_EN */ 117 PPI_POLS_1); /* faling edge syncs POLS */ 118} 119 120static inline void bfin_t350mcqb_disable_ppi(void) 121{ 122 bfin_write_PPI_CONTROL(bfin_read_PPI_CONTROL() & ~PORT_EN); 123} 124 125static inline void bfin_t350mcqb_enable_ppi(void) 126{ 127 bfin_write_PPI_CONTROL(bfin_read_PPI_CONTROL() | PORT_EN); 128} 129 130static void bfin_t350mcqb_start_timers(void) 131{ 132 unsigned long flags; 133 134 local_irq_save(flags); 135 enable_gptimers(TIMER1bit); 136 enable_gptimers(TIMER0bit); 137 local_irq_restore(flags); 138} 139 140static void bfin_t350mcqb_stop_timers(void) 141{ 142 disable_gptimers(TIMER0bit | TIMER1bit); 143 144 set_gptimer_status(0, TIMER_STATUS_TRUN0 | TIMER_STATUS_TRUN1 | 145 TIMER_STATUS_TIMIL0 | TIMER_STATUS_TIMIL1 | 146 TIMER_STATUS_TOVF0 | TIMER_STATUS_TOVF1); 147 148} 149 150static void bfin_t350mcqb_init_timers(void) 151{ 152 153 bfin_t350mcqb_stop_timers(); 154 155 set_gptimer_period(TIMER0_id, H_PERIOD); 156 set_gptimer_pwidth(TIMER0_id, H_PULSE); 157 set_gptimer_config(TIMER0_id, TIMER_MODE_PWM | TIMER_PERIOD_CNT | 158 TIMER_TIN_SEL | TIMER_CLK_SEL| 159 TIMER_EMU_RUN); 160 161 set_gptimer_period(TIMER1_id, V_PERIOD); 162 set_gptimer_pwidth(TIMER1_id, V_PULSE); 163 set_gptimer_config(TIMER1_id, TIMER_MODE_PWM | TIMER_PERIOD_CNT | 164 TIMER_TIN_SEL | TIMER_CLK_SEL | 165 TIMER_EMU_RUN); 166 167} 168 169static void bfin_t350mcqb_config_dma(struct bfin_t350mcqbfb_info *fbi) 170{ 171 172 set_dma_config(CH_PPI, 173 set_bfin_dma_config(DIR_READ, DMA_FLOW_AUTO, 174 INTR_DISABLE, DIMENSION_2D, 175 DATA_SIZE_16, 176 DMA_NOSYNC_KEEP_DMA_BUF)); 177 set_dma_x_count(CH_PPI, (LCD_X_RES * LCD_BPP) / DMA_BUS_SIZE); 178 set_dma_x_modify(CH_PPI, DMA_BUS_SIZE / 8); 179 set_dma_y_count(CH_PPI, V_LINES); 180 181 set_dma_y_modify(CH_PPI, DMA_BUS_SIZE / 8); 182 set_dma_start_addr(CH_PPI, (unsigned long)fbi->fb_buffer); 183 184} 185 186static u16 ppi0_req_8[] = {P_PPI0_CLK, P_PPI0_FS1, P_PPI0_FS2, 187 P_PPI0_D0, P_PPI0_D1, P_PPI0_D2, 188 P_PPI0_D3, P_PPI0_D4, P_PPI0_D5, 189 P_PPI0_D6, P_PPI0_D7, 0}; 190 191static int bfin_t350mcqb_request_ports(int action) 192{ 193 if (action) { 194 if (peripheral_request_list(ppi0_req_8, DRIVER_NAME)) { 195 printk(KERN_ERR "Requesting Peripherals failed\n"); 196 return -EFAULT; 197 } 198 } else 199 peripheral_free_list(ppi0_req_8); 200 201 return 0; 202} 203 204static int bfin_t350mcqb_fb_open(struct fb_info *info, int user) 205{ 206 struct bfin_t350mcqbfb_info *fbi = info->par; 207 208 spin_lock(&fbi->lock); 209 fbi->lq043_open_cnt++; 210 211 if (fbi->lq043_open_cnt <= 1) { 212 213 bfin_t350mcqb_disable_ppi(); 214 SSYNC(); 215 216 bfin_t350mcqb_config_dma(fbi); 217 bfin_t350mcqb_config_ppi(fbi); 218 bfin_t350mcqb_init_timers(); 219 220 /* start dma */ 221 enable_dma(CH_PPI); 222 bfin_t350mcqb_enable_ppi(); 223 bfin_t350mcqb_start_timers(); 224 } 225 