[go: nahoru, domu]
Jump to content

Awo ano a wosiw: Difference between revisions

Ɛfi Wikipedia
Browse history interactively
Nsesa a atwa mu
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
m 5 revisions imported from ak:Awo_ano_a_wosiw
Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.4
 
(2 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Nsaeɛ 1: Nsaeɛ 1:
{{Dialect|}}
{{Dialect|Akuapem}}
{{Infobox interventions
{{Infobox interventions
| name = Awo ano a wosiw
| name = Awo ano a wosiw
Nsaeɛ 13: Nsaeɛ 13:
| MedlinePlus =
| MedlinePlus =
| eMedicine = }}
| eMedicine = }}
'''Awo ano a wosiw''', a wɔsan frɛ no '''contraception''' ne '''awo ho anohyeto''', yɛ akwan anaa nnwinnade a wɔde siw [[nyinsɛn kwan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Definition of Birth control|url=http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=53351|work=MedicineNet|accessdate=9 August 2012}}</ref> Awo anosiw a wɔyɛ ho nhyehyɛe, wɔma ɛwɔ hɔ na wɔde di dwuma yɛ nea wɔfrɛ no [[abusua kɛse ho nhyehyɛe]].<ref name=OED2012>{{cite book|title=Oxford English Dictionary|date=June 2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/19395}}</ref><ref name=WHO-health-topic>{{cite web|last=World Health Organization (WHO)|title=Family planning|url=http://www.who.int/topics/family_planning/en/|work=Health topics|publisher=World Health Organization (WHO)}}</ref> Wɔde akwan a wɔfa so siw awo ano adi dwuma fi tete, nanso akwan a wɔfa so yɛ no kwan pa so bae wɔ [[afeha a ɛto so aduonu]] mu.<ref name=Hopkins2010>{{cite book|last1=Hanson|first1=S.J.|last2=Burke|first2=Anne E.|date=21 December 2010|chapter=Fertility control: contraception, sterilization, and abortion|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Sg5sXyiBvkC&pg=PR232|editor1-last=Hurt|editor1-first=K. Joseph|editor2-last=Guile|editor2-first=Matthew W.|editor3-last=Bienstock|editor3-first=Jessica L.|editor4-last=Fox|editor4-first=Harold E.|editor5-last=Wallach|editor5-first=Edward E.|title=The Johns Hopkins manual of gynecology and obstetrics|edition=4th|location=Philadelphia|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|pages=382–395|isbn=978-1-60547-433-5}}</ref> Aman binom de anohyeto ma anaa wɔnnhyɛ awo anosiw ho nkuran esiane sɛ wɔte nka sɛ enye wɔ abrabɔ, ɔsom anaa amammui mu nti.<ref name=Hopkins2010/>
'''Awo ano a wosiw''', a wɔsan frɛ no '''contraception''' ne '''awo ho anohyeto''', yɛ akwan anaa nnwinnade a wɔde siw [[nyinsɛn kwan]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Definition of Birth control|url=http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=53351|work=MedicineNet|accessdate=9 August 2012|archive-date=6 August 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120806234913/http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=53351|url-status=dead}}</ref> Awo anosiw a wɔyɛ ho nhyehyɛe, wɔma ɛwɔ hɔ na wɔde di dwuma yɛ nea wɔfrɛ no [[abusua kɛse ho nhyehyɛe]].<ref name=OED2012>{{cite book|title=Oxford English Dictionary|date=June 2012|publisher=Oxford University Press|url=http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/19395}}</ref><ref name=WHO-health-topic>{{cite web|last=World Health Organization (WHO)|title=Family planning|url=http://www.who.int/topics/family_planning/en/|work=Health topics|publisher=World Health Organization (WHO)}}</ref> Wɔde akwan a wɔfa so siw awo ano adi dwuma fi tete, nanso akwan a wɔfa so yɛ no kwan pa so bae wɔ [[afeha a ɛto so aduonu]] mu.<ref name=Hopkins2010>{{cite book|last1=Hanson|first1=S.J.|last2=Burke|first2=Anne E.|date=21 December 2010|chapter=Fertility control: contraception, sterilization, and abortion|chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=4Sg5sXyiBvkC&pg=PR232|editor1-last=Hurt|editor1-first=K. Joseph|editor2-last=Guile|editor2-first=Matthew W.|editor3-last=Bienstock|editor3-first=Jessica L.|editor4-last=Fox|editor4-first=Harold E.|editor5-last=Wallach|editor5-first=Edward E.|title=The Johns Hopkins manual of gynecology and obstetrics|edition=4th|location=Philadelphia|publisher=Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins|pages=382–395|isbn=978-1-60547-433-5}}</ref> Aman binom de anohyeto ma anaa wɔnnhyɛ awo anosiw ho nkuran esiane sɛ wɔte nka sɛ enye wɔ abrabɔ, ɔsom anaa amammui mu nti.<ref name=Hopkins2010/>


