休斯敦：修订间差异

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休斯敦創建於1836年8月30日<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.houstontx.gov/abouthouston/houstonfacts.html |title=Facts and Figures |website=www.houstontx.gov |access-date=2019-02-21 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190221112147/https://www.houstontx.gov/abouthouston/houstonfacts.html |archive-date=2019-02-21 |url-status=live }}</ref>，市名是以當年[[德克薩斯共和國]]總統[[山姆·休士頓]]（Sam Houston）所命名，後於1837年6月5日合併為一個城市。<ref name="Allen's Landing">{{Handbook of Texas | author=Kleiner, D.J | name=Allen's Landing | id=hvabg| retrieved=2007-06-10|date=February 3, 2005}}</ref><ref name="HouHTO">{{cite web |access-date=2008-06-01 |url=https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hdh03 |title=Houston, Texas |date=2008-01-19 |author=McComb, David G. |work=Handbook of Texas Online |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110412053108/http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hdh03 |archive-date=2011-04-12 |url-status=live }}</ref>自19世紀後期以來，休斯頓的經濟在[[能源]]（特別是[[石油]]）、製造業、航空業和交通運輸領域擁有廣泛的基礎。成為美國成長最迅速的大城市之一<ref name=":8">{{Cite news |url=https://www.houstonchronicle.com/local/history/article/Promise-and-a-few-fibs-launched-this-city-s-7730948.php |title=Promise – and a few fibs – launched this city's destiny |last=Gray |first=Lisa |date=2016-05-19 |work=Houston Chronicle |access-date=2018-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704063541/https://www.houstonchronicle.com/local/history/article/Promise-and-a-few-fibs-launched-this-city-s-7730948.php |archive-date=2018-07-04 |url-status=live }}</ref>，也是全美最大的一個沒有[[規劃法]]的大城市。休斯頓在醫療保健領域和油田設備製造方面也處於領先地位，[[休斯敦港|休斯頓港]]是世界第六大港口，美國最繁忙的港口，國際水運噸位處理量在美國排名第一，在總貨物處理量方面排名第二。[[財富500強]]總部数量僅次於[[紐約市]]。<ref>[https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2011/cities/ ''Fortune'' 500 2010: Cities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110824184919/http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2011/cities/ |date=August 24, 2011 }} Accessed May 25, 2011</ref><ref name="kearney">{{cite web |title=A.T. Kearney Global Cities Index 2019 |work=A.T. Kearney |access-date=2015-07-25 |url=http://www.atkearney.com/images/global/pdf/Urban_Elite-GCI_2010.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928025715/http://www.atkearney.com/images/global/pdf/Urban_Elite-GCI_2010.pdf |archive-date=2011-09-28 |url-status=live }}</ref>休斯敦是{{tsl|en|Texas_Medical_Center|德克薩斯醫療中心}}(TMC)的所在地，世界最大和最重要的[[研究]]和[[治療]]機構的集中地。休士頓還是美國27個超過170萬人口的重要大都會地區中生活消費和房價最低的。<ref name="port ranking">{{cite web |title=2010 Port Industry Statistics, American Association of Port Authorities |url=http://aapa.files.cms-plus.com/Statistics/2010%20U%2ES%2E%20PORT%20RANKINGS%20BY%20CARGO%20TONNAGE.pdf |access-date=2012-11-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117025751/http://aapa.files.cms-plus.com/Statistics/2010%20U%2ES%2E%20PORT%20RANKINGS%20BY%20CARGO%20TONNAGE.pdf |archive-date=2013-01-17 |url-status=live }}</ref>

 

休士頓的官方[[綽號]]為「太空城（Space City）」，因為它是[[林登·约翰逊太空中心]]的所在地，負責管理美國太空計劃的{{tsl|en|Christopher_C._Kraft_Jr._Mission_Control_Center|太空任務控制中心}}也設在此處，許多當地人喜愛將休士頓稱作「牛沼城」。其他綽號還有「H鎮」、「腳爪城」或「蒙古城」<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/05/houston-most-diverse_n_1321089.html |work=Huffington Post |title=Houston Surpasses New York and Los Angeles as the 'Most Diverse in Nation' |access-date=2018-04-12 |date=2012-03-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180709170609/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/03/05/houston-most-diverse_n_1321089.html |archive-date=2018-07-09 |url-status=live }}</ref>，休士頓已成為擁有多重文化的城市，被全球化和世界城市研究小組和網絡（GaWC）稱為「[[全球城市]]」。許多外來移民的社區在此發展。其美術館區是許多文化機構和展覽的天堂，每年吸引將進七百萬的遊客，在休士頓常能看見活躍的視覺表演藝術。<ref name="ikvngd">"{{cite web |url=http://www.houston.org/pdf/research/20AW005.pdf |title=Museums and Cultural Arts |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100711230112/http://www.houston.org/pdf/research/20AW005.pdf |archive-date=2010-07-11 }}&nbsp;{{small|(31.8&nbsp;KB)}}", Greater Houston Partnership. Retrieved on March 21, 2009.</ref>

 

== 歷史 ==