„Kara Murad Pascha“ – Versionsunterschied

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{{Other uses|Murat Pasha}}
{{Infobox Officeholder
{{Infobox Officeholder
| honorific-prefix =Kara Dev
| honorific-prefix = [[wikt:kara#Turkish|Kara]] [[wikt:dev#Turkish|Dev]]
| name =Murat
| name = Murat
| honorific-suffix =[[Pasha]]
| honorific-suffix = [[Pasha]]
| image =
| image =
| imagesize =250px
| imagesize = 250px
| smallimage =
| smallimage =
| caption =
| caption =
| order =
| order =
| office =[[Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire|Grand Vizier]]
| office1 = [[Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire]]
| term_start =
| monarch1 = [[Mehmet IV]]
| term_end =
| term_start1 = 11 May 1655
| order1 =
| term_end1 = 19 August 1655
| office1 =
| predecessor1 = [[Ibşir Mustafa Pasha]]
| term_start1 =May 21, 1649
| successor1 = [[Ermeni Süleyman Pasha]]
⚫
| term_end1 =August 5, 1650
⚫
| predecessor1 =[[Sofu Mehmet Pasha]]
⚫
| successor1 =[[Melek Ahmet Pasha]]
| order2 =
| order2 =
| office2 =
| office2 =
| term_start2 =May 11, 1655
| monarch2 = [[Mehmet IV]]
| term_end2 =August 19, 1655
| term_start2 = 21 May 1649
⚫
| term_end2 = 5 August 1650
⚫
| predecessor2 = [[Sofu Mehmet Pasha]]
⚫
| successor2 = [[Melek Ahmet Pasha]]
| order3 =
| order3 =
| office3 =
| office3 =
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| birth_date =
| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| birth_place =
| death_date =1655
| death_date = 1655
| death_place =[[Hama]], [[Syria]]
| death_place = [[Hama]], [[Syria]]
| nationality =[[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]]
| nationality = [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]]
| party =
| party =
| spouse =
| spouse =
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| occupation =
| occupation =
| profession =
| profession =
| religion =[[Sunni]], [[Islam]]
| religion = [[Sunni]] [[Islam]]
| signature =
| signature =
| website =
| website =
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
|predecessor2 = [[İpşiri Mustafa Pasha]]|successor2 = [[Ermeni Suleyman Pasha]]|monarch1 = [[Mehmet IV]]|monarch2 = [[Mehmet IV]]}}'''Kara Murat Pasha''', or '''Kara Dev Murat Pasha''' ([[Turkish language|Turkish]], lit. "Giant Black Murat Pasha"; died 1655), was a mid-17th century [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] statesman and military officer. He served as [[list of Kapudan Pashas|Kapudan Pasha]] and twice as [[list of Ottoman Grand Viziers|Grand Vizier]]. His epithets ''{{linktext|Kara}}'' (literally, "black") refer to his courage and ''{{linktext|Dev}}'' ("giant") to his size.
'''Kara Murat Pasha''', or '''Kara Dev Murat Pasha''' ([[Turkish language|Turkish]], lit. ''Giant Black Murat Pasha''; died 1655), was an [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] statesman and military officer. He served as [[list of Kapudan Pashas|Kapudan Pasha]] and twice as [[Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire|Grand Vizier]]. His epithets ''[[wikt:kara#Turkish|Kara]]'' ("black") refer to his courage and ''[[wikt:dev#Turkish|Dev]]'' ("giant") to his physical size.


== Early years ==
== Early years ==
Murat was a [[devshirme]] of [[Albanian people|Albanian]] origin. He distinguished himself in the early phases of [[Cretan War (1645–1669)|Cretan War]] between the Ottoman Empire and the [[Republic of Venice]]. He was assigned to various posts in the [[Janissary]] corps (the professional regiments that formed the core of the [[Ottoman army]]), and in 1648, during the enthronement of [[Mehmed IV]], he was promoted to be commander of the Janissary corps ({{lang-tr|Yeniçeri ağası}}).<ref name="Buz">Ayhan Buz:Osmanlı Sadrazamları, Neden Kitap, istanbul, 2009, ISBN 978-975-254-278-5 pp105-106</ref> When the [[Ottoman Navy]] was defeated by the Venetians in the [[Battle of Focchies]] on May 12, 1649, the Grand Vizier [[Sofu Mehmet Pasha]] was blamed for the defeat, and he was replaced by Kara Murat Pasha on May 21. Murat had Sofu Mehmet Pasha exiled and then executed.
Murat was a [[devshirme]] of [[Albanian people|Albanian]] origin. He distinguished himself in the early phases of [[Cretan War (1645–1669)|Cretan War]] between the Ottoman Empire and the [[Republic of Venice]]. He was assigned to various posts in the [[Janissary]] corps (the professional regiments that formed the core of the [[Ottoman army]]), and in 1648, during the enthronement of [[Mehmed IV]], he was promoted to be commander of the Janissary corps ({{lang-tr|Yeniçeri ağası}}).<ref name="Buz">Ayhan Buz:Osmanlı Sadrazamları, Neden Kitap, istanbul, 2009, ISBN 978-975-254-278-5 pp105-106</ref> When the [[Ottoman Navy]] was defeated by the Venetians in the [[Battle of Focchies]] on 12 May 1649, the Grand Vizier [[Sofu Mehmet Pasha]] was blamed for the defeat, and he was replaced by Kara Murat Pasha on 21 May. Murat had Sofu Mehmet Pasha exiled and then executed.


