寫實主義
閱讀設定
(由現實主義跳轉過嚟)
一件藝術品可以淨係局部噉跟從寫實主義:例如喺畫畫當中,一幅畫作可以強調喺題材同圖像上都要真實,幅作品明顯睇得出係畫緊一啲真實存在嘅嘢,而且個畫家會想盡力務求自己幅作品似一幅相,呢個特點喺好多 19 世紀嘅歐洲人像畫身上都可以睇到;另一方面,一個藝術家又可能會追求圖像上真實,但題材唔真實,例如幅作品畫神話入面嘅故事,但畫面依然追求好似一幅相噉[1]。
寫實主義喺 1850 年代崛起:當時法國嘅藝術界受源自 18 世紀尾嘅浪漫主義(romanticism)主導住,浪漫主義追求以強烈嘅情感做藝術品嘅主導,而(追求客觀噉描述事物嘅)寫實主義好大程度上係對浪漫主義嘅一種反叛,及後寫實主義仲有影響法國嘅第啲藝術同擴展去喺正法國隔離、而且同樣講羅曼語族語言嘅意大利嗰度,對打後嘅意大利藝術影響深遠[2][3]。
寫實主義畫作
[編輯]-
Diego Velázquez, The Farmers' Lunch, c. 1620
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Adriaen Brouwer, Interior of a Tavern, c. 1630
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Quiringh van Brekelenkam, Interior of a Tailor's Shop, 1653
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Giacomo Ceruti, Women Working on Pillow Lace, 1720s
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Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, Woman Cleaning Turnips, c. 1738, Alte Pinakothek.[4]
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Jean-Baptiste Greuze, The Laundress, 1761
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Sir Luke Fildes, The Widower, 1876
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William Bell Scott Iron and Coal, 1855–1860
睇埋
[編輯]參考
[編輯]- Blunt Anthony, Artistic Theory in Italy, 1450–1600, 1940 (refs to 1985 edn), OUP, ISBN 0-19-881050-4.
- Dahlhaus, Carl (1985). Realism in Nineteenth-Century Music. Translated by Mary Whittall. Cambridge, London, New York, New Rochelle, Melbourne, Sydney: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-26115-9. ISBN 978-0-521-27841-6 (pbk).
- Dahlhaus, Carl (1989). Nineteenth-Century Music. Translated by J. Bradford Robinson. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-07644-0.
- Frisch, Walter (2005). German Modernism: Music and the Arts. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-25148-9.'
- Morris, Pam (2003). Realism. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-22938-8.
- Needham, Gerald, "Naturalism." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University Press, accessed February 23, 2013, subscriber link
- Raben, Hans, "Bellori's Art: The Taste and Distaste of a Seventeenth-Century Art Critic in Rome", Simiolus: Netherlands Quarterly for the History of Art, Vol. 32, No. 2/3 (2006), pp. 126–46, Stichting voor Nederlandse Kunsthistorische Publicaties, JSTOR
- Watt, Ian (1957). The Rise of the Novel: Studies in Defoe, Richardson and Fielding. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- West, Shearer (1996). The Bullfinch Guide to Art. UK: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc. ISBN 978-0-8212-2137-2.
攷
[編輯]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Finocchio, Ross. "Nineteenth-Century French Realism". In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. online (October 2004)
- ↑ Zarrilli, Phillip; McConachie, Bruce; Williams, Gary Jay; Sorgenfrei, Carol (2010). Theatre Histories: An Introduction, 2nd edition. Oxon: Routledge. p. 389.
- ↑ Hayward, Susan. "Realism" in Cinema Studies: The Key Concepts (Third Edition). Routledge, 2006. pp. 334–35
- ↑ Chardin served as a forerunner to the Realist movement in French painting. "Without realizing he was doing it, he rejected his own time and opened the door to modernity". Rosenberg, cited by Wilkin, Karen, The Splendid Chardin, New Criterion. Requires subscription. Retrieved 15 October 2008.