Pida smmalu patas Bhutan

[[Patas bntasan:Flag of Bhutan.svg|thumb|File:Flag of Bhutan.svg-Kwoci  ''Putan.''（不丹國旗 ）|alt=|396x396px]]

= Bhutan（不丹） =
Gaga kska Yacow ka [[Bhutan]], 27 30 N, 90 30 E ka gaga na nniqan.

Kana ka knlbangan na o 38,394 sq km（hangan na o Tg137）

(knlbanga dxgal o 38,394 sq km, knlbangan qsiya o 0 sq km). 

Kana ka sejiqun o niqan 750,125 hiyi. 

Gaga [[Thimphu]] ka pusu alang paru, jiyax 17 idas 12 ka jiyax skrayan klwaan. 

Manu ka dxgal Bhutan ga wada sugan 13.60%  ka dxgal qpahan, 85.50% ka dxgal bbuyu, rahuq dxgal do niqan 0.90% na.

Bukung klwaan ta sayang o kiya ka Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck, pnaah hngkawas2006 idas 12 jiyax 14pnrajing kmlawa klwaan.
[[Patas bntasan:Emblem of Bhutan.svg|thumb|File:Emblem of Bhutan.svg-Kwohwey.(國徽)]]
[[Patas bntasan:Bhutan in its region.svg|thumb|File:Bhutan in its region.svg-Ida nkiya nniqan lnglingay.(自然地理位置)]]
cinkhulan sa knita’ sa brbiru’

== Risu（歷史） ==

* Kngkawas 1616 Kndadax ''Sicang'' ka Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal （Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal，1594～1651）peyyah pskingal biyax qmlahang ''Putan'' cida, dmuwi kndungus bay nniqan ''Putan'', mnnrima na ini baka ka ''Krupay'', qulung bay dhuq tnpusu mniq ''Putan''. ''Shabdrung Ngawang Namgyal'' pa smdhu pnrdingan dxral mi ''minjuku'' mi snhiyan ''Putan'' ''jidayi'' saya.
* Pnluban snhiyan llutuc ''Sicang'' mi ''Putan'' pa pncdhuwan mniq 18 ''sci'' qnlhangan ''Poroting'' ka ''Sicang'' cida. Ana so qlhangan ''seyhu Cingcaw ka'' ''Sicang'', binaw pniqi ckcka knlwanan ''koka'' ka ''Putan'', kiya mi srwanan spduwi nanaq cida qnlhangan na ka ''Sicang''.
* Kngkawas 1772 yahan knnrmux ''Ingkoku.''
* Kngkawas 1865 pkyuxan ''Ingkoku'' ppatas “Pnsdhuwan Sincura” ka ''Putan'', pkyuxan mangal dxral 2000 ''pingfang kungri.''
* Kngkawas 1907, plixan Uyeyn Wangcuke ka bukung Tepu, hiya nanaq wada mbukung, phiyu ''koka Putan'',balay bay u ''koka'' klwanan ''Ingkoku. Alaw ka mniq qnlhangan Ingkoku uka biyax pwaluk koka icil, beytaq dukuricu ka Intu da u,koka klwanan Ingkoku pa wada knpriyux Intu uri da.''
* Kngkawas 1910 idas 1 pbatas “Pnsdhuwan Punaka” ka ''Ingkoku'' mi ''Putan, pskingal pusa kari quri so qpahun mquri nganguc ka Putan pa, kasi ka spuda Ingkoku dmudul pkla.''
* Wada dukuricu ka ''Intu'' da u kngkawas 1949 idas 8 msupu pbatas “Pnsdhuwan ana dhuq knuwan psblayaq mi pkmalu”, pskingal pusa kari quri so qpahun mquri nganguc ka ''Putan'' pa, kasi ka spuda ''Intu'' dmudul pkla.
* Mtnpusu mpdudul ''koka'' ''Putan'' ka ''Intu'' mi niqan biyax na pwaluk quri nganguc, kiya mi snkaun mpcaping mniq cka ''koka'' uri.
* Kngkawas 1971 wada srwanan Intu mi sptmay UN ka Putan, kngkawas 1972 tuspac lutuc bukung Cikmey Sinke Wangcuke ka lmutuc bukung, pllutuc muru pkmalu pnluban quri ''Intu'' dungan.
* Kngkawas 2006, ''Cikmey Sinke Wangcuke'' pa, wada na sbuway laqi niya ka mbukung ''koka''.
* Kngkawas 2007, msupu ''Intu'' pbatas “Pnsdhuwan Pkmalu ka ''Putan'' mi ''Intu''”, snburah quri ''keynpo'' ka ''Putan, kndadax tnpusu bukung uka ngengalan kari mi    knpriyux mbukung psruwa kari sndhu burah keynpo.''
* Kngkawas 2008 idas 3 diyax 24, muwaya balay knhbrawan ''tang'' ka ''seyngkyo, kasi seyngkyo umaw ging komin ingkay, idas 4 mniq sndhuwan niyi phiyu muwaya balay seyhu mnuda seyngkyo, binaw ida bukung koka ka rmabang niqan biyax.''
* Kngkawas 2013, tumndha muda ''seyngkyo'' ka ''Putan'', ''Jenmin Mincu tang'' ka mbiyax, mntxal muda knpriyux tang mpdudul.
[[Patas bntasan:Bhutan CIA WFB 2010 map.png|thumb|File:Bhutan CIA WFB 2010 map.png- Hnigan dxgal ''Putan.''（不丹地圖）]]