<!-- Methods -->
<!-- Methods -->
Akwan a etu mpɔn a wɔfa so siw awo ano ne [[Abawo tumi a wɔsɛe no (aduruyɛ)|abawo tumi a wɔsɛe]] denam [[oprehyen]] wɔ mmarima mu ne [[awotwaa no fa bi a wɔkyekyere]] wɔ mmea mu,[[adwinnade a wɔde hyɛ awotwaa mu]] IUD, ne [[awo anosiw afiri a wɔde hyɛ nipaduam|adwinnade a wɔde hyɛ nipaduam siw awo ano]].<!-- <ref name=WHO_FP2011/> --> Nea wɔyɛ wɔ eyi akyi yɛ [[nipaduam nnuru a wɔde siw awo ano|akwan a wɔde nipaduam nnuru di dwuma]] a ebi ne [[topae nnuru a wɔnom|topae a wɔnom]], [[awo anosiw kwan|akwan]], [[ɔbea ase kawa]], ne [[nea wɔde wɔ mpaane|mpaane]].<!-- <ref name=WHO_FP2011/> --> Akwan a entu mpɔn pii bi ne [[nea wɔde siw awode mu nsu ano|awode mu nsu a wosiw ano]] te sɛ [[kɔndɔm]], [[Diaphragm(awo anosiw)|diaphragm ahorow]] ne [[awo anosiw sapɔw|sapɔw ahorow a wɔde siw awo ano]] ne [[abawo ho nkyerɛkyerɛ]].<!-- <ref name=WHO_FP2011/> --> Akwan a entu mpɔn koraa bi ne [[aduru a ekum barima ho nsu]] ne [[barima awode a oyi fi ɔbea de mu|awode a woyi fi ɔfoforo de mu]]a barima no yɛ ansa na[[ne ho aba]].<!-- <ref name=WHO_FP2011/> --> Ɛwom sɛ awo tumi a wɔsɛe tu mpɔn de nanso sɛ obi yɛ a, ɔrentumi nsan nkɔ dedaw mu bio; wɔ akwan ahorow a aka mu no, obi betumi asan akɔ ne dedaw mu ntɛm ara.<ref name=WHO_FP2011>{{cite book|author=World Health Organization Department of Reproductive Health and Research|title=Family planning: A global handbook for providers: Evidence-based guidance developed through worldwide collaboration|year=2011|publisher=WHO and Center for Communication Programs|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=978-0-9788563-7-3|url=http://www.fphandbook.org/sites/default/files/hb_english_2012.pdf|edition=Rev. and Updated}}</ref> [[Nna mu bammɔ]], te sɛ nea wɔde barima anaa [[mmea kɔndɔm]] di dwuma nso betumi asiw [[nna mu yare]] ano.<ref name="pmid22423463">{{cite journal |last1 = Taliaferro | first1 = L. A. |last2 = Sieving | first2 = R. |last3 = Brady | first3 = S. S. |last4 = Bearinger | first4 = L. H. |title = We have the evidence to enhance adolescent sexual and reproductive health--do we have the will? |journal = Adolescent medicine: state of the art reviews |volume = 22 |issue = 3 |pages = 521–543, xii |year = 2011 |pmid = 22423463}}</ref><ref name="pmid22341164">{{cite journal |last1 = Chin | first1 = H. B. |last2 = Sipe | first2 = T. A. |last3 = Elder | first3 = R. |last4 = Mercer | first4 = S. L. |last5 = Chattopadhyay | first5 = S. K. |last6 = Jacob | first6 = V. |last7 = Wethington | first7 = H. R. |last8 = Kirby | first8 = D. |last9 = Elliston | first9 = D. B. |doi = 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.11.006 |title = The Effectiveness of Group-Based Comprehensive Risk-Reduction and Abstinence Education Interventions to Prevent or Reduce the Risk of Adolescent Pregnancy, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Sexually Transmitted Infections |journal = American Journal of Preventive Medicine |volume = 42 |issue = 3 |pages = 272–294 |year = 2012 |pmid = 22341164 |pmc = |url = http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(11)00906-8/abstract}}</ref> [[Nna akyi awo anosiw|Awo a wosiw ano wɔ nna akyi]] betumi asiw awo ano nnafua kakra wɔ nna akyi.