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阿爾及爾：修订间差异

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第3行：
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = 阿爾及爾
|native_name = {{rtl-lang|ar|الجزائر}} {{ar icon}}<br/>Alger {{Spaces|2fr icon}}<br/> Dzayer ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ دزاير<br/>Alger {{frber icon}}
|nickname =
El-Behdja；Alger la Blanche | settlement_type=市 [[阿爾及利亞行政區劃|首都]]
|imagesize = 300px
|image_skyline = Algiers Montage.png
|image_caption = 順時針：[[地中海]]邊的建築、[[{{link-en|殉道者紀念碑]]|Martyrs' Memorial, Algiers}}、[[非洲聖母聖殿]]、[[凱喬娃清真寺]]、Casbah{{link-fr|阿爾及爾港|Port d'Alger}}、大[[阿爾及爾中央郵政局]]和[[{{link-en|阿爾及利亞財政部]]|Ministry of Finance (Algeria)}}
|image_flag =Banner of Giovine Italia.png
|image_seal = Armoiries d'AlgerAlgiers-COA.svg
|pushpin_map = Algeria
|pushpin_mapsize = 300
第29行：
|area_metro_km2 = 1800
|population_as_of = 2011
|population_footnotes = <ref name=citypop>{{Cite web|url=http://citypopulation.de/Algeria.html |title=Population of the city proper according to the 2008 census|publisher=Citypopulation.de |date= |accessdate=2010-06-27| archiveurl= httphttps://web.archive.org/web/20100615060640/http://www.citypopulation.de/Algeria.html| archivedate= 15 June 2010 <!-06-DASHBot-->15| deadurl= no}}</ref><ref name=wup>{{Cite web |url=http://esa.un.org/unup/index.asp?panel=2 |title=UN World Urbanization Prospects |publisher=Esa.un.org |date= |accessdate=2010-06-27 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/5QkbGwwBk?url=http://esa.un.org/unup/index.asp?panel=2 |archive-date=2007-07-31 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
|population_total = 3415811
|population_metro = 5,000,000
第48行：
|footnotes =
}}
'''阿爾及爾'''（{{lang-ar|{{linktext|الجزائر}}}}；{{lang-fr|Alger}}；{{lang-ber|ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ}}）為[[阿爾及利亞]]的首都及海港。現有人口三百萬，最大約佔阿爾及利亞全國人口的十分之一城市。位於[[法國]][[馬賽]]西南805公里，北濱[[地中海]]。這裡除了紡織和[[礦業]]之外根據2020年的估計，農業很發達該城市約為4,500,000人口。周圍大都會區的人口約為8,000,000人
 
阿爾及爾位於[[地中海]]和阿爾及利亞中北部海灣的西側。現代城市興建於沿海的平地上；由[[迪伊]]統治的古城位於現代城鎮後面的陡峭山丘，並設有卡斯巴城、古老的清真寺和鄂圖曼風格的宮殿遺跡，被[[聯合國教科文組織]]登錄為[[世界文化遺產]]，該城市除了紡織和[[礦業]]之外，農業也很發達。
 
== 歷史 ==
約公元980年時，[[柏柏爾人]]在[[羅馬人]]原住地建下這座古城。1518年[[奥鲁奇·雷斯]]及[[巴巴罗萨·海雷丁帕夏|海雷丁]]兩兄弟佔領並在此建立[[土耳其]]統治，迅速成為[[海盜]]活動的一個據點。1830年為法國人攻佔。[[第二次世界大戰]]中為北非盟軍總部和[[戴高樂]]臨時政府所在地。市內有1909年建立的[[阿爾及爾大學]]和1974年成立的科學技術大學。市內交通包括有[[阿尔及尔胡阿里·布迈丁机场]]及[[鐵路]]。該地並設有貿易、商業和行政部門。該地也盛產[[葡萄酒]]。
 
