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阿爾及爾：修订间差异

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{{expand|time=2014-10-04T17:16:59+00:00}}
{{Infobox Settlement
{{refimprove|time=2014-10-04T17:16:59+00:00}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = 阿爾及爾
|native_name = {{rtl-lang|ar|الجزائر}} {{ar icon}}<br/>Alger {{fr icon}}<br/>ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ{{ber icon}}
|native_name = الجزائر‎
|nickname = Algiers the White
El-Behdja；Alger la Blanche | settlement_type= [[阿爾及利亞行政區劃|首都]]
|image_skyline =
|imagesize = 300px
|image_captionimage_skyline = 阿爾及爾市中心Algiers Montage.png
|image_caption = 順時針：[[地中海]]邊的建築、{{link-en|殉道者紀念碑|Martyrs' Memorial, Algiers}}、[[非洲聖母聖殿]]、[[凱喬娃清真寺]]、{{link-fr|阿爾及爾港|Port d'Alger}}、[[阿爾及爾中央郵局]]和{{link-en|阿爾及利亞財政部|Ministry of Finance (Algeria)}}
|imagesize = 250px
|image_flag =
|image_seal = BlasonAlgiers-algerCOA.gifsvg
|image_map pushpin_map = Algiers location.svgAlgeria
|mapsize pushpin_mapsize = 175px300
|map_caption pushpin_map_caption = 阿爾及爾位於在阿爾及利亞的位置
|subdivision_type coordinates_region = [[國家]] DZ
| subdivision_type = 國家
|subdivision_name = [[阿爾及利亞]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[阿爾及利亞行政區劃|省]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[阿爾及爾省]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[阿爾及爾各區|區]]
| subdivision_name2 = 阿爾及爾區
| subdivision_name = {{flag|Algeria}}
|leader_title = [[Wali]] ([[Governor]])
|leader_name leader_title = [[Khalida瓦利 Toumi(稱號)|瓦利]]
|leader_name = M. Mohamed Kebir Addou
|leader_title1 = <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
|leader_name1 established_title = Re-founded
|leader_title2 established_date =
|leader_name2 area_magnitude =
|leader_title3 area_total_km2 = 363
|leader_name3 area_metro_km2 = 1800
|established_titlepopulation_as_of = 都市建立時間2011
|population_footnotes = <ref name=citypop>{{Cite web|url=http://citypopulation.de/Algeria.html|title=Population of the city proper according to the 2008 census|publisher=Citypopulation.de|date=|accessdate=2010-06-27|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100615060640/http://www.citypopulation.de/Algeria.html|archivedate=2010-06-15|deadurl=no}}</ref><ref name=wup>{{Cite web |url=http://esa.un.org/unup/index.asp?panel=2 |title=UN World Urbanization Prospects |publisher=Esa.un.org |date= |accessdate=2010-06-27 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5QkbGwwBk?url=http://esa.un.org/unup/index.asp?panel=2 |archive-date=2007-07-31 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
|established_date = 西元944年
|population_total = 3415811
|established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
|established_date2population_metro = 5,000,000
|population_density_km2 = auto
|established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
|population_density_metro_km2 = auto
|established_date3 =
|area_magnitudetimezone = 無資料[[歐洲中部時間|CET]]
|area_total =
|TotalArea_sq_mi =
|area_land =
|LandArea_sq_mi =
|area_water =
|WaterArea_sq_mi =
|area_water_percent =
|area_urban =
|UrbanArea_sq_mi =
|area_metro =
|MetroArea_sq_mi =
|population_as_of = 2005年
|population_note =
|population_total = 2,159,051人（2008年）
|population_density =
|population_density_mi2 =
|population_metro = 6,253,265人（2008年）
|population_density_metro_km2 =
|population_density_metro_mi2 =
|population_urban = 2,029,936人
|timezone = [[歐洲中部時間]]
|utc_offset = +1
|latd=36|latm=46|latNS=N
|timezone_DST =
|longd=3|longm=13|longEW=E
|utc_offset_DST =
|coordinate_type = region:DZ_type:city
|latd=36|latm=42|latNS=N
|coordinates_display = title
|longd=3|longm=13|longEW=E
|elevation elevation_min_m = 2
|elevation_ft elevation_max_m = 424
|postal_code_type = 郵遞區號編
|postal_code = 16000-1613216000–16132
|websitearea_code = (+213) = 021
|footnoteswebsite = =
|footnotes =
}}
'''阿爾及爾'''（英语：Algiers，[[阿拉伯文]]：الجزائر‎）{{lang-ar|الجزائر}}；{{lang-fr|Alger}}；{{lang-ber|ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ}}）為[[阿爾及利亞]]的首都及海港。現有人口三百萬，最大約佔阿爾及利亞全國人口的十分之一城市。位於[[法國]][[馬賽]]西南805公里，北濱[[地中海]]。這裡除了紡織和[[礦業]]之外根據2020年的估計，農業很發達該城市約為4,500,000人口。周圍大都會區的人口約為8,000,000人
 