226 spin_unlock(&fbi->lock); 227 228 return 0; 229} 230 231static int bfin_t350mcqb_fb_release(struct fb_info *info, int user) 232{ 233 struct bfin_t350mcqbfb_info *fbi = info->par; 234 235 spin_lock(&fbi->lock); 236 237 fbi->lq043_open_cnt--; 238 239 if (fbi->lq043_open_cnt <= 0) { 240 bfin_t350mcqb_disable_ppi(); 241 SSYNC(); 242 disable_dma(CH_PPI); 243 bfin_t350mcqb_stop_timers(); 244 } 245 246 spin_unlock(&fbi->lock); 247 248 return 0; 249} 250 251static int bfin_t350mcqb_fb_check_var(struct fb_var_screeninfo *var, 252 struct fb_info *info) 253{ 254 255 switch (var->bits_per_pixel) { 256 case 24:/* TRUECOLOUR, 16m */ 257 var->red.offset = 0; 258 var->green.offset = 8; 259 var->blue.offset = 16; 260 var->red.length = var->green.length = var->blue.length = 8; 261 var->transp.offset = 0; 262 var->transp.length = 0; 263 var->transp.msb_right = 0; 264 var->red.msb_right = 0; 265 var->green.msb_right = 0; 266 var->blue.msb_right = 0; 267 break; 268 default: 269 pr_debug("%s: depth not supported: %u BPP\n", __func__, 270 var->bits_per_pixel); 271 return -EINVAL; 272 } 273 274 if (info->var.xres != var->xres || info->var.yres != var->yres || 275 info->var.xres_virtual != var->xres_virtual || 276 info->var.yres_virtual != var->yres_virtual) { 277 pr_debug("%s: Resolution not supported: X%u x Y%u \n", 278 __func__, var->xres, var->yres); 279 return -EINVAL; 280 } 281 282 /* 283 * Memory limit 284 */ 285 286 if ((info->fix.line_length * var->yres_virtual) > info->fix.smem_len) { 287 pr_debug("%s: Memory Limit requested yres_virtual = %u\n", 288 __func__, var->yres_virtual); 289 return -ENOMEM; 290 } 291 292 return 0; 293} 294 295int bfin_t350mcqb_fb_cursor(struct fb_info *info, struct fb_cursor *cursor) 296{ 297 if (nocursor) 298 return 0; 299 else 300 return -EINVAL; /* just to force soft_cursor() call */ 301} 302 303static int bfin_t350mcqb_fb_setcolreg(u_int regno, u_int red, u_int green, 304 u_int blue, u_int transp, 305 struct fb_info *info) 306{ 307 if (regno >= BFIN_LCD_NBR_PALETTE_ENTRIES) 308 return -EINVAL; 309 310 if (info->var.grayscale) { 311 /* grayscale = 0.30*R + 0.59*G + 0.11*B */ 312 red = green = blue = (red * 77 + green * 151 + blue * 28) >> 8; 313 } 314 315 if (info->fix.visual == FB_VISUAL_TRUECOLOR) { 316 317 u32 value; 318 /* Place color in the pseudopalette */ 319 if (regno > 16) 320 return -EINVAL; 321 322 red >>= (16 - info->var.red.length); 323 green >>= (16 - info->var.green.length); 324 blue >>= (16 - info->var.blue.length); 325 326 value = (red << info->var.red.offset) | 327 (green << info->var.green.offset) | 328 (blue << info->var.blue.offset); 329 value &= 0xFFFFFF; 330 331 ((u32 *) (info->pseudo_palette))[regno] = value; 332 333 } 334 335 return 0; 336} 337 338static struct fb_ops bfin_t350mcqb_fb_ops = { 339 .owner = THIS_MODULE, 340 .fb_open = bfin_t350mcqb_fb_open, 