克里米亞
克里米亞 烏克蘭文:Крим 俄文:Крым | |
---|---|
半島 | |
克里米亞半島嘅衛星雲圖 | |
國家 | |
面積 | |
• 總計 | 27,000 平方公里(10,000 平方英里) |
海拔 | 1,545 米(5,069 英尺) |
人口(2021)[1] | |
• 總計 | 2,416,856 |
• 密度 | 90/平方公里(230/平方英里) |
ISO 3166碼 | UA-43 |
克里米亞(烏克蘭文:Крим)係位於黑海嘅一個半島,法理上屬於烏克蘭國土。但係,自從2014年克里米亞危機爆發以嚟,一直都係畀俄羅斯強行侵佔緊。
烏克蘭唯一嘅自治共和國克里米亞自治共和國佔據咗半島嘅大部份,而剩翻嘅就係塞凡堡自治市(烏克蘭文:Севастополь)。蘇聯解體之後,俄羅斯同烏克蘭達成協議,俄羅斯每年向烏克蘭交9700萬美元租金,租用塞凡堡自治市嘅烏克蘭軍港,作為黑海艦隊嘅基地。
歷史
[編輯]直至近代史時期,克里米亞半島一直都係古典文化嘅邊緣,由古希臘喺公元前6世紀喺半島聚居開始。當時,希臘人喺岸邊成立咗殖民地,其中最大嘅城邦係喺依家嘅塞凡堡附近。之後,克里米亞俾古羅馬同拜占庭帝國統治,到13世紀俾蒙古帝國征服。當地嘅蒙古人成立咗克里米亞汗國,期間曾經俾鄂圖曼帝國控制,到1783年完全俾俄羅斯帝國吞并。
到1854年,當地爆發咗克里米亞戰爭,俄國雖然輸咗俾英法國同鄂圖曼帝國,但係可以留住克里米亞。到1917年俄國革命之後,克里米亞成為咗蘇聯嘅自治共和國。到1944年,史太林逼當地嘅克里米亞韃靼人成為流離失所嘅民族,嚟避免出現反蘇聯革命,一般都認為呢個係屬於種族清洗。
到1954年,當時嘅蘇聯共產黨第一書記赫魯曉夫為咗慶祝烏克蘭同俄羅斯結盟300週年,將克里米亞由蘇俄劃畀烏克蘭加盟國[2]。
1991年,喺蘇聯解體前夕,克里米亞人民喺1991年烏克蘭獨立公投選舉投票支持獨立,同時願意克里米亞成為烏克蘭領土不可分割嘅一部分。
2014年,俄羅斯派遣不明武裝分子[3]侵略同佔領克里米亞[4][5],槍手挾持克里米亞議會嘅議員[6][7],強逼佢哋投票支持親俄傀儡顛覆克里米亞政府[8][9],跟住仲搞咗個唔畀聯合國同歐洲安全合作組織監督[10][11],受到操縱嘅所謂「公投」[12][13],之後俄羅斯宣佈吞併克里米亞[14][15],國際社會普遍都譴責俄羅斯嘅侵略行徑[16][17],並呼籲尊重烏克蘭嘅主權同領土完整[18][19][20][21] 。
睇埋
[編輯]註
[編輯]- ↑ 聯合國大會68/262號決議認定克里米亞係俄羅斯佔領緊嘅烏克蘭領土
參考
[編輯]- ↑ "Численность населения Российской Федерации по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2021 года" [The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2021] (俄文). Russian Federal State Statistics Service. 原著 (XLS)喺2021-02-04歸檔. 喺2021-01-31搵到.
- ↑ Calamur, Krishnadev (2014-02-27). "Crimea: A Gift to Ukraine Becomes a Political Flashpoint". NPR.
- ↑ Schreck, Carl (26 February 2019). "From 'Not Us' To 'Why Hide It?': How Russia Denied Its Crimea Invasion, Then Admitted It". rferl.org. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 原先內容歸檔喺30 October 2019. 喺30 October 2019搵到.
- ↑ "Ukraine crisis: 'Russians' occupy Crimea airports". BBC News (英國英文). 2014-02-28. 原先內容歸檔喺21 November 2021. 喺2021-04-06搵到.
- ↑ Shevchenko, Vitaly (11 March 2014). ""Little green men" or "Russian invaders"?". BBC News. 原先內容歸檔喺29 December 2019. 喺18 November 2015搵到.
- ↑ http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/193292.html Number of Crimean deputies present at referendum resolution vote unclear]. Interfax-Ukraine, 27 February 2014.
- ↑ De Carbonnel, Alissa (2014-03-13). "RPT-INSIGHT-How the separatists delivered Crimea to Moscow". Reuters. 喺2020-11-28搵到.
- ↑ Crimea sets date for autonomy vote amid gunmen, anti-Kiev protests, (27 February 2014).
- ↑ "Putin's narrative on Crimea annexation takes an evolutionary leap". Kyiv Post. 11 March 2015. 喺12 March 2015搵到.
- ↑ "UN Human Rights Envoy In Ukraine Unable To Reach CrimeaTalk Radio News Service". Talkradionews.com. 3月 11, 2014. 原著喺3月 15, 2014歸檔. 喺3月 15, 2014搵到.
- ↑ "OSCE team says Crimea gunmen threatened to shoot at them". Worldbulletin.net. March 12, 2014. 原先內容歸檔喺March 12, 2014. 喺March 15, 2014搵到.
- ↑ "'Irregularities' cited in Crimea referendum". 原著喺3月 18, 2014歸檔. 喺3月 18, 2014搵到.
- ↑ "Crimea Referendum: 34 Percent, Not 97 Percent, Says Former Russian Government Adviser". Guardian Liberty Voice. March 25, 2014. 原先內容歸檔喺March 27, 2014. 喺March 27, 2014搵到.
- ↑ "Four years since Russia's illegal annexation of Crimea". Government.no. 14 March 2018. 喺28 March 2019搵到.
- ↑ "Putin reveals secrets of Russia's Crimea takeover plot". BBC News. 9 March 2015. 喺9 March 2015搵到.
Soldatkin, Vladimir; Stamp, David (9 March 2014). "Putin says plan to take Crimea hatched before referendum". Reuters. 喺10 March 2015搵到. - ↑ "Ukraine Crisis: World Leaders React to Unfolding Disaster in Crimea". International Business Times. 2014-03-02. 喺2014-03-04搵到.
- ↑ Fred Dews (19 March 2014). "NATO Secretary-General: Russia's Annexation of Crimea Is Illegal and Illegitimate". Brookings. 喺8 March 2015搵到.
- ↑ "Vote by U.N. General Assembly Isolates Russia," 27 March 2014, New York Times retrieved 31 January 2022
- ↑ Alex Felton; Marie-Louise Gumuchian (27 March 2014). "U.N. General Assembly resolution calls Crimean referendum invalid". cnn.com. 喺20 October 2015搵到.
- ↑ "Ukraine’s Best Pitch Might Come From the Sidelines," in "United Nations General Assembly," 23 September 2014, New York Times retrieved 31 January 2022
- ↑ Reuters: "Explainer-Can the U.N. Do More Than Just Talk About Russia, Ukraine Crisis?," 31 January 2022, U.S. News & World Report, retrieved 31 January 2022