<ref name=Gizzo2012>{{cite journal|last=Gizzo|first=S|last2=Fanelli |first2=T |last3=Di Gangi |first3=S |last4=Saccardi |first4=C |last5=Patrelli |first5=TS |last6=Zambon |first6=A |last7=Omar |first7=A |last8=D'Antona |first8=D |last9=Nardelli |first9=GB|title=Nowadays which emergency contraception? Comparison between past and present: latest news in terms of clinical efficacy, side effects and contraindications.|journal=Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology|date=October 2012|volume=28|issue=10|pages=758–63|pmid=22390259|doi=10.3109/09513590.2012.662546}}</ref> Ebinom bu [[nna a wɔmmfa wɔn ho nnhyem|nna mu ayɔnkofa a wonnya]] sɛ ɔkwan a wɔde siw awo ano, nanso [[nanso ɛno nkutoo ho nkyerɛkyerɛ|ɛno nkutoo ho nkyerɛkyerɛ]] betumi ama [[mperewanyinsɛn|mperewa nyinsɛn]] akɔ soro bere a wɔkyerɛkyerɛ ɛno nkutoo a wɔmfa awo anosiw nnuru biara nnka ho no.<ref name="pmid12065267">{{cite journal |author=DiCenso A, Guyatt G, Willan A, Griffith L |title=Interventions to reduce unintended pregnancies among adolescents: systematic review of randomised controlled trials |journal=BMJ |volume=324 |issue=7351|pages=1426 |date=June 2002 |pmid=12065267 |pmc=115855 |doi= 10.1136/bmj.324.7351.1426|url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18923389">{{cite journal |last1 = Duffy | first1 = K. |last2 = Lynch | first2 = D. A. |last3 = Santinelli | first3 = J. |doi = 10.1038/clpt.2008.188 |title = Government Support for Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage Education |journal = Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics |volume = 84 |issue = 6 |pages = 746–748 |year = 2008|pmid = 18923389 |pmc = |url = http://www.nature.com/clpt/journal/v84/n6/full/clpt2008188a.html}}</ref>
Akwan a etu mpɔn a wɔfa so siw awo ano ne [[Abawo tumi a wɔsɛe no (aduruyɛ)|abawo tumi a wɔsɛe]] denam [[oprehyen]] wɔ mmarima mu ne [[awotwaa no fa bi a wɔkyekyere]] wɔ mmea mu,[[adwinnade a wɔde hyɛ awotwaa mu]] IUD, ne [[awo anosiw afiri a wɔde hyɛ nipaduam|adwinnade a wɔde hyɛ nipaduam siw awo ano]].<!-- <ref name=WHO_FP2011/> --> Nea wɔyɛ wɔ eyi akyi yɛ [[nipaduam nnuru a wɔde siw awo ano|akwan a wɔde nipaduam nnuru di dwuma]] a ebi ne [[topae nnuru a wɔnom|topae a wɔnom]], [[awo anosiw kwan|akwan]], [[ɔbea ase kawa]], ne [[nea wɔde wɔ mpaane|mpaane]].<!-- <ref name=WHO_FP2011/> --> Akwan a entu mpɔn pii bi ne [[nea wɔde siw awode mu nsu ano|awode mu nsu a wosiw ano]] te sɛ [[kɔndɔm]], [[Diaphragm(awo anosiw)|diaphragm ahorow]] ne [[awo anosiw sapɔw|sapɔw ahorow a wɔde siw awo ano]] ne [[abawo ho nkyerɛkyerɛ]].<!-- <ref name=WHO_FP2011/> --> Akwan a entu mpɔn koraa bi ne [[aduru a ekum barima ho nsu]] ne [[barima awode a oyi fi ɔbea de mu|awode a woyi fi ɔfoforo de mu]]a barima no yɛ ansa na[[ne ho aba]].<!-- <ref name=WHO_FP2011/> --> Ɛwom sɛ awo tumi a wɔsɛe tu mpɔn de nanso sɛ obi yɛ a, ɔrentumi nsan nkɔ dedaw mu bio; wɔ akwan ahorow a aka mu no, obi betumi asan akɔ ne dedaw mu ntɛm ara.<ref name=WHO_FP2011>{{cite book|author=World Health Organization Department of Reproductive Health and Research|title=Family planning: A global handbook for providers: Evidence-based guidance developed through worldwide collaboration|year=2011|publisher=WHO and Center for Communication Programs|location=Geneva, Switzerland|isbn=978-0-9788563-7-3|url=http://www.fphandbook.org/sites/default/files/hb_english_2012.pdf|edition=Rev. and Updated}}</ref> [[Nna mu bammɔ]], te sɛ nea wɔde barima anaa [[mmea kɔndɔm]] di dwuma nso betumi asiw [[nna mu yare]] ano.