== Tiri（地理） ==
[[Patas bntasan:Bhutan-divisions-numbered.png|thumb|File:Bhutan-divisions-numbered.png-Singcengcyuhwa/kmlawa.（行政分區）]]
[[Patas bntasan:Satellite image of Bhutan in April 2002.jpg|thumb|File:Satellite image of Bhutan in April 2002.jpg- Pnsasing kndadax karac baraw.（衛星圖2002年4月）]]
Wa mniq trahuc Asia ka ''Putan, koka ckcka wa mniq ratuc narac mi stabuy narac duwiyaq Simaraya, iril daya mi daya u mslutuc Cyukoku, mquri iril mi tutrahuc mi narac pa muayus Sicin pang Intu mi iril Mengcyara pang mi muayus Arunacyaar pang.''

''Koka'' niyi u ''koka'' wa mniq ckcka duwiyaq, tudaya u tubaraw daya mi trahuq u turuma ka nniqan, karac duwiyaq tudaya u knskuy balay, htngayan huda tnkawas ka lmiqu tudaya, karac tuckcka ayu pa muxul hari kiya, tutrahuc u qqapur bay ka lmiqu, mkduwiyaq truma mi mbrnux pa sshuriq mi mtilux hari ka karac, nniqan na u wa mquri Trahuc ''Asia''. Kana ''koka Putan'' pa wa bungan lmiqu u 72%, rmabang kana Trahuc ''Asia''. Rmabang bay tubaraw duwiyaq pa, wa mniq muayus ''Cyukoku'' mi ''Putan'' duwiyaq ''Kankapnsn, knbaraw na u 7570 meyta.''     

== Singcng-cyuhwa（行政區劃） ==
Kana ''koka Putan'' pa psnaqan iril cyu, ckcka cyu, trahuc cyu mi narac cyu, trahuc cyu mi narac cyu, truma ''singcengcyu'' pa, psnaqan 20 ''cong.''
[[Patas bntasan:Jacaranda bhutan.jpg|thumb|File:Jacaranda bhutan.jpg（位於中央區普那卡的宗堡）]]

== Cngcu（政治） ==
''Putan gikay'' u ''psnaqan koka ingkay'' mi ''kokomin gikay,  kana koka ingkay u niqan 25 hiyi knhbrawan, 20 hiyi knhbrawan u unuwan kndadax seynkyo, msngari da u bukung koka ka pnhiyu psdhu, ngalan ing kana koka ingkay pa, naqah mntumal tang; ging kokomin gikay u malu phyuun ka mntumal tang.''

Sptutuy phiyu ''mpseyngkyo'' ddha ''ingniyi'' pa, kasi ka qulung bay mnnuyas ''daygakusey.''

* Kngkawas 2006 idas 1 diyax 18, bukung ''koka Cikmey Sinke Wangcuke'' pkla kari kngkawas 2008 muwaya muda ''seyngkyo'' kana ''koka'', muru pnwaya ''gikay'' muda umaw burah ''seyhu'', ''mugingkay'' kmlawa koka.

