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Uttaradi Math

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Shri Digvijaya Rama, Shri Moola Rama, Shri Moola Sita deities at Shri Uttaradi Math.
Samsthana Pooja Vaibhava of Shri Uttaradi Matha.
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The Uttaradi Math (IAST:Śrī Uttarādi Maṭha) (also known as Uttaradi Pitha), is one of the main monasteries (matha) founded by Madhvacharya with Padmanabha Tirtha as its head to preserve and propagate Dvaita Vedanta (Tattvavada) outside Tulunadu region.[1][2][3] Uttaradi Math is one of the three primary Dvaita monasteries or Mathatraya that descended from Madhvacharya in the lineage of Padmanabha Tirtha through Jayatirtha.[4][5][6] After Jayatirtha and Vidyadhiraja Tirtha, Uttaradi Math continued in the lineage of Kavindra Tirtha (a disciple of Vidyadhiraja Tirtha) and later in the lineage of Vidyanidhi Tirtha (a disciple of Ramachandra Tirtha).[7][8] The Moola Rama and Moola Sita idols worshipped in the Uttaradi Matha have a long history and are revered among adherents.

Uttaradi Math is an important institution among the Madhvas and also respected among the Vaishnavas and the other Hindus.[9] Most of the Deshastha Madhva Brahmins and majority of Madhvas outside Tulu Nadu region are followers of this matha.[10][11][12][13] Uttaradi Math has followers across Karnataka (outside Tulunadu region), Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Bihar (especially Gaya) regions.[10][14][15]

The Uttaradi Math is one of the major Hindu monastic institutions that has historically coordinated monastic activities through satellite institutions in India, preserved Sanskrit literature and pursued Dvaita studies. The Uttaradi Math has been a library and a source of historic Sanskrit manuscripts.[16] Along with other Hindu monasteries, this matha has been active in preserving the Vedas, sponsoring students and recitals, Sanskrit scholarship, and celebrating the annual Madhva Jayanti. The current pithadhipati or the acharya holding the pontifical seat is Satyatma Tirtha, the 42nd Jagadguru in the spiritual succession of pontiffs of this matha.[17][5]

Etymology

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According to tradition, "Uttarādi" (Sanskrit: उत्तरादि) refers to "Vishnu who lifts us from the cycle of Saṃsāra" and "Matha" (Sanskrit: मठ) refers to "cloister, institute" or temple for spiritual studies.[18] It is the 494th name of Vishnu in Vishnu Sahasranama.[19]

Historian C. Hayavadana Rao says, "The Uttarādi Mutt ( i.e., the original North Mutt as it was first presided over by men drawn from the North or Uttara Desa ) is the prime pontifical seat of Madhvācharya".[20] Author H. Chittaranjan says, "Saint Padmanabha Tirtha was given Deeksha by Madhvacharya himself to spread the Dvaita school of thought in northern Karnataka region. Since the Swamiji spread the Dvaita philosophy in the northern parts of Karnataka, the Mutt established there gained the name Uttaradi Mutt".[2] Sharma opines that, "The Uttaradi Mutt has a territorial designation as its Pontificate has been occupied by Uttara-Karnatakas or Uttaradi-Karnatakas".[21]

As per traditional accounts, Uttaradi Matha was the main matha that descended from Madhvacharya through Padmanabha Tirtha, Narahari Tirtha, Madhava Tirtha, Akshobya Tirtha, Jayatirtha, Vidyadhiraja Tirtha, and Kavindra Tirtha, hence this matha is also known as "Adi Matha" or "Moola Matha" or "Moola Samsthana" or "Moola Maha Samsthana of Sri Madhvacharya" or "Padmanabha Tirtha Matha". Uttaradi Matha was also once used to be called "Sri Satyabodha Swamy Matha" after its famous peetadipathi and saint Satyabodha Tirtha of Savanur.[22]

History

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During the time's of Satyaprajna Tirtha there was a continuous conflict between the followers of Dvaita and Advaita Vedantas. According to Manimanjari and Madhva Vijaya, Ananda Tirtha was born as an incarnation of Vayu (the Wind God) to give correct interpretation of Vedanta and challenge the doctrine of Shankara, who taught Advaita Vedanta in which the individual souls or jivas were considered same as Brahman. Some Shankara's followers who were egoistic, destroyed the monasteries of their opponents and indulged in a sinful acts. The teacher Satyaprajna Tirtha was also killed, his disciple and successor Prajna Tirtha was converted to faith of Advaita by force.[23][24] However, the disciples of Satya-prajna Tirtha and Prajna Tirtha remained secretly attached to true Vedanta and continued to practice their doctrine secretly. Achyuta Preksha Tirtha, the teacher of Madhvacharya was of this line.[25]

According to tradition, it was said that at the time of Achyuta Preksha who was the pontiff of Adi matha, on the ordain of Veda Vyasa, Vayu incarnated in this world as Madhvacharya on the day of Vijaya Dashami in 1238 AD for the purpose of consolidating Hindu dharma.[26][27] Uttaradi Matha was descended from Madhva through Padmanabha Tirtha, Jayatirtha and his disciples.[28][29][1][30] The Uttaradi Matha does not have any headquarters as such, though sometimes some places have received special attention. It is mainly an itinerant institution moving and camping from place to place, busy carrying the torch of spiritual learning where ever it goes.[31]