== 氣候 ==
阿爾及爾屬典型的[[地中海型氣候]]，[[降雨量]]為690~760[[公釐]]，大多集中於11月至3月，平均最高氣溫為攝氏15至29度。
{{Weather box
|location = 阿爾及爾([[阿尔及尔胡阿里·布迈丁机场|胡阿里·布迈丁机场]],平均數據1976–2005,極端數據1838–現在)
|location = 阿爾及爾
|width=auto
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 27.6
|Feb record high C = 31.4
|Mar record high C = 36.3
|Apr record high C = 36.5
|May record high C = 41.1
|Jun record high C = 44.6
|Jul record high C = 45.2
|Aug record high C = 47.5
|Sep record high C = 44.4
|Oct record high C = 39.5
|Nov record high C = 34.4
|Dec record high C = 30.4
|year record high C = 47.5
|Jan high C = 16.7
|Feb high C = 17.4
|Mar high C = 19.23
|Apr high C = 20.9
|May high C = 23.9
第71行 ⟶ 第87行：
|Nov high C = 20.8
|Dec high C = 17.9
|year high C = 23.657
|Jan mean C = 11.1
|Feb mean C = 11.7
|Mar mean C = 13.2
|Apr mean C = 14.9
|May mean C = 18.1
|Jun mean C = 22.2
|Jul mean C = 25.1
|Aug mean C = 26.0
|Sep mean C = 23.6
|Oct mean C = 20.1
|Nov mean C = 15.3
|Dec mean C = 12.6
|year mean C = 17.8
|Jan low C = 5.5
|Feb low C = 5.9
第85行 ⟶ 第114行：
|Dec low C = 7.2
|year low C = 11.9
|Jan record low C = -3.3
|rain colour=green
|JanFeb rainrecord mmlow C = 81-1.49
|FebMar rainrecord mmlow C = 72-1.70
|MarApr rainrecord mmlow C = 55.-0.8
|AprMay rainrecord mmlow C = 582.46
|MayJun rainrecord mmlow C = 415.95
|JunJul rainrecord mmlow C = 89.50
|JulAug rainrecord mmlow C = 49.5
|AugSep rainrecord mmlow C = 8.2
|SepOct rainrecord mmlow C = 284.31
|OctNov rainrecord mmlow C = 58-0.81
|NovDec rainrecord mmlow C = 89-2.63
|Decyear rainrecord mmlow C = 91-3.03
|precipitation colour = green
|year rain mm = 598.3
|Jan rainprecipitation daysmm = 1181.4
|Feb rainprecipitation daysmm = 1072.67
|Mar rainprecipitation daysmm = 955.70
|Apr rainprecipitation daysmm = 958.14
|May rainprecipitation daysmm = 741.39
|Jun rainprecipitation daysmm = 28.5
|Jul rainprecipitation daysmm = 14.5
|Aug rainprecipitation daysmm = 28.52
|Sep rainprecipitation daysmm = 528.3
|Oct rainprecipitation daysmm = 858.68
|Nov rainprecipitation daysmm = 1189.16
|Dec rainprecipitation daysmm = 1291.10
|year rainprecipitation daysmm = 91598.73
|unit rainprecipitation days = 0.1&nbsp; mm
|Jan precipitation days = 11.4
|source 1 = [[世界氣象組織]] ([[United Nations|UN]])<ref>{{cite web
|Feb precipitation days = 10.6
|url=http://www.worldweather.org/122/c00242.htm
|Mar precipitation days = 9.7
|title=Weather Information for Algiers
|Apr precipitation days = 9.1
|accessdate=}}</ref>
|May precipitation days = 7.3
|date=2011年1月}}
|Jun precipitation days = 2.5
|Jul precipitation days = 1.5
|Aug precipitation days = 2.5
|Sep precipitation days = 5.3
|Oct precipitation days = 8.6
|Nov precipitation days = 11.1
|Dec precipitation days = 12.1
|year precipitation days = 91.7
|Jan humidity = 71
|Feb humidity = 66
|Mar humidity = 65
|Apr humidity = 62
|May humidity = 66
|Jun humidity = 66
|Jul humidity = 67
|Aug humidity = 65
|Sep humidity = 68
|Oct humidity = 66
|Nov humidity = 68
|Dec humidity = 68
|year humidity = 67
|Jan sun = 139.5
|Feb sun = 158.2
|Mar sun = 207.7
|Apr sun = 228.0
|May sun = 300.7
|Jun sun = 300.0
|Jul sun = 353.4
|Aug sun = 325.5
|Sep sun = 267.0
|Oct sun = 198.4
|Nov sun = 153.0
|Dec sun = 145.7
|year sun = 2777.1
|Jand sun = 4.5
|Febd sun = 5.6
|Mard sun = 6.7
|Aprd sun = 7.6
|Mayd sun = 9.7
|Jund sun = 10.0
|Juld sun = 11.4
|Augd sun = 10.5
|Sepd sun = 8.9
|Octd sun = 6.4
|Novd sun = 5.1
|Decd sun = 4.7
|yeard sun = 7.6
|source 1 = [[世界气象组织]] (平均氣溫和降水量,1976–2005)<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=242
| title = World Weather Information Service–Algiers
| publisher = World Meteorological Organization
| accessdate = 16 October 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161018205356/http://worldweather.wmo.int/en/city.html?cityId=242
| archive-date = 18 October 2016
| url-status = live
}}</ref>
|source 2 = Arab Meteorology Book (濕度和日照時間),<ref name=climate>{{cite web
| url = http://extras.springer.com/2007/978-1-4020-4577-6/Book_Shahin_ISBN_9781402045776_Appendix.pdf
| title = Appendix I: Meteorological Data
| publisher = Springer
| accessdate = 16 October 2016
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072830/http://extras.springer.com/2007/978-1-4020-4577-6/Book_Shahin_ISBN_9781402045776_Appendix.pdf
| archive-date = 4 March 2016
| url-status = live
}}</ref> Meteo Climat (極高極低記錄)<ref name = meteoclimat>{{cite web
| url = http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=15
| title = Station Alger
| publisher = Meteo Climat
| language = fr
| accessdate = 16 October 2016
| archive-date = 2021-02-02
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210202085212/http://meteo-climat-bzh.dyndns.org/index.php?page=stati&id=15
| dead-url = no
}}</ref>
|date=January 2011}}
 