<ref name="pmid22423463">{{cite journal |last1 = Taliaferro | first1 = L. A. |last2 = Sieving | first2 = R. |last3 = Brady | first3 = S. S. |last4 = Bearinger | first4 = L. H. |title = We have the evidence to enhance adolescent sexual and reproductive health--do we have the will? |journal = Adolescent medicine: state of the art reviews |volume = 22 |issue = 3 |pages = 521–543, xii |year = 2011 |pmid = 22423463}}</ref><ref name="pmid22341164">{{cite journal |last1 = Chin |first1 = H. B. |last2 = Sipe |first2 = T. A. |last3 = Elder |first3 = R. |last4 = Mercer |first4 = S. L. |last5 = Chattopadhyay |first5 = S. K. |last6 = Jacob |first6 = V. |last7 = Wethington |first7 = H. R. |last8 = Kirby |first8 = D. |last9 = Elliston |first9 = D. B. |doi = 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.11.006 |title = The Effectiveness of Group-Based Comprehensive Risk-Reduction and Abstinence Education Interventions to Prevent or Reduce the Risk of Adolescent Pregnancy, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Sexually Transmitted Infections |journal = American Journal of Preventive Medicine |volume = 42 |issue = 3 |pages = 272–294 |year = 2012 |pmid = 22341164 |pmc = |url = http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(11)00906-8/abstract |access-date = 2017-05-23 |archive-date = 2020-01-02 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200102180246/https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(11)00906-8/abstract |url-status = dead }}</ref> [[Nna akyi awo anosiw|Awo a wosiw ano wɔ nna akyi]] betumi asiw awo ano nnafua kakra wɔ nna akyi.<ref name=Gizzo2012>{{cite journal|last=Gizzo|first=S|last2=Fanelli |first2=T |last3=Di Gangi |first3=S |last4=Saccardi |first4=C |last5=Patrelli |first5=TS |last6=Zambon |first6=A |last7=Omar |first7=A |last8=D'Antona |first8=D |last9=Nardelli |first9=GB|title=Nowadays which emergency contraception? Comparison between past and present: latest news in terms of clinical efficacy, side effects and contraindications.|journal=Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology|date=October 2012|volume=28|issue=10|pages=758–63|pmid=22390259|doi=10.3109/09513590.2012.662546}}</ref> Ebinom bu [[nna a wɔmmfa wɔn ho nnhyem|nna mu ayɔnkofa a wonnya]] sɛ ɔkwan a wɔde siw awo ano, nanso [[nanso ɛno nkutoo ho nkyerɛkyerɛ|ɛno nkutoo ho nkyerɛkyerɛ]] betumi ama [[mperewanyinsɛn|mperewa nyinsɛn]] akɔ soro bere a wɔkyerɛkyerɛ ɛno nkutoo a wɔmfa awo anosiw nnuru biara nnka ho no.<ref name="pmid12065267">{{cite journal |author=DiCenso A, Guyatt G, Willan A, Griffith L |title=Interventions to reduce unintended pregnancies among adolescents: systematic review of randomised controlled trials |journal=BMJ |volume=324 |issue=7351|pages=1426 |date=June 2002 |pmid=12065267 |pmc=115855 |doi= 10.1136/bmj.324.7351.1426|url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid18923389">{{cite journal |last1 = Duffy | first1 = K. |last2 = Lynch | first2 = D. A. |last3 = Santinelli | first3 = J. |doi = 10.1038/clpt.2008.188 |title = Government Support for Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage Education |journal = Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics |volume = 84 |issue = 6 |pages = 746–748 |year = 2008|pmid = 18923389 |pmc = |url = http://www.nature.com/clpt/journal/v84/n6/full/clpt2008188a.html}}</ref>