Spread of Dvaita

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Padmanabha Tirtha and his descendants are responsible for the spread of Dvaita Vedanta outside Tulu Nadu region. Sharma says Narahari Tirtha is considered to be the forerunner of the Vaishnava devotional movement of the Dasakuta of Haridasa movement in Kannada.[32] The doctrine of Tattvavada was further carried on and was spread all over the country by Jayatirtha and his descendants.[33]

In the first quarter of the 17th century, Vidyadhisha Tirtha (16th pontiff of Uttaradi Matha) was able to gain some converts to the Madhva fold, in Bihar, from among the Brahmins of Gaya, who still profess allegiance to Madhva school.[10] Satyanatha Tirtha during his time as the peetadhipathi of Uttarādi matha visited Gaya and strengthened the hold of the matha among Gayapalas, who had been converted to Madhvism by his predecessor Vidyadhisha Tirtha.[34]

Deities worshipped

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Shri Satyatma Tirtha Swamiji worshipping Shri Moola Rama, Shri Moola Sita and other divine deities.
Shri Moola Rama and Shri Moola Sita Devi deities at Shri Uttaradi Math

Moola Rama is the supreme deity worshipped at Utttaradi Matha. Moola Rama and Moola Sita deities worshipped in Uttaradi Matha are "Chaturyuga Murthy's" (these deities has been in worship since Four Yugas). These two deities were brought by Sri Narahari Tirtha as per the orders of Sri Madhvacharya from Gajapati kings.[35][17][36] Madhvacharya passed them on to his disciple Padmanabha Tirtha.[37] Along with the Moola Rama and Moola Sita deities, the deity of Digvijaya Rama, which Madhvacharya got sculpted for himself, Vamsha Rama deity obtained by Madhava Tirtha and Prasanna Vittala deity obtained by Akshobya Tirtha are also worshipped in the matha.

Madhvacharya was presented with 8 Vyasamushtis by Vedavyasa during his return from Badrikashrama. Quoting about these Vyasamushtis, German Indologist Helmuth von Glasenapp says, five Vyasamushtis out of the eight Vyasamushtis are in Uttaradi Matha.[38] Purandara Dasa glorified 28 main deities worshipped at Uttaradi Matha along with Moola Rama and Moola Sita deities, the 5 Vyasamushtis (4 Vyasamushtis, 1 Kurma Saligrama) in one of his songs — "Madhvarayara Devatarcaneya Prasiddha Raghunatharu Poojisuva Sobagu".[39] Vijaya Dasa composed "Moola Rama Banda Suladi" on Moola Rama at Uttaradi Matha. In this song, he also describes both Moola Sita Rama once in the middle of the song.[40] Prasanna Venkata Dasa wrote "Moola Rama Mahima Suladi" describing Moola Rama at Uttaradi Matha.[41] Sanskrit Scholar V. R. Panchamukhi says, "Sri Sri Satyatmatirtha always worships the auspicious Moola Rama, the Lord of Goddess Lakshmi, always accompanied by Goddess Sīta".[42] Satyasandha Tirtha, the 26th peetadhipathi of Uttaradi Math wrote "Ashtavimshati Murti Stuti" in praise of 28 divine deities worshipped at Uttaradi Matha along with Moola Rama and Moola Sita deities.[43][44]

Bifurcation of mathas

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Madhvacharya initiated Padmanabha Tirtha as his successor to the main matha and instructed to spread Tattvavada (Dvaita) outside Tulunadu region, especially in the North Karnataka and Maharashtra regions since Padmanabha Tirtha was from Puntamba (now in Maharashtra). After Padmanabha Tirtha, Narahari Tirtha continued as the peetadhipathi of the matha and continued to spread Tattvavada in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. After him Madhava Tirtha, Akshobya Tirtha, Jayatirtha and Vidyadhiraja Tirtha occupied the throne of the main matha. As per the traditional accounts, this main matha was divided twice, so we end up with three mathas. They are Uttaradi Math, Vyasaraja Math and Raghavendra Math.[5] Out of these three mathas, Uttaradi Math is the largest.[12][13]

First bifurcation

During the times of Vidyadhiraja Tirtha (successor of Jayatirtha) the first bifurcation of the main matha took place. Main Matha continued in the lineage of Kavindra Tirtha (a disciple of Vidyadhiraja Tirtha) as Uttaradi Matha to spread Tattvavada (Dvaita) in the Northern part of Karnataka and beyond. At the same time, Rajendra Tirtha (a disciple of Vidyadhiraja Tirtha) established "Poorvadi Matha", which is now known by the name of Vyasaraja Math to spread Tattvavada (Dvaita) in the Southern parts of Karnataka and beyond until Tamil Nadu.[7][45]