== 文學相關 ==
阿爾及爾是[[存在主義]]大師[[卡繆]]的著名小說「[[異鄉人 (卡繆)|異鄉人]]」中，大部分情節的發生地點。
 
== 名勝古蹟 ==
[[File:Mosquée Ketchaoua.jpg|thumb|right|200px|位在阿爾及爾Ketchaoua的[[凱喬娃清真寺]]]]
此地因曾遭[[腓尼基人]]、羅馬人、[[汪達爾人]]、[[阿拉伯人]]、[[土耳其人]]及[[法國人]]入侵，所以他們建下不少建築物，更成為成為今日古蹟名勝。如{{link-en|阿爾及爾城堡|Casbah of Algiers}}、[[西迪·阿布德拉赫曼爾及爾大清真寺]]、[[西迪·穆罕默德凱喬娃清真寺]]、[[賈馬·傑伊德清真寺非洲聖母聖殿]]（16世紀）、教堂、{{link-en|巴爾多國家博物館、[[ (阿爾及爾)|Bardo National Museum (Algiers)|巴爾杜多國家博物館]]、古文物博物館、國家美術館}}。
 
== 經濟 ==
第137行 ⟶ 第241行：
 
==參考文獻==
{{Commons category|Algiers}}
 
===書籍===
{{See also|Timeline of Algiers#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Algiers}}
* {{EB1911|wstitle=Algiers|volume=1|pages=653–655}}
* Carroll, David. ''Albert Camus the Algerian'' (Columbia University Press, 2007).
* Emerson, Charles. ''1913: In Search of the World Before the Great War'' (2013) compares Algiers to 20 major world cities; pp 267–79.
* {{citation |first=Nacéra |last=Benseddik |contribution=Chronique d'une Cité Antique |title=Alger: Lumières sur la Ville |series=''Actes du Colloque de l'EPAU 4–6 May 2001'' |location=Algiers |date=2004 |pages=29–34 }}. {{in lang|fr}}
* {{citation |last=Ghaki |first=Mansour |contribution=Toponymie et Onomastique Libyques: L'Apport de l'Écriture Punique/Néopunique |contribution-url=https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/50105050/Toponymie_et_onomastique_Lapport_de_lecriture_punique_neopunique.pdf |pages=65–71 |date=2015 |location=Naples |publisher=Unior |editor=Anna Maria di Tolla |display-editors=0 |title=La Lingua nella Vita e la Vita della Lingua: Itinerari e Percorsi degli Studi Berberi |series=Studi Africanistici: Quaderni di Studi Berberi e Libico-Berberi |volume=No. 4 |isbn=978-88-6719-125-3 |issn=2283-5636 |accessdate=2022-08-08 |archive-date=2020-04-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200428044658/https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/50105050/Toponymie_et_onomastique_Lapport_de_lecriture_punique_neopunique.pdf |dead-url=yes }}. {{in lang|fr}}
* {{citation |last=Lipiński |first=Edward |author-link=Edward Lipinski (orientalist) |title=Itineraria Phoenicia |series=''Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta'', No.{{nbsp}}127, ''Studia Phoenicia'', Vol.{{nbsp}}XVIII |publisher=Uitgeverij Peeters |location=Leuven |date=2004 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SLSzNfdcqfoC |isbn=9789042913448 }}.
 
 
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{{reflist}}
 
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Algiers}}
{{全非运动会举办城市}}
{{非洲各國首都}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Algiers}}
 
[[Category:非洲首都]]
[[Category:北非沿海城市]]
[[Category:阿爾及利亞城市]]
[[Category:法语城市]]
[[Category:阿尔及尔| ]]
[[Category:阿尔及尔省市镇|A]]
[[Category:巴巴里战争]]
[[Category:10世紀建立的聚居地]]
检索自“https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/阿爾及爾”