== First term as Grand Vizier ==
== First term as Grand Vizier ==
The Ottoman Empire was undergoing a prolonged period of stagnation in the first half of the 17th century, characterized by insecure and weak sultans and palace intrigues, the [[Sultanate of Women]]. At the time of Murat's appointment as Grand Vizier, the sultan was only seven years old and the two [[Valide sultan]]s (his mother [[Turhan Hatice]] and grand mother [[Kösem]]), who were acting as regents, were locked in a power struggle. While Kösem supported Murat, Turhan Hatice was against him. Moreover, the leaders of the Janissaries, Murat's former colleagues, were also against him. Feeling that his life was in danger, Murat resigned on August 5, 1650.<ref>Prof. Yaşar Yüce-Prof. Ali Sevim: Türkiye tarihi Cilt III, AKDTYKTTK Yayınları, İstanbul, 1991 p 103-104</ref> Upon his suggestion, he was succeeded by [[Melek Ahmet Pasha]].
The Ottoman Empire was undergoing a prolonged period of stagnation in the first half of the 17th century, characterized by insecure and weak sultans and palace intrigues, the [[Sultanate of Women]]. At the time of Murat's appointment as Grand Vizier, the sultan was only seven years old and the two [[Valide sultan]]s (his mother [[Turhan Hatice]] and grand mother [[Kösem]]), who were acting as regents, were locked in a power struggle. While Kösem supported Murat, Turhan Hatice was against him. Moreover, the leaders of the Janissaries, Murat's former colleagues, were also against him. Feeling that his life was in danger, Murat resigned on 5 August 1650.<ref>Prof. Yaşar Yüce-Prof. Ali Sevim: Türkiye tarihi Cilt III, AKDTYKTTK Yayınları, İstanbul, 1991 p 103-104</ref> Upon his suggestion, he was succeeded by [[Melek Ahmet Pasha]].


After his resignation, Murat was appointed as the governor of [[Budin Province, Ottoman Empire|Budin]] (modern [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]]). In 1653, he returned to [[Istanbul]] and was appointed [[Kapudan Pasha]] (Grand Admiral) and tasked with transporting reinforcements and ammunition to [[Crete]] by sea. The Venetian navy was blockading the [[Dardanelles Strait]] at the time, but Murat managed to defeat the Venetians and break their blockade in the [[Battle of the Dardanelles (1654)|First Battle of the Dardanelles]].<ref name="Buz"/>
After his resignation, Murat was appointed as the governor of [[Budin Province, Ottoman Empire|Budin]] (modern [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]]). In 1653, he returned to [[Istanbul]] and was appointed [[Kapudan Pasha]] (Grand Admiral) and tasked with transporting reinforcements and ammunition to [[Crete]] by sea. The Venetian navy was blockading the [[Dardanelles Strait]] at the time, but Murat managed to defeat the Venetians and break their blockade in the [[Battle of the Dardanelles (1654)|First Battle of the Dardanelles]].<ref name="Buz"/>


== Second term as Grand Vizier and death ==
== Second term as Grand Vizier and death ==
Murat Pasha was reappointed as the Grand Vizier on May 11, 1655. His second term was very short; due to economic problems as well as opposition from the Janissaries, he had to resign on August 19, 1655. He was then appointed to the governorship of [[Eyalet of Damascus|Damascus]] in [[Syria]], but along the way to take up the post, he fell ill and died. It is interesting to note that in the five years between his two terms, six different [[pasha]]s were appointed Grand Viziers, an indication of the political instability of the empire in the mid-17th century.
Murat Pasha was reappointed as the Grand Vizier on 11 May 1655. His second term was very short; due to economic problems as well as opposition from the Janissaries, he had to resign on 19 August 1655. He was then appointed to the governorship of [[Eyalet of Damascus|Damascus]] in [[Syria]], but along the way to take up the post, he fell ill and died. It is interesting to note that in the five years between his two terms, six different [[pasha]]s were appointed Grand Viziers, an indication of the political instability of the empire in the mid-17th century.