Second bifurcation

The second bifurcation of the main matha took place during the times of Ramachandra Tirtha. Initially, ashrama was given to Vibudendra Tirtha by Ramachandra Tirtha, and even named as his successor. It is not known what happened but Vibudendra Tirtha couldn't return from the pilgrimage tour during Ramachandra Tirtha's last phase of life. So Ramachandra Tirtha chose to initiate another pontiff and named him "Vidyanidhi Tirtha" and declared him as his successor. Vibudendra Tirtha returned from the pilgrimage tour after the death of Ramachandra Tirtha. Hence two mathas were established. Uttaradi Matha continued in the lineage of Vidyanidhi Tirtha and the other matha was formed by Vibudendra Tirtha. It was known as "Dakshinadi Matha" or "Kumbakona Matha (which is now known by the name of Raghavendra Matha). These lineages were formed and continued for the benefit of the Madhva philosophy so that more and more individuals consequently have access to the philosophy and get Upadeśa (spiritual guidance).[46][47][48][11]

According to Surendranath Dasgupta, Uttaradi Math was divided twice, and so we end up with three mathas, the other two being Vyasaraja Math and Raghavendra Math.[5]

Uttaradi Math, along with Vyasaraja Math and Raghavendra Math, is considered to be the three premier apostolic institutions of Dvaita Vedanta and are jointly referred as Mathatraya.[4][5][6] It is the pontiffs and pandits of the Mathatraya that have been the principal architects of post-Madhva Dvaita Vedanta through the centuries.[49][50] Among the mathas outside of Tulu Nadu region, Uttaradi Matha is the largest.[13][12]

Pontifical lineage

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Origin

[edit]
Digvijaya Rama, Moola Rama and Moola Sita Devi deities worshipped in the lineage of Uttaradi Matha.

As per authoritative Hindu scriptures, "The Supreme God also wanted to bless the souls with divine knowledge, by which they can attain salvation. For this purpose, the Supreme God — Śrī Nārāyana Himself incarnated as Śrī Hamsa and adorned the pontifical seat called the Hamsa-Pīṭha."

Indian anthropologists Surajit Sinha and Baidyanath Saraswati says that:

The Uttaradi Math is age-old. Tradition claims it to have originated from the Hamsa of Bhagwata otherwise called Uttara and to have continued its existence all through the dim pre-historic past right up to the middle of the 13th century when Madhvacharya, the Supreme pre-eminent Exponent of Dvaita philosophy, brought it to the limelight and gave it the present organizational shape.[51]

List of Pontiffs

[edit]

The complete list of pontiffs (pithadhipatis/ācāryas who had taken the seat of this math is as below:[52][53] This list represents the authorized guru-paramparā (disciplic succession) of Śrī Uttaradi Math till date.