341 .fb_release = bfin_t350mcqb_fb_release, 342 .fb_check_var = bfin_t350mcqb_fb_check_var, 343 .fb_fillrect = cfb_fillrect, 344 .fb_copyarea = cfb_copyarea, 345 .fb_imageblit = cfb_imageblit, 346 .fb_cursor = bfin_t350mcqb_fb_cursor, 347 .fb_setcolreg = bfin_t350mcqb_fb_setcolreg, 348}; 349 350#ifndef NO_BL_SUPPORT 351static int bl_get_brightness(struct backlight_device *bd) 352{ 353 return 0; 354} 355 356static const struct backlight_ops bfin_lq043fb_bl_ops = { 357 .get_brightness = bl_get_brightness, 358}; 359 360static struct backlight_device *bl_dev; 361 362static int bfin_lcd_get_power(struct lcd_device *dev) 363{ 364 return 0; 365} 366 367static int bfin_lcd_set_power(struct lcd_device *dev, int power) 368{ 369 return 0; 370} 371 372static int bfin_lcd_get_contrast(struct lcd_device *dev) 373{ 374 return 0; 375} 376 377static int bfin_lcd_set_contrast(struct lcd_device *dev, int contrast) 378{ 379 380 return 0; 381} 382 383static int bfin_lcd_check_fb(struct lcd_device *dev, struct fb_info *fi) 384{ 385 if (!fi || (fi == &bfin_t350mcqb_fb)) 386 return 1; 387 return 0; 388} 389 390static struct lcd_ops bfin_lcd_ops = { 391 .get_power = bfin_lcd_get_power, 392 .set_power = bfin_lcd_set_power, 393 .get_contrast = bfin_lcd_get_contrast, 394 .set_contrast = bfin_lcd_set_contrast, 395 .check_fb = bfin_lcd_check_fb, 396}; 397 398static struct lcd_device *lcd_dev; 399#endif 400 401static irqreturn_t bfin_t350mcqb_irq_error(int irq, void *dev_id) 402{ 403 /*struct bfin_t350mcqbfb_info *info = (struct bfin_t350mcqbfb_info *)dev_id;*/ 404 405 u16 status = bfin_read_PPI_STATUS(); 406 bfin_write_PPI_STATUS(0xFFFF); 407 408 if (status) { 409 bfin_t350mcqb_disable_ppi(); 410 disable_dma(CH_PPI); 411 412 /* start dma */ 413 enable_dma(CH_PPI); 414 bfin_t350mcqb_enable_ppi(); 415 bfin_write_PPI_STATUS(0xFFFF); 416 } 417 418 return IRQ_HANDLED; 419} 420 421static int bfin_t350mcqb_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) 422{ 423#ifndef NO_BL_SUPPORT 424 struct backlight_properties props; 425#endif 426 struct bfin_t350mcqbfb_info *info; 427 struct fb_info *fbinfo; 428 int ret; 429 430 printk(KERN_INFO DRIVER_NAME ": %dx%d %d-bit RGB FrameBuffer initializing...\n", 431 LCD_X_RES, LCD_Y_RES, LCD_BPP); 432 433 if (request_dma(CH_PPI, "CH_PPI") < 0) { 434 printk(KERN_ERR DRIVER_NAME 435 ": couldn't request CH_PPI DMA\n"); 436 ret = -EFAULT; 437 goto out1; 438 } 439 440 fbinfo = 441 framebuffer_alloc(sizeof(struct bfin_t350mcqbfb_info), &pdev->dev); 442 if (!fbinfo) { 443 ret = -ENOMEM; 444 goto out2; 445 } 446 447 info = fbinfo->par; 448 info->fb = fbinfo; 449 info->dev = &pdev->dev; 450 spin_lock_init(&info->lock); 451 452 platform_set_drvdata(pdev, fbinfo); 453 454 strcpy(fbinfo->fix.id, driver_name); 455 456 fbinfo->fix.type = FB_TYPE_PACKED_PIXELS; 457 fbinfo->fix.type_aux = 0; 458 