<!--Special populations -->
<!--Special populations -->
Nsaeɛ 22: Nsaeɛ 22:


<!-- Prevalence and effects -->
<!-- Prevalence and effects -->
Mmea bɛyɛ ɔpepem ahanu aduonu abien a wɔmpɛ sɛ wɔfa afuru a wɔwɔ [[ɔman a wonni bi|aman a wonni bi]] yɛ nea wɔmfa akwan a aba so nsiw awo ano.<ref name="Guttmacher2012">{{cite web|title=Costs and Benefits of Contraceptive Services: Estimates for 2012|url=http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/AIU-2012-estimates.pdf|work=United Nations Population Fund|pages=1|format=pdf|date=June 2012}}</ref><ref name="pmid22784540">{{cite journal |last1 = Carr |first1 = B. |last2 = Gates | first2 = M. F. |last3 = Mitchell | first3 = A. |last4 = Shah | first4 = R.|title = Giving women the power to plan their families |doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60905-2 |journal = The Lancet |volume = 380 |issue = 9837 |pages = 80–82 |year = 2012 |pmid = 22784540 |pmc = |url =http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(12)60905-2/fulltext}}</ref> Awo anosiw wɔ aman a wonni bi mu abrɛ [[mmaatan a wowu|nkwa a wɔhwere wɔ awo mu anaa awo akyi]] bɛyɛ ɔha mu nkyekyem aduanan(bɛyɛ nnipa mpem ahanu aduosɔn a anka wɔbɛhwere wɔn nkwa) na ebesiw ano ɔha mu nkyekyem aduosɔn sɛ wotumi de awo anosiw akwan no ma sɛnea ɛsɛ a.<ref name="pmid22784533">{{cite journal|last=Cleland|first=J|author2=Conde-Agudelo, A |author3=Peterson, H |author4=Ross, J |author5= Tsui, A |title=Contraception and health.|journal=Lancet|date=Jul 14, 2012|volume=380|issue=9837|pages=149–56|pmid=22784533|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60609-6}}</ref><ref name="pmid22784531">{{cite journal|last1 = Ahmed | first1 = S. |last2 = Li | first2 = Q. |last3 = Liu | first3 = L. |last4 = Tsui |first4 = A. O. |title = Maternal deaths averted by contraceptive use: An analysis of 172 countries |doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60478-4 |journal = The Lancet |volume = 380 |issue = 9837 |pages = 111–125|year = 2012 |pmid = 22784531 |pmc = |url =http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(12)60478-4/fulltext}}</ref> Denam awo ntam a wɔma emu twe no, awo anosiw betumi ama mmea awo ayɛ nea ɔhaw nnim na ɛma wɔn mma nso tena nkwa mu.<ref name="pmid22784533"/> Wɔ aman a wonni bi mu no, mmea akatua [[agyapade]],[[nipaduam ahoɔden|wɔn mu duru]], ne wɔn mma sukuukɔ ne wɔn akwanhosan nyinaa yɛ nea anya nkɔanim esiane awo anosiw a wɔyɛ nti.<ref name="pmid22784535">{{cite journal |last1 = Canning | first1 = D. |last2 = Schultz | first2 = T. P. |doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60827-7 |title = The economic consequences of reproductive health and family planning |journal = The Lancet |volume = 380 |issue = 9837 |pages = 165–171 |year = 2012 |pmid = 22784535 |pmc = |url =http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(12)60827-7/fulltext}}</ref> Awo anosiw ma nkɔso wɔ [[sikasɛm mu]] esiane sɛ wonni mma pii a wɔbɛhwɛ wɔn na mmea pii tumi de wɔn ho hyɛ [[nnwuma mu]], na wɔde nneɛma di dwuma kwan pa so.<ref name="pmid22784535" /><ref name="pmid22784542">{{cite journal |last1 = Van Braeckel | first1 = D. |last2 = Temmerman | first2 = M.|last3 = Roelens | first3 = K. |last4 = Degomme | first4 = O. |title = Slowing population growth for wellbeing and development |doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60902-7 |journal = The Lancet |volume = 380|issue = 9837 |pages = 84–85 |year = 2012 |pmid = 22784542 |pmc = |url =http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(12)60902-7/fulltext}}</ref>