  • Śrī Haṁsa (A name of The Supreme Person/Supreme Godhead, Śrī Nārāyaṇa or Śrī Hari; Paramātmā)
  • Śrī Brahmā
  • Śrī Sanakādi
  • Śrī Dūrvāsā
  • Śrī Jñāna-nidhi Tīrtha
  • Śrī Garuḍa-vāhana Tīrtha
  • Śrī Kaivalya Tīrtha
  • Śrī Jñāneśa Tīrtha
  • Śrī Para Tīrtha
  • Śrī Satya-prajña Tīrtha
  • Śrī Prājña Tīrtha
  • Śrī Acyuta-prekṣa Tīrtha or Acyuta-Prājña Tīrtha
The list of Pithadhipatis beginning from Madhvācārya[54][55][56]
Sr. Name Reign Began C.E. Reign Ended C.E. Number of years in SarvagnaPeetha Brindavana [a] Purvashrama name[b] Portrait
1 Jagadguru Śrī Madhvācārya (Śrī Pūrnaprajña Tīrtha or Śrīmad-Ānanda Tīrtha Bhagavat-pādācārya) 1238 1317 79 - Vasudeva
2 Śrī Padmanābha Tīrtha[2][1][58] 1317 1324 7 Nava Brindavana, Hampi Shobhana Bhatta
3 Śrī Nṛhari Tīrtha[59] 1324 1333 9 Venkatapura, Hampi Shyama Shastri
4 Śrī Mādhava Tīrtha[60][61] 1333 1350 17 Mannuru Vishnu Shastri
5 Śrī Akṣhobhya Tīrtha[60] 1350 1365 15 Malkheda Govinda Shastri
6 Śrī Jaya Tīrtha[62][63] 1365 1388 23 Malkheda Dhondupant Raghunath
7 Śrī Vidyādhirāja Tīrtha[64] 1388 1392 4 Puri (but not found still) Krishna Bhatt
8 Śrī Kavīndra Tīrtha[7] 1392 1398 6 Nava Brindavana, Hampi Vishnudasacharya
9 Śrī Vāgīśa Tīrtha 1398 1406 8 Nava Brindavana, Hampi Raghunathacharya
10 Śrī Rāmacandra Tīrtha[65][66] 1406 1435 29 Yaragola Madhava Shastri
11 Śrī Vidyā-nidhi Tīrtha[67] 1435 1442 7 Yaragola Krishtacharya
12 Śrī Raghunātha Tīrtha 1442 1502 60 Malakheda Vishnu Shastri
13 Śrī Raghuvarya Tīrtha 1502 1557 55 Nava Brindavana, Hampi Ramachandra Shastri
14 Śrī Raghūttama Tīrtha 1557 1595 38 Tirukoilur Ramachandra Bhatta
15 Śrī Veda-vyāsa Tīrtha 1595 1619 24 Penugonda Anantha Vyasacharya
16 Śrī Vidyā-dhīśa Tīrtha 1619 1631 12 Ranebennur Pandurangi Narasimhacharya
17 Śrī Vedanidhi Tīrtha 1635 1638 3 Pandarpur Koratagi Pradyumnacharya
18 Śrī Satya-vrata Tīrtha 1631 1635 4 Sangli Raghunathacharya
19 Śrī Satya-nidhi Tīrtha 1638 1660 22 Kurnool Kauligi Raghupathyacharya
20 Śrī Satya-nātha Tīrtha 1660 1673 13 Veeracholapuram Narashimacharya
21 Śrī Satyābhinava Tīrtha 1673 1706 33 Nachiarkoil, Kumbhakonam Kesavacharya
22 Śrī Satya-pūrṇa Tīrtha 1706 1726 20 Kolpur (near Raichur) Kolhapur Krishnacharya
23 Śrī Satya-vijaya Tīrtha 1726 1737 11 Satya Vijaya Nagaram Pandurangi Balacharya
24 Śrī Satya-priya Tīrtha 1737 1744 7 Manamadurai Garlapad Ramacharya
25 Śrī Satya-bodha Tīrtha 1744 1783 39 Savanur Ramacharya
26 Śrī Satya-sandha Tīrtha 1783 1794 11 Mahishi Thirthahalli Haveri Ramacharya
27 Śrī Satya-vara Tīrtha 1794 1797 3 Santebidanur Haveri Krishnacharya
28 Śrī Satya-dharma Tīrtha 1797 1830 33 Holehonnur near Shivamogga City Koodli Navaratna Purushottamacharya
29 Śrī Satya-saṅkalpa Tīrtha 1830 1841 11 Mysore Navaratna Shrinivasacharya
30 Śrī Satya-santuṣṭa Tīrtha 3 July 1841 12 March 1842[9] 1 Mysore Navaratna Balacharya (Guli Balacharya)
31 Śrī Satya-parāyaṇa Tīrtha 1842 1863 21 Santebiddanur Haveri Gururayacharya
32 Śrī Satya-kāma Tīrtha 1863 1871 8 Athakuru Pachapura Srinivasacharya
33 Śrī Satyeṣṭa Tīrtha 1871 1872 1 Athakuru Hattimuttur Narasimhacharya
34 Śrī Satya-parākrama Tīrtha 1872 1879 7 Chittapura Vykar Srinivasacharya
35 Śrī Satya-vīra Tīrtha 1879 1886 7 Korlahalli Korlahalli Bhodaramacharya
36 Śrī Satya-dhīra Tīrtha 1886 1906 20 Korlahalli Korlahalli Jayaacharya
37 Śrī Satya-jñāna Tīrtha 1906 1911 5 Rajahmundry Kinhal Jayacharya
38 Śrī Satya-dhyāna Tīrtha 1911 24 March 1942 31 Pandarpur Korlahalli Sethuramacharya
39 Śrī Satya-prajña Tīrtha 24 March 1942 14 April 1945 3 Athakuru Pandurangi Jayacharya
40 Śrī Satyābhijña Tīrtha 14 April 1945 2 February 1948 3 Ranebennur Katti Venkannacharya
41 Śrī Satya-pramoda Tīrtha 2 February 1948 3 November 1997 49 Tirukoilur Guttal Gururajacharya
42 Śrī Satyātma Tīrtha (the current presiding pontiff) 3 November 1997 till date [c] - Guttal Sarvajnāchārya

Hagiology

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The "Gurucarya" is a hagiological work on the Pontiffs of the Uttaradi Mutt (from Madhvacharya down to Satyanidhi Tirtha). These floating traditions of the Mutt came to be defined and recorded during the days of Sripadaraja.[70] "Guruvamsakathakalpataru" is another hagiological work on the lives of all Madhva Pontiffs of Uttarādi Matha order up to Satyasandha Tirtha, authored by Bhimadaivajna of Bijapur.[71]

Followers

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Authors Surajit Sinha and Baidyanath Saraswati says, "An overwhelming majority of Madhvas, widely scattered all over India owes its allegiance to the Uttaradi Matha".[31] Most of the Deshastha Madhvas of Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and South India, and the whole Gayawal Brahmin community of Bihar are followers of this Matha.[28] In Karnataka, Majority of Madhvas in the districts of Bijapur, Belgaum, Dharwad, Kalaburagi (Gulbarga),[72] Gadag, Raichur,[73] Bagalkote, Haveri, Shivamogga, Bidar, Vijayanagara, Hassan,[74] Chikmagalur and Mysore are followers of this matha.[10] Scholar B. N. K. Sharma says, Majority of Madhvas in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, northern Karnataka and Maharashtra are followers of Uttaradi Matha.[75][76] Sharma says in Maharashtra, followers of Uttaradi Math are spread in the districts of Kolhapur, Sholapur, Satara, Pune, Nasik and Ahmednagar.[14] According to Times of India, there are more than 2 lakh followers of Uttaradi Math in Pune city alone.[15][14][11] Sharma says all the Thanjavur Marathi Deshastha Brahmins of Madhva Sampradaya, who migrated from Bombay-Karnataka region and Maharashtra to Thanjavur and old Mysore State when Maratha rulers occupied Thanjavur were all followers of Uttaradi Math. Sharma even says Deshastha Madhva Brahmins in former Hyderabad State are all followers of Uttaradi Math.[77]