==See also==
==See also==
*[[List of Ottoman Grand Viziers]]
*[[List of Ottoman Grand Viziers]]


== References ==
==References==
{{reflist}}
<references/>


{{s-start}}
{{s-start}}
{{s-off}}
⚫
{{succession box|title=[[Grand Vizier]]|before=[[Sofu Mehmet Pasha]]|after=[[Melek Ahmet Pasha]]|years=21 May 1649 – 5 August 1650}}
{{succession box|title=[[Grand Vizier]]|before=[[İpşiri Mustafa Pasha]]|after=[[Ermeni Süleyman Pasha]]|years=11 May 1655 – 19 August 1655}}
{{succession box|title=[[Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire]]|before=[[Sofu Mehmet Pasha]]|after=[[Melek Ahmet Pasha]]|years=21 May 1649 – 5 August 1650}}
⚫
{{succession box|title=[[Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire]]|before=[[Ibşir Mustafa Pasha]]|after=[[Ermeni Süleyman Pasha]]|years=11 May 1655 – 19 August 1655}}
{{s-end}}
{{s-end}}


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| NAME = Kara Murat Pasha
| NAME = Kara Murat Pasha
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Grand Vizier of Ottoman Empire and Admiral
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = [[Grand Vizier of Ottoman Empire]] and [[Kapudan Pasha]]
| DATE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF BIRTH =
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| PLACE OF BIRTH =

Version vom 3. November 2013, 21:01 Uhr

Vorlage:Use dmy dates Vorlage:Other uses Vorlage:Infobox Officeholder Kara Murat Pasha, or Kara Dev Murat Pasha (Turkish, lit. Giant Black Murat Pasha; died 1655), was an Ottoman statesman and military officer. He served as Kapudan Pasha and twice as Grand Vizier. His epithets Kara ("black") refer to his courage and Dev ("giant") to his physical size.

Early years

Murat was a devshirme of Albanian origin. He distinguished himself in the early phases of Cretan War between the Ottoman Empire and the Republic of Venice. He was assigned to various posts in the Janissary corps (the professional regiments that formed the core of the Ottoman army), and in 1648, during the enthronement of Mehmed IV, he was promoted to be commander of the Janissary corps (Vorlage:Lang-tr).[1] When the Ottoman Navy was defeated by the Venetians in the Battle of Focchies on 12 May 1649, the Grand Vizier Sofu Mehmet Pasha was blamed for the defeat, and he was replaced by Kara Murat Pasha on 21 May. Murat had Sofu Mehmet Pasha exiled and then executed.

First term as Grand Vizier

The Ottoman Empire was undergoing a prolonged period of stagnation in the first half of the 17th century, characterized by insecure and weak sultans and palace intrigues, the Sultanate of Women. At the time of Murat's appointment as Grand Vizier, the sultan was only seven years old and the two Valide sultans (his mother Turhan Hatice and grand mother Kösem), who were acting as regents, were locked in a power struggle. While Kösem supported Murat, Turhan Hatice was against him. Moreover, the leaders of the Janissaries, Murat's former colleagues, were also against him. Feeling that his life was in danger, Murat resigned on 5 August 1650.[2] Upon his suggestion, he was succeeded by Melek Ahmet Pasha.

After his resignation, Murat was appointed as the governor of Budin (modern Budapest, Hungary). In 1653, he returned to Istanbul and was appointed Kapudan Pasha (Grand Admiral) and tasked with transporting reinforcements and ammunition to Crete by sea. The Venetian navy was blockading the Dardanelles Strait at the time, but Murat managed to defeat the Venetians and break their blockade in the First Battle of the Dardanelles.[1]

Second term as Grand Vizier and death

Murat Pasha was reappointed as the Grand Vizier on 11 May 1655. His second term was very short; due to economic problems as well as opposition from the Janissaries, he had to resign on 19 August 1655. He was then appointed to the governorship of Damascus in Syria, but along the way to take up the post, he fell ill and died. It is interesting to note that in the five years between his two terms, six different pashas were appointed Grand Viziers, an indication of the political instability of the empire in the mid-17th century.

See also

References

Vorlage:Reflist

Vorlage:S-start Vorlage:S-off Vorlage:Succession box Vorlage:Succession box Vorlage:S-end

Vorlage:Grand Viziers of Ottoman Empire

Vorlage:Persondata

  1. ↑ a b Ayhan Buz:Osmanlı Sadrazamları, Neden Kitap, istanbul, 2009, ISBN 978-975-254-278-5 pp105-106
  2. ↑ Prof. Yaşar Yüce-Prof. Ali Sevim: Türkiye tarihi Cilt III, AKDTYKTTK Yayınları, İstanbul, 1991 p 103-104
Abgerufen von „https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kara_Murad_Pascha&oldid=199616163“