損害：修订间差异

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第1行： {{not\|損傷}} ~~'''損害'''，是[[倫理學\|倫理]]及[[法律]]概念。~~ {{about\| 一般所說的損害（harm）\|普通法中的損害（mischief）\|損害 (普通法)}} {{legal}} '''損害'''（{{lang-en\|harm}}），是[[道德]]及[[法律]]概念。指[[身體]]或[[名譽]]受到外界的侵襲，因此損失[[身體]]功能或[[尊嚴]]減值。侵襲包括[[武力]]、[[誹謗]]等。<ref>Feinberg, Joel. 1984. ''The Moral Limits of the Criminal Law, Volume 1: Harm to Others.'' New York: Oxford University Press.</ref><ref>Bernard Gert, ''Common Morality'', Oxford University Press, 2004.</ref> {{link-en\|伯納德·格特\|Bernard Gert}}將定義損害包括： * [[痛苦]] * [[死亡]] 第7行 ⟶ 第10行： * [[行為能力]]及[[自由]]損失 * [[愉悅]]損失 ~~<!--~~ ~~指[[身體]]或[[名譽]]受到外界的侵襲，因此損失[[身體]]功能或[[尊嚴]]減值。侵襲包括行動[[武力]]及[[語言暴力]]、[[誹謗]]等。~~ [[Joel Feinberg]] gives an account of harms as setbacks to interests.<ref>Feinberg 1984.</ref> He distinguishes ''welfare interests'' from ''ulterior interests''. Hence on his view there are two kinds of harms. ~~''[[well-being\|Welfare]] interests'' are~~ : :interests in the continuance for a foreseeable interval of one's life, and the interests in one's own physical health and vigor, the [[bodily integrity\|integrity]] and [[homeostasis\|normal functioning of one's body]], the absence of absorbing pain and suffering or grotesque disfigurement, minimal intellectual acuity, emotional stability, the absence of groundless anxieties and resentments, the capacity to engage normally in social intercourse and to enjoy and maintain friendships, at least minimal income and financial security, a tolerable social and physical environment, and a certain amount of freedom from interference and coercion.<ref>Feinberg 1984, p. 37.</ref> ''Ulterior interests'' are "a person's more ultimate goals and aspirations," such as "producing good novels or works of art, solving a crucial scientific problem, achieving high political office, successfully raising a family . . .". ~~-->~~ ==参考來源== * Feinberg, Joel. 1984. ''The Moral Limits of the Criminal Law, Volume 1: Harm to Others.'' New York: Oxford University Press. * Bernard Gert, ''Common Morality'', Oxford University Press, 2004. {{reflist}} ==参見== [[侵權行為]] [[人身保護令]] *[[禁制令]]