阿爾及爾位於[[地中海]]和阿爾及利亞中北部海灣的西側。現代城市興建於沿海的平地上；由[[迪伊]]統治的古城位於現代城鎮後面的陡峭山丘，並設有卡斯巴城、古老的清真寺和鄂圖曼風格的宮殿遺跡，被[[聯合國教科文組織]]登錄為[[世界文化遺產]]，該城市除了紡織和[[礦業]]之外，農業也很發達。
 
== 歷史 ==
約公元980年時，[[柏柏爾人]]在[[羅馬人]]原住地建下這座古城。1518年[[奥鲁奇·雷斯]]及[[巴巴罗萨·海雷丁帕夏|海雷丁]]兩兄弟佔領並在此建立[[土耳其]]統治，迅速成為[[海盜]]活動的一個據點。1830年為法國人攻佔。[[第二次世界大戰]]中為北非盟軍總部和[[戴高樂]]臨時政府所在地。市內有18791909年建立的[[阿爾及利亞爾大學]]和1974年成立的科學技術大學。市內交通包括有[[阿尔及尔胡阿里·布迈丁机场]]及[[鐵路]]。該地並設有貿易、商業和行政部門。該地也盛產[[葡萄酒]]。
 
== 氣候 ==
阿爾及爾屬典型的[[地中海型氣候]]，[[降雨量]]為690~760[[公釐]]，大多集中於11月至3月，平均最高氣溫為攝氏15至29度。
{{Weather box
|location = 阿爾及爾([[阿尔及尔胡阿里·布迈丁机场|胡阿里·布迈丁机场]],平均數據1976–2005,極端數據1838–現在)
|location = 阿爾及爾
|width=auto
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 27.6
|Feb record high C = 31.4
|Mar record high C = 36.3
|Apr record high C = 36.5
|May record high C = 41.1
|Jun record high C = 44.6
|Jul record high C = 45.2
|Aug record high C = 47.5
|Sep record high C = 44.4
|Oct record high C = 39.5
|Nov record high C = 34.4
|Dec record high C = 30.4
|year record high C = 47.5
|Jan high C = 16.7
|Feb high C = 17.4
|Mar high C = 19.23
|Apr high C = 20.9
|May high C = 23.9
第89行 ⟶ 第87行：
|Nov high C = 20.8
|Dec high C = 17.9
|year high C = 23.657
|Jan mean C = 11.1
|Feb mean C = 11.7
|Mar mean C = 13.2
|Apr mean C = 14.9
|May mean C = 18.1
|Jun mean C = 22.2
|Jul mean C = 25.1
|Aug mean C = 26.0
|Sep mean C = 23.6
|Oct mean C = 20.1
|Nov mean C = 15.3
|Dec mean C = 12.6
|year mean C = 17.8
|Jan low C = 5.5
|Feb low C = 5.9
第103行 ⟶ 第114行：
|Dec low C = 7.2
|year low C = 11.9
|Jan record low C = -3.3
|rain colour=green
|JanFeb rainrecord mmlow C = 81-1.49
|FebMar rainrecord mmlow C = 72-1.70
|MarApr rainrecord mmlow C = 55.-0.8
|AprMay rainrecord mmlow C = 582.46
|MayJun rainrecord mmlow C = 415.95
|JunJul rainrecord mmlow C = 89.50
|JulAug rainrecord mmlow C = 49.5
|AugSep rainrecord mmlow C = 8.2
|SepOct rainrecord mmlow C = 284.31
|OctNov rainrecord mmlow C = 58-0.81
|NovDec rainrecord mmlow C = 89-2.63
|Decyear rainrecord mmlow C = 91-3.03
|precipitation colour = green
|year rain mm = 598.3
|Jan rainprecipitation daysmm = 1181.4
|Feb rainprecipitation daysmm = 1072.67
|Mar rainprecipitation daysmm = 955.70
|Apr rainprecipitation daysmm = 958.14
|May rainprecipitation daysmm = 741.39
|Jun rainprecipitation daysmm = 28.5
|Jul rainprecipitation daysmm = 14.5
|Aug rainprecipitation daysmm = 28.52
|Sep rainprecipitation daysmm = 528.3
|Oct rainprecipitation daysmm = 858.68
|Nov rainprecipitation daysmm = 1189.16
|Dec rainprecipitation daysmm = 1291.10
|year rainprecipitation daysmm = 91598.73
|unit rainprecipitation days = 0.1&nbsp; mm
|Jan precipitation days = 11.4
|source 1 = [[世界氣象組織]] ([[United Nations|UN]])<ref>{{cite web
|Feb precipitation days = 10.6
|url=http://www.worldweather.org/122/c00242.htm
|Mar precipitation days = 9.7
|title=Weather Information for Algiers