Vidyapeethas and organizations

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The Sri Matha has established three to four Vidyapeethas most prominent among them being Sri Jayateertha Vidyapeetha in Bangalore and Sri Satyadhyana Vidyapeetha in Mumbai (Old Hindu Style Gurukuls) with boarding facilities where in students stay and continue their study in Vedas and Madhwa Shastras. Students are rigorously trained here in various branches of knowledge like Grammar, Linguistics, Logic, Mimamsa, Sankhya, Yoga, Veda, Jyotisha, Advaita, Vishistadvaita and Dvaita systems and Modern Philosophies.[78]

Sri Jayateertha Vidyapeetha

[edit]

Indian Author and Scholar Radhavallabh Tripathi says, "Sri Jayateertha Vidyapeetha was established by Sri Satyapramoda Tīrtha Swamiji in the year 1989, which presently holds more than 200 students and 15 teaching faculty members".[79] The uniqueness of this institution is that its students are specially trained under the guidance of Shri 1008 Shri Satyatma Teertha Swamiji for 12 years with initial 9 years of training at the Jayateertha Vidyapeetha Residential Campus where they attain mastery over Kāvya, Vyākaraṇa, Sahitya, Vedas, Sankhya, Yoga, Jaina, Bauddha, Shakta, Advaita, Vishistadvaita and Dvaita Philosophies under the guidance of Kulapati (chancellor) Guttala Rangacharya, Principal Vidwan Satyadhyanacharya and several other experienced Adhyapakas. During the last 3 years of the course, the students are given extensive classes in Shriman Nyaya Sudha, Tatparya Chandrika, Tarkatandava etc., on tour directly by the learned Swamiji, thus giving the student an opportunity to expand his knowledge base by way of getting exposed, at an early age, to the scholarly world, with the opportunity to meet several esteemed scholars and conducting debates and discussions with them in esteemed centres of learning across the entire country like Kashi, Prayag, Delhi, Pune, Rajahmundry etc. After successfully completing the 12-year course, the students are awarded the title "Sudha Vidwan" in a grand convocation function called the "Sudha Mangala", held at various prime centres of learning.[80] To make themselves eligible for the title the students have to present a paper orally before distinguished scholars and also take an oral exam in Shriman Nyaya Sudha, the magnum opus of Dvaita Philosophy. The candidate is tested for all-round skills and then declared to be eligible for the title by a jury of scholars headed by Satyatma Tirtha.[78][81]

Sri Satyadhyana Vidyapeetha

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Satyadhyana Vidyapeetha was founded in the year 1956 in Matunga, Mumbai by Gopalacharya Ramacharya Mahuli, a disciple of Satyadhyana Tirtha.[82] Satyadhyana Vidyapeetha is an institution of advanced learning. It caters for the needs of scholars interested in higher studies and research. By 1972, It has brought out 26 authoritative volumes on philosophy.[83] Mahuli Vidyasimhacharya is the present Kulapathi of Satyadhyana Vidyapeetha, now located in Mulund, Mumbai.[84]

Vishwa Madhwa Maha Parishat

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Main article: Vishwa Madhwa Maha Parishat