Mmea bɛyɛ ɔpepem ahanu aduonu abien a wɔmpɛ sɛ wɔfa afuru a wɔwɔ [[ɔman a wonni bi|aman a wonni bi]] yɛ nea wɔmfa akwan a aba so nsiw awo ano.<ref name="Guttmacher2012">{{cite web|title=Costs and Benefits of Contraceptive Services: Estimates for 2012|url=http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/AIU-2012-estimates.pdf|work=United Nations Population Fund|pages=1|format=pdf|date=June 2012}}</ref><ref name="pmid22784540">{{cite journal |last1 = Carr |first1 = B. |last2 = Gates |first2 = M. F. |last3 = Mitchell |first3 = A. |last4 = Shah |first4 = R. |title = Giving women the power to plan their families |doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60905-2 |journal = The Lancet |volume = 380 |issue = 9837 |pages = 80–82 |year = 2012 |pmid = 22784540 |pmc = |url = http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(12)60905-2/fulltext |access-date = 2017-05-23 |archive-date = 2013-05-10 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130510203702/http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(12)60905-2/fulltext |url-status = dead }}</ref> Awo anosiw wɔ aman a wonni bi mu abrɛ [[mmaatan a wowu|nkwa a wɔhwere wɔ awo mu anaa awo akyi]] bɛyɛ ɔha mu nkyekyem aduanan(bɛyɛ nnipa mpem ahanu aduosɔn a anka wɔbɛhwere wɔn nkwa) na ebesiw ano ɔha mu nkyekyem aduosɔn sɛ wotumi de awo anosiw akwan no ma sɛnea ɛsɛ a.<ref name="pmid22784533">{{cite journal|last=Cleland|first=J|author2=Conde-Agudelo, A |author3=Peterson, H |author4=Ross, J |author5= Tsui, A |title=Contraception and health.|journal=Lancet|date=Jul 14, 2012|volume=380|issue=9837|pages=149–56|pmid=22784533|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60609-6}}</ref><ref name="pmid22784531">{{cite journal |last1 = Ahmed |first1 = S. |last2 = Li |first2 = Q. |last3 = Liu |first3 = L. |last4 = Tsui |first4 = A. O. |title = Maternal deaths averted by contraceptive use: An analysis of 172 countries |doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60478-4 |journal = The Lancet |volume = 380 |issue = 9837 |pages = 111–125 |year = 2012 |pmid = 22784531 |pmc = |url = http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(12)60478-4/fulltext |access-date = 2017-05-23 |archive-date = 2013-05-10 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130510214305/http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(12)60478-4/fulltext |url-status = dead }}</ref> Denam awo ntam a wɔma emu twe no, awo anosiw betumi ama mmea awo ayɛ nea ɔhaw nnim na ɛma wɔn mma nso tena nkwa mu.<ref name="pmid22784533"/> Wɔ aman a wonni bi mu no, mmea akatua [[agyapade]],[[nipaduam ahoɔden|wɔn mu duru]], ne wɔn mma sukuukɔ ne wɔn akwanhosan nyinaa yɛ nea anya nkɔanim esiane awo anosiw a wɔyɛ nti.<ref name="pmid22784535">{{cite journal |last1 = Canning |first1 = D. |last2 = Schultz |first2 = T. P. |doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60827-7 |title = The economic consequences of reproductive health and family planning |journal = The Lancet |volume = 380 |issue = 9837 |pages = 165–171 |year = 2012 |pmid = 22784535 |pmc = |url = http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(12)60827-7/fulltext |access-date = 2017-05-23 |archive-date = 2013-06-02 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130602231028/http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(12)60827-7/fulltext |url-status = dead }}</ref> Awo anosiw ma nkɔso wɔ [[sikasɛm mu]] esiane sɛ wonni mma pii a wɔbɛhwɛ wɔn na mmea pii tumi de wɔn ho hyɛ [[nnwuma mu]], na wɔde nneɛma di dwuma kwan pa so.<ref name="pmid22784535" /><ref name="pmid22784542">{{cite journal |last1 = Van Braeckel |first1 = D. |last2 = Temmerman |first2 = M. |last3 = Roelens |first3 = K. |last4 = Degomme |first4 = O. |title = Slowing population growth for wellbeing and development |doi = 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60902-7 |journal = The Lancet |volume = 380 |issue = 9837 |pages = 84–85 |year = 2012 |pmid = 22784542 |pmc = |url = http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(12)60902-7/fulltext |access-date = 2017-05-23 |archive-date = 2013-05-10 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130510213023/http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(12)60902-7/fulltext |url-status = dead }}</ref>


