Anticipation, or being enthusiastic, is an emotion involving pleasure, excitement, and sometimes anxiety in considering some expected or longed-for good event.

As a defence mechanism

Robin Skynner considered anticipation as one of "the mature ways of dealing with real stress... You reduce the stress of some difficult challenge by anticipating what it will be like and preparing for how you are going to deal with it". There is evidence that "the use of mature defenses (sublimation, anticipation) tended to increase with age".

Desire

"Anticipation is the central ingredient in sexual desire." As "sex has a major cognitive component — the most important element for desire is positive anticipation": indeed, one name for pleasurable anticipation is excitement.

More generally, anticipation is a central motivating force in everyday life — "the normal process of imaginative anticipation of, or speculation about, the future". To enjoy one's life, "one needs a belief in Time as a promising medium to do things in; one needs to be able to suffer the pains and pleasures of anticipation and deferral".

In genetics, anticipation is a phenomenon whereby as a genetic disorder is passed on to the next generation, the symptoms of the genetic disorder become apparent at an earlier age with each generation. In most cases, an increase of severity of symptoms is also noted. Anticipation is common in trinucleotide repeat disorders, such as Huntington's disease and myotonic dystrophy, where a dynamic mutation in DNA occurs. All of these diseases have neurological symptoms. Prior to the understanding of the genetic mechanism for anticipation, it was debated whether anticipation was a true biological phenomenon or whether the earlier age of diagnosis was related to heightened awareness of disease symptoms within a family.

Trinucleotide repeats and expansion

Trinucleotide repeats are apparent in a number of loci in the human genome. They have been found in introns, exons and 5' or 3' UTR's. They consist of a pattern of three nucleotides (e.g. CGG) which is repeated a number of times. During meiosis, unstable repeats can undergo triplet expansion (see later section); in this case, the germ cells produced have a greater number of repeats than are found in the somatic tissues.

In artificial intelligence (AI), anticipation is the concept of an agent making decisions based on predictions, expectations, or beliefs about the future. It is widely considered that anticipation is a vital component of complex natural cognitive systems. As a branch of AI, anticipatory systems is a specialization still echoing the debates from the 1980s about the necessity for AI for an internal model.

Reaction, proaction and anticipation

Elementary forms of artificial intelligence can be constructed using a policy based on simple if-then rules. An example of such a system would be an agent following the rules

A system such as the one defined above might be viewed as inherently reactive because the decision making is based on the current state of the environment with no explicit regard to the future. An agent employing anticipation would try to predict the future state of the environment (weather in this case) and make use of the predictions in the decision making. For example

Ilona is a Hungarian female given name, the traditional name of the Queen of the Fairies in Magyar folklore.

Its etymology is uncertain. A common myth is that Ilona is cognate with the Greek given name Helen.

Diminutive forms include Ilonka and Ilike.

Ilona is a common name in Finland, where it is considered to refer to the Finnish word ilo ("joy") and ilona literally means "as a joy [to someone]". It is also common in Lithuania, Poland (formerly in crown union with Hungary) and in France.

People

The name Ilona may refer to:

Un Monde Parfait was the debut album from the French singer Ilona (Mitrecey), and was released on August 10, 2005, by Sony BMG.

Part of the album was released in Germany on August 19, 2005 and in Switzerland, however it only had 6 of the tracks, and was entitled Ilona. Some fans who had purchased this mini version were angered as, if they wanted all the tracks, they had to purchase the new version.

Chart performance

This album was marketed in France on October, 2005. In French SNEP Albums Chart, it went straight to number 2 on October 15, which was its peak position, and remained on the chart until its 58th week, on February 2, 2007.Un Monde parfait was the 34th best selling album in 2005, with 178,454 copies sold, and the 130th in 2006, with 257,100 whole sales.

In Portuguese Albums Chart, it stayed for 25 weeks from 12/2006 to 38/2006 and reached #2 for three weeks.

Track listings

Worldwide : Un Monde parfait

Ilona is a 1921 German silent film directed by Robert Dinesen and starring Lya De Putti, Arnold Korff and Artúr Somlay.

The film's sets were designed by the Hungarian art director Stefan Lhotka.

Cast

References

Bibliography

External links