Satyatma Tirtha Maharaj the present Peetadhipathi of Uttaradi Math founded Vishwa Madhwa Maha Parishat, a non-profit, religious and social organization in 1998.[85] Thousands of books have been published until now under the publication of Vishwa Madhwa Maha Parishat. Every year a 5-day All India Madhwa Convention will be held in Dharwad under the leadership of Satyatma Tirtha Swamiji, Vishwa Madhwa Maha Parishat and Vishwa Madhwa Manahandal, in which the discourses and debates on Nyaya, Tarka, Mimamsa, Dasa literature during which pontiffs of all Madhva Mathas will grace the occasion. Every year Morethan 1 lakh devotees will attend the congregation.[86]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Brindavana refers to sacred burial places in the tradition of Uttaradi Matha.[57]
  2. ^ Purvashrama name refers to the name of the Peetadhipathi before taking Sannyasa.
  3. ^ Sannyasa accepted on: 24 April 1996) [68][69]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (Bangalore)., Volume 83. The Society (Mythic Society). 1992. p. 133. In addition to the eight Mathas at Udupi, Acharya Madhwa had also founded the Uttaradi Matha with Padmanabha and Jayateertha being its Peethadhipatis in succession.
  2. ^ a b c H. Chittaranjan (1993). Karnataka State Gazetteer: Dharwad District (including Gadag and Haveri Districts). Office of the Chief Editor, Karnataka Gazetteer. p. 123. Saint Padmanabha Tirtha was given deeksha by Madhvacharya himself to spread the Dwaita school of thought in northern Karnataka region. Since the Swamiji spread the Dwaita philosophy in the northern parts of Karnataka, the Mutt established there gained the name Uttaradi Mutt.
  3. ^ Vivek Ranjan Bhattacharya (1982). Famous Indian Sages, Their Immortal Messages, Volume 1. Sagar Publications. p. 340. Madhvacharya was the historical founder and the supreme head of the Uttaradimath - the fountain head of the Dwaita philosophy.
  4. ^ a b Sharma 2000, p. 199.
  5. ^ a b c d e Steven Rosen (30 November 1994). Vaisnavism. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. p. 132. ISBN 9788120812352.
  6. ^ a b Sharma 2000, p. 193.
  7. ^ a b c Konduri Sarojini Devi (1990). Religion in Vijayanagara Empire. Sterling Publishers. p. 133. ISBN 9788120711679. This selection of Kavindra as the successor of Vidyadhiraja, leaving Rajendra Tirtha resulted in the bifurcation of the Madhva Mathas, namely Vyasaraya Matha at Sosale headed by Rajendra Tirtha and Uttaradi Matha presided by Kavindra Tirtha.
  8. ^ Sharma 2000, p. 491.
  9. ^ a b Chinya V. Ravishankar (September 2018). Sons of Sarasvati: Late Exemplars of the Indian Intellectual Tradition. SUNY Press. p. 211. ISBN 9781438471839. Retrieved 1 September 2018.
  10. ^ a b c d Sharma 2000, p. 541.
  11. ^ a b c Vasudha Dalmia; Heinrich von Stietencron (2009). The Oxford India Hinduism Reader. Oxford University Press. p. 161. ISBN 9780198062462. Uttarādimatha, the largest single matha, to which most of the Mādhvas in Maharashtra and in eastern and northern Karnataka adhere.
  12. ^ a b c Vasudha Dalmia; Heinrich von Stietencron (2009). The Oxford India Hinduism Reader. Oxford University Press. pp. 161–162. ISBN 9780198062462. The Desastha or Kannada-Marathi Madhvas have a few mathas, of which the Uttaradimatha is the largest.
  13. ^ a b c Vasudha Dalmia; Angelika Malinar; Martin Christof (2001). Charisma and Canon: Essays on the Religious History of the Indian Subcontinent. Oxford University Press. p. 122. ISBN 9780195654530. The Desastha or Kannada- Marathi Madhvas have a few mathas, of which the Uttaradimatha is the largest;
  14. ^ a b c Sharma 2000, p. 532.
  15. ^ a b "City plays host to Uttaradi pontiff's religious rite". Times of India. 4 September 2008.
  16. ^ P. Sesha Giri Kumar (2008). Library movement and library development in Karnataka. B.R. Publishing Corporation. p. 102. ISBN 9788176465939.
  17. ^ a b Naqvī & Rao 2005, p. 774.
  18. ^ Monier Monier-Williams (1923). A Sanskrit–English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. p. 730.
  19. ^ Shri Vishnu Sahasranama: In Sanskrit with Phonetics and Brief English Translation Explaining Its Grandeur and Procedural Rituals Etc. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. 1998.
  20. ^ Conjeeveram Hayavadana Rao (1927). Mysore Gazetteer: Descriptive. the Government Press. p. 321. The Uttarādi Mutt ( i.e., the original North Mutt because it was first presided over by men drawn from the North or Uttara Desa ) is the prime pontifical seat of Madhvācharya.
  21. ^ Sharma 2000, p. 198.
  22. ^ Glasenapp 1992, p. 40.
  23. ^ Manu V. Devadevan (10 October 2016). A Prehistory of Hinduism. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 54. ISBN 9783110517378. Retrieved 10 October 2016.
  24. ^ Garry Trumpf (1992). Religious Traditions, Volumes 15-20. School of studies in religion, University of Sydney. p. 148.
  25. ^ Roshen Dalal (18 April 2014). Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide. Penguin UK. p. 771. ISBN 9788184752779. Retrieved 18 April 2014.
  26. ^ Itihas, volume 24. Government of Andhra Pradesh. 1998. p. 85. ISBN 9789854420769.