fbinfo->fix.xpanstep = 0; 459 fbinfo->fix.ypanstep = 0; 460 fbinfo->fix.ywrapstep = 0; 461 fbinfo->fix.accel = FB_ACCEL_NONE; 462 fbinfo->fix.visual = FB_VISUAL_TRUECOLOR; 463 464 fbinfo->var.nonstd = 0; 465 fbinfo->var.activate = FB_ACTIVATE_NOW; 466 fbinfo->var.height = 53; 467 fbinfo->var.width = 70; 468 fbinfo->var.accel_flags = 0; 469 fbinfo->var.vmode = FB_VMODE_NONINTERLACED; 470 471 fbinfo->var.xres = LCD_X_RES; 472 fbinfo->var.xres_virtual = LCD_X_RES; 473 fbinfo->var.yres = LCD_Y_RES; 474 fbinfo->var.yres_virtual = LCD_Y_RES; 475 fbinfo->var.bits_per_pixel = LCD_BPP; 476 477 fbinfo->var.red.offset = 0; 478 fbinfo->var.green.offset = 8; 479 fbinfo->var.blue.offset = 16; 480 fbinfo->var.transp.offset = 0; 481 fbinfo->var.red.length = 8; 482 fbinfo->var.green.length = 8; 483 fbinfo->var.blue.length = 8; 484 fbinfo->var.transp.length = 0; 485 fbinfo->fix.smem_len = LCD_X_RES * LCD_Y_RES * LCD_BPP / 8; 486 487 fbinfo->fix.line_length = fbinfo->var.xres_virtual * 488 fbinfo->var.bits_per_pixel / 8; 489 490 491 fbinfo->fbops = &bfin_t350mcqb_fb_ops; 492 fbinfo->flags = FBINFO_FLAG_DEFAULT; 493 494 info->fb_buffer = dma_alloc_coherent(NULL, fbinfo->fix.smem_len + 495 ACTIVE_VIDEO_MEM_OFFSET, 496 &info->dma_handle, GFP_KERNEL); 497 498 if (NULL == info->fb_buffer) { 499 printk(KERN_ERR DRIVER_NAME 500 ": couldn't allocate dma buffer.\n"); 501 ret = -ENOMEM; 502 goto out3; 503 } 504 505 fbinfo->screen_base = (void *)info->fb_buffer + ACTIVE_VIDEO_MEM_OFFSET; 506 fbinfo->fix.smem_start = (int)info->fb_buffer + ACTIVE_VIDEO_MEM_OFFSET; 507 508 fbinfo->fbops = &bfin_t350mcqb_fb_ops; 509 510 fbinfo->pseudo_palette = &info->pseudo_pal; 511 512 if (fb_alloc_cmap(&fbinfo->cmap, BFIN_LCD_NBR_PALETTE_ENTRIES, 0) 513 < 0) { 514 printk(KERN_ERR DRIVER_NAME 515 "Fail to allocate colormap (%d entries)\n", 516 BFIN_LCD_NBR_PALETTE_ENTRIES); 517 ret = -EFAULT; 518 goto out4; 519 } 520 521 if (bfin_t350mcqb_request_ports(1)) { 522 printk(KERN_ERR DRIVER_NAME ": couldn't request gpio port.\n"); 523 ret = -EFAULT; 524 goto out6; 525 } 526 527 info->irq = platform_get_irq(pdev, 0); 528 if (info->irq < 0) { 529 ret = -EINVAL; 530 goto out7; 531 } 532 533 ret = request_irq(info->irq, bfin_t350mcqb_irq_error, 0, 534 "PPI ERROR", info); 535 if (ret < 0) { 536 printk(KERN_ERR DRIVER_NAME 537 ": unable to request PPI ERROR IRQ\n"); 538 goto out7; 539 } 540 541 if (register_framebuffer(fbinfo) < 0) { 542 printk(KERN_ERR DRIVER_NAME 543 ": unable to register framebuffer.\n"); 544 ret = -EINVAL; 545 goto out8; 546 } 547#ifndef NO_BL_SUPPORT 548 memset(&props, 0, sizeof(struct backlight_properties)); 549 props.type = BACKLIGHT_RAW; 550 props.max_brightness = 255; 551 bl_dev = backlight_device_register("bf52x-bl", NULL, NULL, 552 &bfin_lq043fb_bl_ops, &props); 553 if (IS_ERR(bl_dev)) { 554 printk(KERN_ERR DRIVER_NAME 555 ": unable to register backlight.