|Apr precipitation days = 9.1
|accessdate=}}</ref>
|May precipitation days = 7.3
|date=2011年1月}}
|Jun precipitation days = 2.5
|Jul precipitation days = 1.5
|Aug precipitation days = 2.5
|Sep precipitation days = 5.3
|Oct precipitation days = 8.6
|Nov precipitation days = 11.1
|Dec precipitation days = 12.1
|year precipitation days = 91.7
|Jan humidity = 71
|Feb humidity = 66
|Mar humidity = 65
|Apr humidity = 62
|May humidity = 66
|Jun humidity = 66
|Jul humidity = 67
|Aug humidity = 65
|Sep humidity = 68
|Oct humidity = 66
|Nov humidity = 68
|Dec humidity = 68
|year humidity = 67
|Jan sun = 139.5
|Feb sun = 158.2
|Mar sun = 207.7
|Apr sun = 228.0
|May sun = 300.7
|Jun sun = 300.0
|Jul sun = 353.4
|Aug sun = 325.5
|Sep sun = 267.0
|Oct sun = 198.4
|Nov sun = 153.0
|Dec sun = 145.7
|year sun = 2777.1
|Jand sun = 4.5
|Febd sun = 5.6
|Mard sun = 6.7
|Aprd sun = 7.6
|Mayd sun = 9.7
|Jund sun = 10.0
|Juld sun = 11.4
|Augd sun = 10.5
|Sepd sun = 8.9
|Octd sun = 6.4
|Novd sun = 5.1
|Decd sun = 4.7
|yeard sun = 7.6
|source 1 = [[世界气象组织]] (平均氣溫和降水量,1976–2005)<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=242
| title = World Weather Information Service–Algiers
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization
| accessdate = 16 October 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161018205356/http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=242
| archive-date = 18 October 2016
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
|source 2 = Arab Meteorology Book (濕度和日照時間),<ref name=climate>{{cite web
| url = http://extras.springer.com/2007/978-1-4020-4577-6/Book_Shahin_ISBN_9781402045776_Appendix.pdf
| title = Appendix I: Meteorological Data
| publisher = Springer
| accessdate = 16 October 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072830/http://extras.springer.com/2007/978-1-4020-4577-6/Book_Shahin_ISBN_9781402045776_Appendix.pdf
| archive-date = 4 March 2016
| url-status = live
}}</ref> Meteo Climat (極高極低記錄)<ref name = meteoclimat>{{cite web
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=15
| title = Station Alger
| publisher = Meteo Climat
| language = fr
| accessdate = 16 October 2016
| archive-date = 2021-02-02
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210202085212/http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=15
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>
|date=January 2011}}
 
== 文學相關 ==
阿爾及爾是[[存在主義]]大師[[卡繆]]的著名小說「[[異鄉人 (卡繆)|異鄉人]]」中，大部分情節的發生地點。
 
== 名勝古蹟 ==
[[File:Mosquée Ketchaoua.jpg|thumb|right|200px|位在阿爾及爾Ketchaoua的[[凱喬娃清真寺]]]]
此地因曾遭[[腓尼基人]]、羅馬人、[[汪達爾人]]、[[阿拉伯人]]、[[土耳其人]]及[[法國人]]入侵，所以他們建下不少建築物，更成為成為今日古蹟名勝。如{{link-en|阿爾及爾城堡|Casbah of Algiers}}、[[西迪·阿布德拉赫曼爾及爾大清真寺]]、[[西迪·穆罕默德凱喬娃清真寺]]、[[賈馬·傑伊德清真寺非洲聖母聖殿]]（16世紀）、教堂、{{link-en|巴爾多國家博物館、[[ (阿爾及爾)|Bardo National Museum (Algiers)|巴爾杜多國家博物館]]、古文物博物館、國家美術館}}。
 