==Nsεm afoforo==
==Nsεm afoforo==

Nkyerɛmu a ɛba yɛ nkyɛe abiri 07:42, 28 Kotonimma 2023

Wɔakyerɛw nsɛm yi wɔ Akuapem kasa mu

Nhwɛsoɔ:Infobox interventions Awo ano a wosiw, a wɔsan frɛ no contraception ne awo ho anohyeto, yɛ akwan anaa nnwinnade a wɔde siw nyinsɛn kwan.[1] Awo anosiw a wɔyɛ ho nhyehyɛe, wɔma ɛwɔ hɔ na wɔde di dwuma yɛ nea wɔfrɛ no abusua kɛse ho nhyehyɛe.[2][3] Wɔde akwan a wɔfa so siw awo ano adi dwuma fi tete, nanso akwan a wɔfa so yɛ no kwan pa so bae wɔ afeha a ɛto so aduonu mu.[4] Aman binom de anohyeto ma anaa wɔnnhyɛ awo anosiw ho nkuran esiane sɛ wɔte nka sɛ enye wɔ abrabɔ, ɔsom anaa amammui mu nti.[4]

Akwan a etu mpɔn a wɔfa so siw awo ano ne abawo tumi a wɔsɛe denam oprehyen wɔ mmarima mu ne awotwaa no fa bi a wɔkyekyere wɔ mmea mu,adwinnade a wɔde hyɛ awotwaa mu IUD, ne adwinnade a wɔde hyɛ nipaduam siw awo ano. Nea wɔyɛ wɔ eyi akyi yɛ akwan a wɔde nipaduam nnuru di dwuma a ebi ne topae a wɔnom, akwan, ɔbea ase kawa, ne mpaane. Akwan a entu mpɔn pii bi ne awode mu nsu a wosiw ano te sɛ kɔndɔm, diaphragm ahorow ne sapɔw ahorow a wɔde siw awo ano ne abawo ho nkyerɛkyerɛ. Akwan a entu mpɔn koraa bi ne aduru a ekum barima ho nsu ne awode a woyi fi ɔfoforo de mua barima no yɛ ansa nane ho aba. Ɛwom sɛ awo tumi a wɔsɛe tu mpɔn de nanso sɛ obi yɛ a, ɔrentumi nsan nkɔ dedaw mu bio; wɔ akwan ahorow a aka mu no, obi betumi asan akɔ ne dedaw mu ntɛm ara.[5] Nna mu bammɔ, te sɛ nea wɔde barima anaa mmea kɔndɔm di dwuma nso betumi asiw nna mu yare ano.[6][7] Awo a wosiw ano wɔ nna akyi betumi asiw awo ano nnafua kakra wɔ nna akyi.[8] Ebinom bu nna mu ayɔnkofa a wonnya sɛ ɔkwan a wɔde siw awo ano, nanso ɛno nkutoo ho nkyerɛkyerɛ betumi ama mperewa nyinsɛn akɔ soro bere a wɔkyerɛkyerɛ ɛno nkutoo a wɔmfa awo anosiw nnuru biara nnka ho no.[9][10]

Wɔ mmabun a wonnii mfe aduonu mu no, wɔn nyinsɛn nta mmfa nsunsuanso papa mma. Nna ho nkyerɛkyerɛ a ɛkɔ akyiri ne awo anosiw ho nnuru a wɔde ma brɛ nyinsɛn a wɔmpɛ ase wɔ mmabun yi mu.[11][12] Ɛwom sɛ mmabun tumi de awo anosiw kwan biara adi dwuma de nanso[13]nea ɛbɛyɛ adwuma akyɛ a obi betumi asan akɔ dedaw mu te sɛ nea wɔde hyɛ nipaduam, IUD, anaa ɔbea ase kawa yɛ nea edi dwuma yiye de te mperewanyinsɛn so.[12] Bere a ɔbea awo akyi no, sɛ ɛnyɛ nufusu nkutoo na ɔde ma akokoaa no a, obetumi asan anyinsɛn wɔ nnawɔtwe anan kosi asia ntam. Awo anosiw akwan bi wɔ hɔ a wobetumi afi ase wɔ awo akyi pɛɛ, bere a afoforo de ebehia sɛ wɔtwentwɛn so kakra bɛyɛ bosome asia akyi. Wɔ mmea a wɔma nufusu fam no, progestin nkutoo akwan yɛ nea wɔpɛ sen atopae a wɔnom de siw awo ano. Wɔ mmea a wɔadu bra twa mu no, wɔhyɛ nyansa sɛ wɔbɛkɔ so asiw awo ano afe biako bere a wɔatwa bra no akyi.[13]

Mmea bɛyɛ ɔpepem ahanu aduonu abien a wɔmpɛ sɛ wɔfa afuru a wɔwɔ aman a wonni bi yɛ nea wɔmfa akwan a aba so nsiw awo ano.[14][15] Awo anosiw wɔ aman a wonni bi mu abrɛ nkwa a wɔhwere wɔ awo mu anaa awo akyi bɛyɛ ɔha mu nkyekyem aduanan(bɛyɛ nnipa mpem ahanu aduosɔn a anka wɔbɛhwere wɔn nkwa) na ebesiw ano ɔha mu nkyekyem aduosɔn sɛ wotumi de awo anosiw akwan no ma sɛnea ɛsɛ a.[16][17] Denam awo ntam a wɔma emu twe no, awo anosiw betumi ama mmea awo ayɛ nea ɔhaw nnim na ɛma wɔn mma nso tena nkwa mu.[16] Wɔ aman a wonni bi mu no, mmea akatua agyapade,wɔn mu duru, ne wɔn mma sukuukɔ ne wɔn akwanhosan nyinaa yɛ nea anya nkɔanim esiane awo anosiw a wɔyɛ nti.[18] Awo anosiw ma nkɔso wɔ sikasɛm mu esiane sɛ wonni mma pii a wɔbɛhwɛ wɔn na mmea pii tumi de wɔn ho hyɛ nnwuma mu, na wɔde nneɛma di dwuma kwan pa so.[18][19]

