Jana Rae Kramer (born December 2, 1983) is an American actress and country music singer. She is best known for her role as Alex Dupre on the television series One Tree Hill. Kramer began a country music career in 2012 with the single "Why Ya Wanna" from her self-titled debut album for Elektra Records.

Early life

Kramer was born in Rochester Hills, Michigan, United States, to Nora and Martin Kramer. She is of German Chilean, Croatian and French ancestry. Jana has one brother Steve who is a police officer. Jana attended Rochester Adams High School. She speaks some German.

Career

2002–11: acting career and record deal

In 2002, Kramer made her acting debut in the low-budget independent horror film Dead/Undead. The following year Kramer guest appeared on All My Children, which marked Kramer's television debut. Kramer has since continued to appear in a number of television shows such as CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, Grey's Anatomy, Private Practice and CSI: NY. She has also had small supporting roles in films such as Click, Prom Night and Spring Breakdown.

Love is a 2006 theatrical production by Cirque du Soleil which combines the re-produced and re-imagined music of the Beatles with an interpretive, circus-based artistic and athletic stage performance. The show plays at a specially built theatre at the Mirage in Las Vegas.

A joint venture between Cirque and the Beatles' Apple Corps Ltd, it is the first theatrical production that Apple Corps Ltd. has partnered in. Love is written and directed by Dominic Champagne. Music directors are Sir George Martin, producer of nearly all of the Beatles' records, and his son, record producer Giles Martin. A soundtrack album of the show was released in November 2006.

History

The project arose from discussions in 2000 between George Harrison and his friend Guy Laliberté, one of Cirque's founders. Three years of negotiations between surviving members of the Beatles, Sir Paul McCartney and Ringo Starr, The Beatles widows Olivia Harrison (representing George Harrison) and Yoko Ono (representing John Lennon), the Beatles' holding company Apple Corps Ltd. and the MGM Mirage culminated in an agreement.

Love is the third studio album by alternative rock band Angels & Airwaves. It was released on February 12, 2010 on Fuel TV, and on February 14 on Modlife. The album was released free of charge due to "corporate underwriting". A "special edition" hard copy version of the album was scheduled for release on March 22, 2011, along with a second disc containing new music from the band. This was announced at a Q & A for the movie, which stated that it would be pushed back to Fall of 2011.

Production

On January 12, 2010, the band released a promotional video entitled "C:\Transmission_Love", which contained a short preview of The Flight of Apollo.

Release and special editions

In May 2009, it was announced that the album would be released on Christmas Day. However, on July 19, 2009, DeLonge announced via Modlife that the album will not be released on Christmas Day as previously planned, and instead will be released on Valentine's Day. The album was released free of charge through Modlife on Valentine's Day 2010.

In Riemannian geometry, a collapsing or collapsed manifold is an n-dimensional manifold M that admits a sequence of Riemannian metrics g_i, such that as i goes to infinity the manifold is close to a k-dimensional space, where k < n, in the Gromov–Hausdorff distance sense. Generally there are some restrictions on the sectional curvatures of (M, g_i). The simplest example is a flat manifold, whose metric can be rescaled by 1/i, so that the manifold is close to a point, but its curvature remains 0 for all i.

Examples

Generally speaking there are two types of collapsing:

(1) The first type is a collapse while keeping the curvature uniformly bounded, say .

Let be a sequence of dimensional Riemannian manifolds, where denotes the sectional curvature of the ith manifold. There is a theorem proved by Jeff Cheeger, Kenji Fukaya and Mikhail Gromov, which states that: There exists a constant such that if and , then admits an N-structure, with denoting the injectivity radius of the manifold M. Roughly speaking the N-structure is a locally action of a nilmanifold, which is a generalization of an F-structure, introduced by Cheeger and Gromov. This theorem generalized previous theorems of Cheeger-Gromov and Fukaya where they only deal with the torus action and bounded diameter cases respectively.

Collapse (Ukrainian: Kолапс, also known as Collapse: Devastated World) is an action game released in 2008 for Microsoft Windows. It was developed by Creoteam, a company based in Ukraine. The game is notable for combining Quick Time Events and sword battles similar to God of War series, third-person shooting, and a setting similar to S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Shadow of Chernobyl. The soundtrack was written by Kiev-based electronic band NewTone.

Gameplay

The gameplay is divided into sections where a player is encouraged to use either swords or guns. The shooting section is similar to many third-person shooters, while the close-range combat is similar to the God of War series. Boss battles are usually finished using quick time events. Many of the locations in the game are based on real-life Kiev places, such as Maidan Nezalezhnosti and Kiev Pechersk Lavra.

Plot

The story is set in 2096 in Kiev, Ukraine, a city that turned into the center of the Zone. The Zone was created after a strange interdimensional rift opened, leading the city and all surrounding areas to be infested with outwordly beasts and dangerous anomalies. The rift become known as the Hole. To stop the spread of the Zone, a quarantine was declared, and all the inhabitants of the place became hostages. At first, the Zone was controlled by scientists and militia, but due to monster attacks and strong aggression from the locals, the Zone soon became divided between various bandit clans led by so-called Lords. The city itself and surrounding area of the Zone became known as the Junkyard.

Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed (also titled Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Survive) is a 2005 book by academic and popular science author Jared M. Diamond, which reviews the causes of historical and pre-historical instances of societal collapse—particularly those involving significant influences from environmental changes, the effects of climate change, hostile neighbors, and trade partners—and considers the responses different societies have had to such threats. While the bulk of the book is concerned with the demise of these historical civilizations, Diamond also argues that humanity collectively faces, on a much larger scale, many of the same issues, with possibly catastrophic near-future consequences to many of the world's populations.

Synopsis

In the prologue, Diamond summarizes his methodology in one paragraph:

Diamond identifies five factors that contribute to collapse: climate change, hostile neighbors, collapse of essential trading partners, environmental problems, and failure to adapt to environmental issues.