* Kngkawa 2006 idas 12 diyax 14, bukung ''koka Cikmey Sinke Wangcuke wada na sbuway laqi niya Cikmey Kaysaar Namuyeyar  Wangcuke ka mubukung koka.''

Kngkawas 2007 idas 12 diyax 31, muda muwaya tubaraw giying ''seyngkyo'' ka ''Putan'', kndadax 48 hiyi knhbrawan pnusa hangan bbtaqun mi, muda umaw 20 hiyi ''ging'' tubaraw ''gikay''.     

* Kngkawas 2008 idas 3 diyax 24, snturung muwaya knhbaraw ''tang'' muda ''seyngkyo'' ka ndanan ''Putan'', kasi sdurux ''seyngkyo'' ''kokomin ingkay ging, kiya mi spuda pusu pnsdhuwan niyi muda muwaya seyhu mnseyngkyo. Mnhdu seyngkyo da u wada kndadax pnwaya bbukung knpriyux pnwaya keyngpo pnhiyu bbukung. Ana so tnbukung kana koka ka bukung koka, binaw biyax mpqpah u wa sbuway congri mi neyke. Uxay wana smmalu waya ka kokoingkay , qulung niqan pdanan 2/3 ging kokoingkay da u, niqan biyax malu plixun ka bukung koka.'' Ana so niqan biyax malu muda palix bukung ''koka'' ka ''kokoingkay'', binaw pkla ka tnpqita, ida dmuwi kari bay biyax ka bukung ''koka'' niya na. Pkmamu bay pnluban tnsapah bukung ka ''Putan'' ''Heping'' mi ''Fanjung tang'' ka wada mbiyax, 47 ka kana ging pa wada mangal 45, kiya mi so tnsualang ka ''Jnminmincu tang'' u wada ini baka. ''Putan Ryeynhe tang'' u congri brah ''Sangknaytu'' ka mpdudul, to bay qridin bukung ''koka'' ka mnswayi na qridin.
* Kngkawas 2013,  mndha muda ''seyngkyo kokoingkay'' ka ''Putan'', mnuini baka ''seyngkyo'' ka ''Jnminmincu tang'' ka wada mbiyax, kiya mi 47 ka kana balay knhbrawan ''ging'' ''kokominingkay'' pa, wada mangal 32 hiyi ''ging'', mntxal muda knpriyux ngalan mpqlahang ''seyhu''.
* Kngkawas 2018, mnturu muda seyngkyo kokominingkay ka ''Putan'', mnnuini baka ''seyngkyo'' ka ''Putan Ryeynhe tang'' pa wada mbiyax, kiya mi 47 ka kana balay knhbrawan ''ging'' ''kokominingkay'' pa, wada mangal 30 hiyi ''ging'', mndha muda knpriyux ngalan mpqlahang ''seyhu''. 

== Cingci'''''（''經濟）''' ==
[[Patas bntasan:Bhutan Royal Audit Authority.jpg|thumb|File:Bhutan Royal Audit Authority.jpg（王家審計署）]]
Putan u ''koka'' ini hari dayi tnburah qmpah. Kngkawas 2007, nngalan hbangan kingal idas sediq Putan pa pila Amirika 1400（GNP per capita）. Pusu bay nngalan dha hbangan tnnualang ''Putan'' u, sbari dha ''Intu'' ngengalun ''deyngki'' ka qsiya, spuda ''Ryeynhekwo'' kngkawas 2004 patas bntasan pkrana kana sediq tnlangan babaw dxral, 192 ka kana balay knhbrawan ''koka'' pa, wa mniq tu134 ka ''Putan,'' quri so ''keyjay'' u wa mniq thiti hari uri. Binaw saya niyi u alaw ka muda snturung ''cweyncyohwa'', sediq knlangan u prading mari qqiya ''koka'' icil mi mquri ''maci'' thdil k aka sediq, ini ttuku ddiyun sntkuwan dha nanaq ka dsediq mi wada mkala ka cnhdilan napa quri ''keyjay seyhu, maku mkala ka uka qpahun dsediq.'' Btasil u niqan btasil rrulung mi btasil rkuruk…. Kana wa bungan lmiqu u 72%. Niqan bay hangan lmlamu qqhuni mi pphpah, pusu bay qqhuni pa niqan qhuni ''puti, qhuni gomu mi qhuni qulic.''