Nsεm afoforo

[sesa]
  1. ↑ "Definition of Birth control". MedicineNet. Archived from the original on 6 August 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2012.
  2. ↑ Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. June 2012.
  3. ↑ World Health Organization (WHO). "Family planning". Health topics. World Health Organization (WHO).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Hanson, S.J.; Burke, Anne E. (21 December 2010). "Fertility control: contraception, sterilization, and abortion". In Hurt, K. Joseph; Guile, Matthew W.; Bienstock, Jessica L.; Fox, Harold E.; Wallach, Edward E. (eds.). The Johns Hopkins manual of gynecology and obstetrics (4th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 382–395. ISBN 978-1-60547-433-5. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (help)
  5. ↑ World Health Organization Department of Reproductive Health and Research (2011). Family planning: A global handbook for providers: Evidence-based guidance developed through worldwide collaboration (PDF) (Rev. and Updated ed.). Geneva, Switzerland: WHO and Center for Communication Programs. ISBN 978-0-9788563-7-3.
  6. ↑ Taliaferro, L. A.; Sieving, R.; Brady, S. S.; Bearinger, L. H. (2011). "We have the evidence to enhance adolescent sexual and reproductive health--do we have the will?". Adolescent medicine: state of the art reviews. 22 (3): 521–543, xii. PMID 22423463.
  7. ↑ Chin, H. B.; Sipe, T. A.; Elder, R.; Mercer, S. L.; Chattopadhyay, S. K.; Jacob, V.; Wethington, H. R.; Kirby, D.; Elliston, D. B. (2012). "The Effectiveness of Group-Based Comprehensive Risk-Reduction and Abstinence Education Interventions to Prevent or Reduce the Risk of Adolescent Pregnancy, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Sexually Transmitted Infections". American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 42 (3): 272–294. doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2011.11.006. PMID 22341164. Archived from the original on 2020-01-02. Retrieved 2017-05-23.
  8. ↑ Gizzo, S; Fanelli, T; Di Gangi, S; Saccardi, C; Patrelli, TS; Zambon, A; Omar, A; D'Antona, D; Nardelli, GB (October 2012). "Nowadays which emergency contraception? Comparison between past and present: latest news in terms of clinical efficacy, side effects and contraindications". Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology. 28 (10): 758–63. doi:10.3109/09513590.2012.662546. PMID 22390259.
  9. ↑ DiCenso A, Guyatt G, Willan A, Griffith L (June 2002). "Interventions to reduce unintended pregnancies among adolescents: systematic review of randomised controlled trials". BMJ. 324 (7351): 1426. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7351.1426. PMC 115855. PMID 12065267.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ↑ Duffy, K.; Lynch, D. A.; Santinelli, J. (2008). "Government Support for Abstinence-Only-Until-Marriage Education". Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 84 (6): 746–748. doi:10.1038/clpt.2008.188. PMID 18923389.
  11. ↑ Black, A. Y.; Fleming, N. A.; Rome, E. S. (2012). "Pregnancy in adolescents". Adolescent medicine: state of the art reviews. 23 (1): 123–138, xi. PMID 22764559.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 Rowan, S. P.; Someshwar, J.; Murray, P. (2012). "Contraception for primary care providers". Adolescent medicine: state of the art reviews. 23 (1): 95–110, x–xi. PMID 22764557.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 World Health Organization Department of Reproductive Health and Research (2011). Family planning: A global handbook for providers: Evidence-based guidance developed through worldwide collaboration (PDF) (Rev. and Updated ed.). Geneva, Switzerland: WHO and Center for Communication Programs. pp. 260–300. ISBN 978-0-9788563-7-3.
  14. ↑ "Costs and Benefits of Contraceptive Services: Estimates for 2012" (pdf). United Nations Population Fund. June 2012. p. 1.
  15. ↑ Carr, B.; Gates, M. F.; Mitchell, A.; Shah, R. (2012). "Giving women the power to plan their families". The Lancet. 380 (9837): 80–82. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60905-2. PMID 22784540. Archived from the original on 2013-05-10. Retrieved 2017-05-23.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Cleland, J; Conde-Agudelo, A; Peterson, H; Ross, J; Tsui, A (Jul 14, 2012). "Contraception and health". Lancet. 380 (9837): 149–56. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60609-6. PMID 22784533.
  17. ↑ Ahmed, S.; Li, Q.; Liu, L.; Tsui, A. O. (2012). "Maternal deaths averted by contraceptive use: An analysis of 172 countries". The Lancet. 380 (9837): 111–125. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60478-4. PMID 22784531. Archived from the original on 2013-05-10. Retrieved 2017-05-23.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 Canning, D.; Schultz, T. P. (2012). "The economic consequences of reproductive health and family planning". The Lancet. 380 (9837): 165–171. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60827-7. PMID 22784535. Archived from the original on 2013-06-02. Retrieved 2017-05-23.
  19. ↑ Van Braeckel, D.; Temmerman, M.; Roelens, K.; Degomme, O. (2012). "Slowing population growth for wellbeing and development". The Lancet. 380 (9837): 84–85. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60902-7. PMID 22784542. Archived from the original on 2013-05-10. Retrieved 2017-05-23.

Nkyekyem:Gao lazamankwala

Yɛ yi fii "https://tw.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Awo_ano_a_wosiw&oldid=167704"