\n"); 556 ret = -EINVAL; 557 unregister_framebuffer(fbinfo); 558 goto out8; 559 } 560 561 lcd_dev = lcd_device_register(DRIVER_NAME, NULL, &bfin_lcd_ops); 562 lcd_dev->props.max_contrast = 255, printk(KERN_INFO "Done.\n"); 563#endif 564 565 return 0; 566 567out8: 568 free_irq(info->irq, info); 569out7: 570 bfin_t350mcqb_request_ports(0); 571out6: 572 fb_dealloc_cmap(&fbinfo->cmap); 573out4: 574 dma_free_coherent(NULL, fbinfo->fix.smem_len + ACTIVE_VIDEO_MEM_OFFSET, 575 info->fb_buffer, info->dma_handle); 576out3: 577 framebuffer_release(fbinfo); 578out2: 579 free_dma(CH_PPI); 580out1: 581 582 return ret; 583} 584 585static int bfin_t350mcqb_remove(struct platform_device *pdev) 586{ 587 588 struct fb_info *fbinfo = platform_get_drvdata(pdev); 589 struct bfin_t350mcqbfb_info *info = fbinfo->par; 590 591 unregister_framebuffer(fbinfo); 592 593 free_dma(CH_PPI); 594 free_irq(info->irq, info); 595 596 if (info->fb_buffer != NULL) 597 dma_free_coherent(NULL, fbinfo->fix.smem_len + 598 ACTIVE_VIDEO_MEM_OFFSET, info->fb_buffer, 599 info->dma_handle); 600 601 fb_dealloc_cmap(&fbinfo->cmap); 602 603#ifndef NO_BL_SUPPORT 604 lcd_device_unregister(lcd_dev); 605 backlight_device_unregister(bl_dev); 606#endif 607 608 bfin_t350mcqb_request_ports(0); 609 610 framebuffer_release(fbinfo); 611 612 printk(KERN_INFO DRIVER_NAME ": Unregister LCD driver.\n"); 613 614 return 0; 615} 616 617#ifdef CONFIG_PM 618static int bfin_t350mcqb_suspend(struct platform_device *pdev, pm_message_t state) 619{ 620 struct fb_info *fbinfo = platform_get_drvdata(pdev); 621 struct bfin_t350mcqbfb_info *fbi = fbinfo->par; 622 623 if (fbi->lq043_open_cnt) { 624 bfin_t350mcqb_disable_ppi(); 625 disable_dma(CH_PPI); 626 bfin_t350mcqb_stop_timers(); 627 bfin_write_PPI_STATUS(-1); 628 } 629 630 631 return 0; 632} 633 634static int bfin_t350mcqb_resume(struct platform_device *pdev) 635{ 636 struct fb_info *fbinfo = platform_get_drvdata(pdev); 637 struct bfin_t350mcqbfb_info *fbi = fbinfo->par; 638 639 if (fbi->lq043_open_cnt) { 640 bfin_t350mcqb_config_dma(fbi); 641 bfin_t350mcqb_config_ppi(fbi); 642 bfin_t350mcqb_init_timers(); 643 644 /* start dma */ 645 enable_dma(CH_PPI); 646 bfin_t350mcqb_enable_ppi(); 647 bfin_t350mcqb_start_timers(); 648 } 649 650 return 0; 651} 652#else 653#define bfin_t350mcqb_suspend NULL 654#define bfin_t350mcqb_resume NULL 655#endif 656 657static struct platform_driver bfin_t350mcqb_driver = { 658 .probe = bfin_t350mcqb_probe, 659 .remove = bfin_t350mcqb_remove, 660 .suspend = bfin_t350mcqb_suspend, 661 .resume = bfin_t350mcqb_resume, 662 .driver = { 663 .name = DRIVER_NAME, 664 .owner = THIS_MODULE, 665 }, 666}; 667module_platform_driver(bfin_t350mcqb_driver); 668 669MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Blackfin TFT LCD Driver"); 670MODULE_LICENSE("GPL"); 671