  27. ^ Surajit Sinha; Baidyanath Saraswati (1978). Ascetics of Kashi: An Anthropological Exploration. N.K. Bose Memorial Foundation. p. 133.
  28. ^ a b Kumar Suresh Singh (2003). People of India, Volume 26, Part 2. Oxford University Press. p. 955. ISBN 9788185938981.
  29. ^ Arch. Series, Issue 69. Government of Andhra Pradesh, Department of Archaeology. 1960. p. 267. The Acārya himself started Matha for the propagation of his system and it became famous as the Uttarādi Matha.
  30. ^ Karnataka State Gazetteer: Dharwad District (including Gadag and Haveri Districts). Office of the Chief Editor, Karnataka Gazetteer. 1993. p. 123. Saint Padmanabha Tirtha was given Deeksha by Madhvacharya himself to spread the Dwaita school of thought in northern Karnataka region. Since the Swamiji spread the Dwaita philosophy in the northern parts of Karnataka, the Mutt established there gained the name Uttaradi Mutt.
  31. ^ a b Surajit Sinha; Baidyanath Saraswati (1978). Ascetics of Kashi: An Anthropological Exploration. N.K.Bose Memorial Foundation. p. 134.
  32. ^ Sharma 2000, p. 228.
  33. ^ S.M.S. Chari (1 January 2018). Vaisnavism: Its Philosophy, Theology and Religious Discipline. Motilal Banarsidass. p. 32. ISBN 9788120841352.
  34. ^ Sharma 2000, p. 445.
  35. ^ Itihas: Journal of the Andhra Pradesh State Archives & Research Institute, Volume 24. Изд-во "Право и экономика". 1998. p. 86. ISBN 9789854420769.
  36. ^ "Special pujas mark Jayatirtha's aradhana mahotsava at Malkhed". The Hindu. 25 July 2015.
  37. ^ Glasenapp 1992, p. 179.
  38. ^ Glasenapp 1992, p. 199.
  39. ^ Rao 1984, p. 20.
  40. ^ Vijaya Dasa. "Moola Rama Banda Suladi".
  41. ^ Prasanna Venkata Dasa. "Moola Rama Mahima Suladi".
  42. ^ Vadiraj Raghawendracharya Panchamukhi (2002). Kāvyakusumastabakaḥ. Rāṣṭriyasaṃskr̥tavidyāpīṭham. p. 27. Sri Sri Satyatmatirtha always worships the auspicious Mula Rama, the Lord of Goddess Laxmi, always accompanied by Goddess Sīta.
  43. ^ Sharma 2000, p. 508.
  44. ^ Satyasandha Tirtha. "Ashtavimshati Murti Stuti". Youtube.
  45. ^ Sadhu Subrahmanya Sastry; V. Vijayaraghavacharya. Tirumalai-Tirupati Dēvasthānam Epigraphical Series: pt. 1. Inscriptions of Venkatapatiraya's time. Sri Mahant's Dévasthānam Press. p. 72. Vidyādhirāja Tirtha (the sixth Pontiff) or sixth successor of Uttarādi Matha) and founder of Vyāsarāya Matha), and appointed Rajendra Tirtha, as the first Pontiff of this Vyāsaraya Matha
  46. ^ Siba Pada Sen (1980). Sources of the History of India, Volume 3. Institute of Historical Studies. p. 390.
  47. ^ Purabhilekh-puratatva: Journal of the Directorate of Archives, Archaeology and Museum, Panaji-Goa, Volume 2. The Directorate. 2001. p. 90.
  48. ^ The Quarterly Journal of the Mythic Society (Bangalore)., Volume 83. Mythic Society. 1992. p. 133.
  49. ^ B. N. Hebbar (2004). Viśiṣṭādvaita and Dvaita: A Systematic and Comparative Study of the Two Schools of Vedānta with Special Reference to Some Doctrinal Controversies. Bharatiya Granth Niketan. p. 29. ISBN 9788189211011.
  50. ^ The Illustrated Weekly of India. Bennett, Coleman & Company, Limited, at the Times of India Press. 1972. p. 21. Apart from the eight maths, three important maths outside Udipi have played a significant part in upholding and spreading the message of Dvaita: the Uttaradi Math (Bangalore) and the Raghavendraswami Math (Nanjangud) and the Vyasaraya Math (Sosale). Particularly mention must be made of the outstanding contribution of the late Satyadhyanatirtha of the Uttaradi Math - a giant intellectual indeed.
  51. ^ Surajit Sinha; Baidyanath Saraswati (1978). Ascetics of Kashi: An Anthropological Exploration. N.K. Bose Memorial Foundation. p. 133. The Uttaradi mutt is age-old. Tradition claims it to have originated from the Hamsa of Bhagwata otherwise called Uttara and to have continued its existence all through the dim pre-historic past right upto the middle of the 13th century when Madhvacharya, the Supreme pre-eminent Exponent of Dwaita philosophy, brought it to limelight and gave it the present organizational shape.
  52. ^ Sūrya Siddhānta Pañcāṅgam (astrological almanac) of Śrīmad Uttarādi Maṭha, 2010-2011 AD
  53. ^ "Uttaradi Math - Parampara".
  54. ^ Surendranath Dasgupta (1975). A History of Indian Philosophy, Volume 4. Motilal Banarsidass Publications. p. 56. ISBN 9788120804159.
  55. ^ Naqvī & Rao 2005, p. 779.
  56. ^ Sharat Chandrika Rajagopal (1987). Rethinking Hinduism: A Renewed Approach to the Study of "sect" and an Examination of Its Relationship to Caste : a Study in the Anthropology of Religion, Volume 2. University of Minnesota. p. 347.
  57. ^ Karnataka State Gazetteer: Dharwad District (including Gadag and Haveri Districts). Office of the Chief Editor, Karnataka Gazetteer. 1993. p. 123.
  58. ^ Pandurang Bhimarao Desai (1971). Studies in Indian history and culture: volume presented to Dr. P. B. Desai ... on the occasion of his completing sixty years. Karnatak University. p. 463. Vijayadhvajacharya belongs to the line of pontiffs of the Pejavara Matha which is one of the eight Mathas at Udipi.... of Sode Matha and Madhvacharya's brother) and Padmanabhatirtha (the founder of Uttaradi Matha) were conscerated.
