In computer science, thrashing occurs when a computer's virtual memory subsystem is in a constant state of paging, rapidly exchanging data in memory for data on disk, to the exclusion of most application-level processing. This causes the performance of the computer to degrade or collapse. The situation may continue indefinitely until the underlying cause is addressed. The term is also used for various similar phenomena, particularly movement between other levels of the memory hierarchy, where a process progresses slowly because significant time is being spent acquiring resources.
Overview
If a process does not have enough pages, thrashing is a high paging activity, and the page fault rate is high. This leads to low CPU utilization. In modern computers, thrashing may occur in the paging system (if there is not sufficient physical memory or the disk access time is overly long), or in the communications system (especially in conflicts over internal bus access), etc. Depending on the configuration and algorithms involved, the throughput and latency of a system may degrade by multiple orders of magnitude. Thrashing is a state in which the CPU performs 'productive' work less and 'swapping' more. The CPU is busy in swapping pages, so much that it can not respond to users' programs as much as required. Thrashing occurs when there are too many pages in memory, and each page refers to another page. The real memory shortens in capacity to have all the pages in it, so it uses 'virtual memory'. When each page in execution demands that page that is not currently in real memory (RAM) it places some pages on virtual memory and adjusts the required page on RAM. If the CPU is too busy in doing this task, thrashing occurs.
Gash may refer to:
Gash is a Foetus album released in 1995 by Sony/Columbia. Gash is the only Foetus album to appear on a major label and their most widely distributed, with releases in North America, Europe, and Japan. Gash is Columbia Records #CK 66461.
Track listing
All songs written and composed by J. G. Thirlwell.
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External links
Gash is the debut EP by the neo-psychedelia band Pram. It was released in 1992 on Howl Records.
Originally a six song album, the EP was re-released in 1997 as a full-length record on the æ label. Five more tracks were added to the release.
Track listing
All lyrics written by Rosie Cuckston, except "Inmate's Clothes" co-written by Sam Owen, all music composed by Pram.
Personnel
References
External links
Conflict may refer to:
Conflict may also refer to:
Film and television
Music
Games
An edit conflict is a computer problem where multiple editors cannot all edit the same item during a short time period. The problem is encountered on wikis or distributed data systems. An edit conflict occurs when a shared document is being edited by more than one person at the same time, and the attempted changes are treated as incompatible with each other. One person attempts to edit the document, but upon trying to save the new version, another person has already modified the document in the intervening time period, thus causing a difference between the attempted edit and the already-made edit that must be resolved manually, and causing an "edit conflict" error message. According to computer writer Gary B. Shelly, "Many wikis will block the contributor who is attempting to edit the page from being able to do so until the contributor currently editing the page saves changes or remains idle on the page for an extended period of time."
The problem is common when working on heavily edited articles on Wikipedia, such as those about a "current event" or a "person suddenly in the news", or on other "high-traffic pages".
Conflict refers to some form of friction, disagreement, or discord arising within a group when the beliefs or actions of one or more members of the group are either resisted by or unacceptable to one or more members of another group. Conflict can arise between members of the same group, known as intragroup conflict, or it can occur between members of two or more groups, and involve violence, interpersonal discord, and psychological tension, known as intergroup conflict. Conflict in groups often follows a specific course. Routine group interaction is first disrupted by an initial conflict, often caused by differences of opinion, disagreements between members, or scarcity of resources. At this point, the group is no longer united, and may split into coalitions. This period of conflict escalation in some cases gives way to a conflict resolution stage, after which the group can eventually return to routine group interaction once again.
Definitions
M. Afzalur Rakhim notes there is no single universally accepted definition of conflict. He notes that one issue of contention is whether the conflict is a situation or a type of behavior.