Apostasy (/əˈpɒstəsi/; Greek: ἀποστασία (apostasia), "a defection or revolt") is the formal disaffiliation from, or abandonment or renunciation of a religion by a person. It can also be defined within the broader context of embracing an opinion contrary to one's previous beliefs. One who commits apostasy (or who apostatizes) is known as an apostate. The term apostasy is used by sociologists to mean renunciation and criticism of, or opposition to, a person's former religion, in a technical sense and without pejorative connotation.
The term is occasionally also used metaphorically to refer to renunciation of a non-religious belief or cause, such as a political party, brain trust, or a sports team.
Apostasy is generally not a self-definition: very few former believers call themselves apostates because of the negative connotation of the term.
Many religious groups and some states punish apostates. Apostates may be shunned by the members of their former religious group or subjected to formal or informal punishment. This may be the official policy of the religious group or may simply be the voluntary action of its members. Certain churches may in certain circumstances excommunicate the apostate, while some religious scriptures demand the death penalty for apostates. Examples of punishment by death for apostates can be seen under the Sharia Law found in certain Islamic countries.
Apostasy is the formal disaffiliation from, or abandonment or renunciation of, a religion by a person.
Apostasy may also refer to:
History
Books
Film and TV
Music
See also
HIDDEN ERROR: Usage of "Past members" is not recognized
Apostasy is a Swedish black metal band formed in 2000.
History
The original lineup from 2000 (the band should not be confused with the earlier Norwegian band of the same name) consisted of Håkan Björklund and Mathias Edin of Kramfors, Sweden. They recruited Mattias' brother Fredric Edin on vocals and bass, and Lars Engström on guitar. The band name at this time was Marchosias, taken from the demon with the same name.
In January 2002 the band recorded their first demo, simply titled Demo 2002, in Studio Underground in Västerås, Sweden. The two songs on this demo remained as demo material and are considered to be of the "Marchosias" time. One of the songs, "Demons of The Night", would also end up on the compilation CD for Smack Rock Festival 2002, a small festival held in Sundsvall for a few years before being cancelled.
Later in the year of 2002, Andreas Edin (bass) and Dennis Bobzien (keyboards) joined the band, shortly after the departure of Engström. As a replacement for Lars the band found Henrik Johansson. The now six-piece band continued evolving their music style to another level bringing keyboards into the picture. In November 2002 the band recorded another demo with three songs, "Infernal Majesty", "Beneath The Lies of Prophecy" and "The Beauty of Death", which would later appear on the first full length album by the band. In the late winter/early spring of 2003 the band received an offer for a record deal from Black Mark Records. Shortly before recording their first album, Andreas Edin left the band and was replaced by Leif Högberg. The band's debut Cell 666 was recorded summer 2003. It was also during this recording that the name of the band was changed to Apostasy.
Rudra (/ˈrʊdrə/; Sanskrit: रुद्र) is a Rigvedic deity, associated with wind or storm, and the hunt. The name has been translated as "the roarer". In the Rigveda, Rudra has been praised as the "mightiest of the mighty". The Shri Rudram hymn from the Yajurveda is dedicated to Rudra, and is important in the Saivism sect.
The Hindu god Shiva shares several features with the Rudra: the theonym Shiva originated as an epithet of Rudra, the adjective shiva ("kind") being used euphemistically of Rudra, who also carries the epithet Aghora, Abhayankar ("extremely calm [sic] non terrifying"). Usage of the epithet came to exceed the original theonym by the post-Vedic period (in the Sanskrit Epics), and the name Rudra has been taken as a synonym for the god Shiva and the two names are used interchangeably.
Etymology
The etymology of the theonym Rudra is somewhat uncertain. It is usually derived from the root rud- which means "to cry, howl." According to this etymology, the name Rudra has been translated as "the roarer". An alternative etymology suggested by Prof. Pischel derives Rudra as "the red one, the brilliant one" from a lost root rud-, "to be red" or "to be ruddy" or respectively, according to Grassman, "to shine". A Rigvedic verse "rukh draavayathi, iti rudraha" where 'rukh' means sorrow/misery, 'draavayathi' means to drive out or eliminate and 'iti' means that which or he who, implies 'Rudra' to be the eliminator of evil and usherer of peace.
Rudra is a spider genus of the Salticidae family (jumping spiders).
Name
The genus name probably refers to Rudra, a Rigvedic god.
Species
External links
Rudra is an Indian actress acts prominently in Malayalam. She had acted only in few movies. But her lead roles in Manichitrathazhu (1993), Dhruvam (1993) and Kudumba Kodathi (1996) are well noted.
Background
Rudra made her debut with Post Box Number 27, a Malayalam movie in 1991.She had acted in few Tamil, Kannada, Telugu movies as well.