  59. ^ Giri S. Dikshit; Saklespur Srikantaya (1988). Early Vijayanagara: studies in its history & culture : proceedings of S. Srikantaya Centenary Seminar. B.M.S. Memorial Foundation. Sri Nara- haritirtha's Matha continued at Simhachalam while Sri Madhvacharya's direct line continued as Uttaradi Matha.
  60. ^ a b T. V. Mahalingam (1975). Administration and Social Life Under Vijayanagar: Social life. University of Madras. p. 200. Madhava Tirtha was a great scholar who presided over the Uttaradi matha established by Madhvācārya . He was succeeded by Akşobhya Tirtha who was a contemporary of Vidyāraṇya.
  61. ^ Naqvī & Rao 2005, p. 774. "Sri Madhava tirtha, the immediate disciple and successor of Narahari Tirtha occupied the pontificate throne of Sri Uttaradhi Mutt and flourished between A.D 1333 to A.D 1350."
  62. ^ Nina Mirnig; Peter-Daniel Szanto; Michael Williams (23 December 2013). Puspika: Tracing Ancient India Through Texts and Traditions: Contributions to Current Research in Indology Volume I. Oxbow Books. p. 453. ISBN 9781842173855. Retrieved 23 December 2013.
  63. ^ Steven J. Rosen (2006). Journal of Vaiṣṇava Studies, Volumes 15-16. Journal of Vaishnava Studies. p. 185. Jayatirtha (1335-1385) was the pontiff of Uttaradi Math, a monastic institution founded by Madhva, and was the author of important commentaries on madhva's most prominent works
  64. ^ Naqvī & Rao 2005, p. 777. "Sri Vidyadhiraja Tirtha, the disciple and a worthy successor of Jaya Tirtha who occupied the throne of Vedanta Samrajya of the Uttaradi Mutt."
  65. ^ Siba Pada Sen (1980). Sources of the history of India, Volume 3. Institute of Historical Studies. p. 390. Sri Vibudendra Tirtha founded the Kumbhakona Matha on account of his quarrel with his Guru Sri Ramchandra Tirtha of the Uttaradi Matha.
  66. ^ Purabhilekh-puratatva: Journal of the Directorate of Archives, Archaeology and Museum, Panaji-Goa, Volume 2. The Directorate. 2001. p. 90. This matha was established by one Vibhdeendra Teertha in the middle of the 15th century. He was the spiritual progenitor of Sri Ramachandra Teertha of the Uttaradi matha. Both belong to Dvaita philosophy.
  67. ^ Keshav Mutalik (1987). Guru Raghavendra Swamy, a Tribute. Somaiya Publications. p. 74. Since Vibhudendra was not quickly available and since the pooja had to continue unbroken, another disciple was initiated to the Sanyas . He was Vidyanidhi Teertha (1298 to 1366). After Vibhudendra returned there were two heads of the same line. So, Vidyanidhi Teertha continued the line popularly known as Uttaradi Math and Vibhudend ra Teertha continued another branch which is known after illustrious Raghavendra Swamy and is called the Rayara Math (Raghavendra is affectionately known as Rayaru).
  68. ^ "Uttaradi Math - Sri Satyatma Tirtha". Archived from the original on 8 August 2012. Retrieved 28 June 2010.
  69. ^ Sharma 2000, p. 650.
  70. ^ B. N. Krishnamurti Sharma (1981). History of the Dvaita School of Vedānta and Its Literature: From the Earliest Beginnings to Our Own Time. Motilal Banarsidass Publications. p. 194. ISBN 9780836407549.
  71. ^ C. Panduranga Bhatta; G. John Samuel; Shu Hikosaka; M. S. Nagarajan (1997). Contribution of Karṇāṭaka to Sanskrit. Institute of Asian Studies. p. 117.
  72. ^ Karnataka State Gazetteer: Gulbarga. Karnataka (India) Director of Printing, Stationery and Publications at the Government Press. 1966. p. 75. Among the Brahmins, Madhvas are found in considerable number. They are scattered in all taluks of the district and are followers of Uttaradi Matha.
  73. ^ Karnataka State Gazetteer: Raichur. Director of Printing, Stationery and Publications at the Government Press. 1970. p. 110. Nearly 75 per cent of the Madhvas in the district are adherents of the Uttaradi Matha, and the rest follow the Nanjangud Rayara Matha.
  74. ^ Karnataka State Gazetteer: Hassan. Director of Print., Stationery and Publications at the Government Press. 1971. p. 119. The Madhvas in Hassan district are the followers of Shri Uttaradi Matha which had its are origin at Holenarsipur.
  75. ^ Sharma 2000, pp. 197–199.
  76. ^ Sharma 2000, p. 542.
  77. ^ Sharma 2000, pp. 543–544.
  78. ^ a b "Vedas continue to live here". The Times of India. 3 June 2012. Retrieved 3 June 2012.
  79. ^ Radhavallabh Tripathi (2012). Ṣaṣṭyabdasaṃskr̥tam: India. Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan. p. 198. ISBN 9788124606292.
  80. ^ "Worldly pleasures are like water bubbles: Seer". Times of India. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
  81. ^ "Torchbearers of tradition". The New Indian Express. 15 May 2012.
  82. ^ "A Year Later". Mumbai Mirror, India Times. 22 May 2010.
  83. ^ The Illustrated Weekly of India, Volume 93. The Times of India Press. 1972. p. 21.
  84. ^ Keshav Mutalik (1 January 1995). Songs of Divinity: Songs of the Bards (dasas) of Karnatak Translated Into English. Focus Publications. p. 4. ISBN 9788171547883.
  85. ^ Tripathi 2012, p. 204.
  86. ^ "5-day meet to dwell on Madhwa philosophy". Times of India. 29 November 2012.

Bibliography

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