Pusu bay qpahun ''kungyey'' u qqpahun ttiping quri so pkrana smmalu ddiyun tnsapah kddiyax mi uqun smnluwan, 74% sediq mpqpah u mpqpah qpahun phuma pnwalang mi mtabu tnbuwan mi mhuma qqhuni. Pusu bay nngalan pnhuma pnwalang tnkawas mntxal u payay mi lhngay mi ''mugi''. Biyax qsiya phru ''deyngki'' ka pusu bay nngalan hbangan, ya bay 72% biyax qsiya phru ''deyngki'' ka sbari ''Intu.'' Qpahun ''ryoko'' ka kkingal pusu stmanan pnyahan nngalan hbangan. Cbiyaw han u ini bay ppwaluk quri knluwanan nganguc ka ''Putan'', kngkawas 1974 ka hana smruwa ptmay sediq ''gaykoku'', ''Putan'' saya da u niqan 150 ka ''dayri'' qpahun ''ryoko.''     

Ana so ini hhtur knhbrawan hiyi sediq nganguc miyah rmiwaw, binaw wana nanaq musa rmiwaw qnlhangan ''seyhu'' ka ssaun rmiwaw, 3 hiyi uxay u hmrinas 3 hiyi ka pnspuwan pa, tntaxa hiyi u kasi ka subway 200 pila ''Amirika ka jeyking'', kiya ka ddiyun qmlahang nniqan ida nkiya mi waya rudan cbiyaw. Elu paru u 3000 ''kiro''. Dapa ubal, roba, dapa dmay ka stmanan bay shaqun qqiya. Pusu bay stmanan mbbari stkuwan mi stmanan mpdayaw heytay qmlahang koka ka Intu. Thiti bay kana mtqiri knlangan babaw dxral smruwa pusa treybi mi wangru ka Putan uri.   

== Jncyuan（人權）==
[[Patas bntasan:Lotshampa refugees in Beldangi Camp.jpg|thumb|File:Lotshampa refugees in Beldangi Camp.jpg（1990年代初期被不丹政府驅逐至尼泊爾的洛昌族難民）]]
Kkngkawas1990, seyhu Putan u mnuda quri snburah ''minjoku'', wada dha lwaqun nganguc kana ka ''Rocang joku''(pusu bay u ''Nipoar''), hmrinas knbrawan kana ''koka'' 1/5. So niyi ka ndanan u pdudul sediq ''Rocang'' mpalix pnwaya pusu biyax bukung, phiyu ''seyhu'' pnwaya ''taygi'' ka sngtangan ''seyji.'' Knhbaraw bay ''Rocang joku'' u snrnu ini pntna kari ''seyji'' kiya mi wada qrapun mi lwaqun mi ulkan kana dnuwi ''jaysang.'' Cida, mabang bay mrrudu ka Putan mi kndudul bay mrana uri, kiya mi dmuwi ''Putan anjeyng buday'' muda muruc mi lmiwaq hbaraw bay sediq. Spuda snpuwan ''UN nanminsuusu'', dhuq kngkawas 2008 cida, mnniq iril ''Nipoar''  nniqan mqraqil sediq ka mqraqil sediq Ptan pa hmrinas 107000 knhbrawan hiyi.   

Bsiyaq hari kngkawas mniq nniqn mqraqil sediq cida da u, hbaraw mqraqil sediq pa prading mquri ''Kanada'' mi ''Nowey'' mi ''Ingkoku'' mi ''Awtariya'' mi ''Amirika'' ''dkoka'' niyi muda ''singsey'' hniwan mqraqil sediq, so malu musa thdil quri ''koka'' kiya. Kngkawas 2008 dhuq kngkawas 2012 cida, wada srwanan ''Amirika'' hniwan mqraqil sediq ka 60773 knhbrawan hiyi mqraqi sediq ''Putan''. Alaw ka ini srwani ''seyhu Nipoar'' ka mqraqil sediq ''Putan'' mnniq ''koka'' dha mpsediq ''koka Nipoar'', kiya mi dsediq niyi u wada msediq uka ''meybu koka'' suncahaya, uka biyax hnyuwan mi biyax ''seyngkyo''.   