== 經濟 ==
第148行 ⟶ 第234行：
 
埃米爾行政部門主席Mohamed Ben Ali El Abbar，向阿爾及利亞總統[[阿卜杜勒-阿齐兹·布特弗利卡]]提出五個方案。這個方案會改變阿爾及爾及周邊的環境，阿爾及爾將會具有零售，休閒設備的城市：
#集中重組和發展基礎設施。打造位於市中心超現代的鐵路車站，打算容納超過 80,000名乘客，期望成為阿爾及爾心臟地帶，周圍將設有商業辦公室及樓宇及酒店供旅客過境。一個購物中心和三幢高層辦公樓與頂尖的商業區域將伴隨項目。
#振興海邊經濟。開發 44公里（27英里），包括前海碼頭，渠道，豪華酒店，寫字樓，公寓，豪華商店和休閒設施。一個月牙形半島將設立在公海上。該項目的海灣阿爾及爾也將包括6個小島，其中4輪的形式，由橋樑和碼頭相互連接，將包括旅遊和住宅大樓。
#調整阿爾及爾的一個地區，打造合格的“舒適城市”。薩爾瓦多 Abbar表示向記者說，綜合設施將會提供旅遊合作和福利或旅遊和休閒的用途。該大樓將包括一所大學，一個研究中心和一個醫療中心。它還應包括醫院大樓，保健，中心，酒店區，城市中心和溫泉的別墅和公寓。該大學將包括學校和一所學校的醫療護理課室將可容納 500名學生。大學校園將有可能看到建立廣泛的範圍內的建築物和住宅和研究實驗室。
#技術性的運用在一個校園位於[[西迪阿卜杜拉]]25公里（16英里）阿爾及爾的東南部。這90公頃（222英畝）的地方將包括商場，住宅區，高標準的公寓和環繞別墅和酒店的高爾夫球場。另外兩個住宅區，包括1800伙公寓和40個高標準的別墅，建立在周圍的山上。
#興建旅遊的綜合設施[[Colonel Abbès]]，位於阿爾及爾西部。這將包括一些零售區，會議場所和居住區組成，面向海景。
 
==參考文獻==
{{Commons category|Algiers}}
 
===書籍===
{{See also|Timeline of Algiers#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Algiers}}
* {{EB1911|wstitle=Algiers|volume=1|pages=653–655}}
* Carroll, David. ''Albert Camus the Algerian'' (Columbia University Press, 2007).
* Emerson, Charles. ''1913: In Search of the World Before the Great War'' (2013) compares Algiers to 20 major world cities; pp 267–79.
* {{citation |first=Nacéra |last=Benseddik |contribution=Chronique d'une Cité Antique |title=Alger: Lumières sur la Ville |series=''Actes du Colloque de l'EPAU 4–6 May 2001'' |location=Algiers |date=2004 |pages=29–34 }}. {{in lang|fr}}
* {{citation |last=Ghaki |first=Mansour |contribution=Toponymie et Onomastique Libyques: L'Apport de l'Écriture Punique/Néopunique |contribution-url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/50105050/Toponymie_et_onomastique_Lapport_de_lecriture_punique_neopunique.pdf |pages=65–71 |date=2015 |location=Naples |publisher=Unior |editor=Anna Maria di Tolla |display-editors=0 |title=La Lingua nella Vita e la Vita della Lingua: Itinerari e Percorsi degli Studi Berberi |series=Studi Africanistici: Quaderni di Studi Berberi e Libico-Berberi |volume=No. 4 |isbn=978-88-6719-125-3 |issn=2283-5636 |accessdate=2022-08-08 |archive-date=2020-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428044658/https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/50105050/Toponymie_et_onomastique_Lapport_de_lecriture_punique_neopunique.pdf |dead-url=yes }}. {{in lang|fr}}
* {{citation |last=Lipiński |first=Edward |author-link=Edward Lipinski (orientalist) |title=Itineraria Phoenicia |series=''Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta'', No.{{nbsp}}127, ''Studia Phoenicia'', Vol.{{nbsp}}XVIII |publisher=Uitgeverij Peeters |location=Leuven |date=2004 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLSzNfdcqfoC |isbn=9789042913448 }}.
 
 
{{wikivoyage}}
{{reflist}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:Algiers}}
{{全非运动会举办城市}}
{{非洲各國首都}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Algiers}}
 
[[Category:非洲首都]]
[[Category:北非沿海城市]]
[[Category:阿爾及利亞城市]]
[[Category:法语城市阿尔及尔| ]]
[[Category:阿尔及尔省市镇|A]]
{{Link GA|no}}
[[Category:巴巴里战争]]
[[Category:10世紀建立的聚居地]]
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/阿爾及爾”