Kingal dungan  u, wada pusa kari ka ''seyhu Puta''n, pnhyuwan ''tang'' dmqraqil sediq niyi pa to so ini puda waya mi pnsliyan mpqnaqah ndanan kana.Pusa kari ka pnsliyan snbeyhing mita biyax sediq, wada smliq kndusan txtaxa sediq ka ''seyhu Putan, yawkyo kana sediq tnualang, kana ini khbaraw minjoku, kasi ka mlukus lukus knhbrawan minjoku ka mniq nniqan pnspuwan nganguc.'' Mniq ''byo'' mi ''seyhu'' mi sapah pyasan mi nniqan ''seyhu,'' kiya mi pnspuwan mssli u muda sndhu bay uuda pnwaya.     

Saya, seyhu Putan mi dmpciyuk ''seyhu'' u''(pusu na bay u Putan Kyosanto (Maryeymaw)''dndulan biyax pahung lqlic ''Putan )'' ini palix mttdiyal.       

Dmpciyuk seyhu niyi u mnuda pusa kari sbrahun ka pnwaya quri dxral mi pdkaun ka biyax ssnaw mi qqridin mi ''seyji mincu'' dniyi ka ''yawkyo'' dha, binaw wada hrtanan ''seyhu'' mi wada pklanan sa pnsliyan ini puda waya.       

Saya, dmpciyuk seyhu u smatang spuda mtdiyal pspoxun ka pnwaya bukung seyhu Putan.          

==  '''Knhbrawan hiyi sediq（人口）'''==
[[Patas bntasan:Kinder mit Rabenvögel.JPG|thumb|File:Kinder mit Rabenvögel.JPG（街頭兒童）]]
Knhbrawan hiyi sediq Putan u 672,425 (pnspuwan kngkawas 2005 sspu ''keyngsa'' knhbrawan hiyi sediq).

Pntnaun pnsung kana mtqiri knlangan babaw dxral u scuqi tqapur nniqan sediq ''koka'' ka ''Putan'' uri.

''Minjoku'' ''Putan'' u malu psnaqun tturu kluwanan:  

* sediq ''Saarcyawpu,'' sediq tnpusa wa mniq tunarac ''Putan.''    
* sediq ''Krong'', to bay so wa mniq tuiril ''Putan'' kana, dhiya u llutuc tnhdilan ''Cang joku'' 9 ''seyki''. 
* sediq ''Rosamupa'', malu suncahaya sediq ''Rocang'' uri. 19 ''Seyki'' thiti miyah thdil ''Putan.'' ''Rosamupa'' (dungus na u turahuc ''Putan'') u ''minjoku'' pprngaw kari ''Nipoar. ''
Kari ''Cungke'' mi kari ''Ingkoku'' ka kari sduwi ''seyhu'', sediq ''Rocang Nipoar'' u rmngaw kari ''Nipoar''.

Kari ''Cungke'' mi kari ''Cang'' u niqan balay pnluban. 

Kana sediq ''koka'' ''Putan'' u msupu snhiyan kana, snhiyan ''koka'' u ''bukyo'' pniyah ''Cang'', pusu bay kluwanan bukyo u ''Cupakecyupay,'' niqan uri ka 25% ka snhiyan dha u ''Intukyo.'' 

Muwaya balay pnhyuwan byo u kngkawas 637.'' ''

''Sinjya Itukyo pa to wa mniq turahuc Putan, niqan Spopay mi Pisnupay mi Singripay, niqan uri ka byo Intukyo u wa mniq Sinpu.'' 

''Niqan Pnkyo uri ka Putan, binaw hbaraw bay ka wada ddulan Ningmapay bukyo pniyah Cang da.                                                                        ''                                                                                                                                                                      

== Pnyahan pnatas (參考資料) ==
[[Snakun:Toda]]
* [http://www.cia.gov/ CIA]
* [http://www.mofa.gov.tw/default.html 外交部]
* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government List of current heads of state and government]
* https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E4%B8%B9<nowiki/>(參見中文維基百科)