„RAN-Translation“ – Versionsunterschied

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{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=May 2016}}
{{Userspace draft|source=ArticleWizard|date=May 2016}}


'''RAN translation''' or '''R'''epeat '''A'''ssociated '''N'''on-ATG translation is an irregular mode of [[messenger RNA|mRNA]] [[translation]] initiation that can occur in eukaryotic cells.<ref name="CopenhaverPearson2011">{{cite journal|last1=Copenhaver|first1=Gregory P.|last2=Pearson|first2=Christopher E.|title=Repeat Associated Non-ATG Translation Initiation: One DNA, Two Transcripts, Seven Reading Frames, Potentially Nine Toxic Entities!|journal=PLoS Genetics|volume=7|issue=3|year=2011|pages=e1002018|issn=1553-7404|doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1002018}}</ref>
'''RAN translation''' or '''R'''epeat '''A'''ssociated '''N'''on-ATG translation is an irregular mode of [[messenger RNA|mRNA]] [[translation]] initiation that can occur in eukaryotic cells. <ref name="ZuGibbens2010">{{cite journal|last1=Zu|first1=T.|last2=Gibbens|first2=B.|last3=Doty|first3=N. S.|last4=Gomes-Pereira|first4=M.|last5=Huguet|first5=A.|last6=Stone|first6=M. D.|last7=Margolis|first7=J.|last8=Peterson|first8=M.|last9=Markowski|first9=T. W.|last10=Ingram|first10=M. A. C.|last11=Nan|first11=Z.|last12=Forster|first12=C.|last13=Low|first13=W. C.|last14=Schoser|first14=B.|last15=Somia|first15=N. V.|last16=Clark|first16=H. B.|last17=Schmechel|first17=S.|last18=Bitterman|first18=P. B.|last19=Gourdon|first19=G.|last20=Swanson|first20=M. S.|last21=Moseley|first21=M.|last22=Ranum|first22=L. P. W.|title=Non-ATG-initiated translation directed by microsatellite expansions|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=108|issue=1|year=2010|pages=260–265|issn=0027-8424|doi=10.1073/pnas.1013343108}}</ref><ref name="CopenhaverPearson2011">{{cite journal|last1=Copenhaver|first1=Gregory P.|last2=Pearson|first2=Christopher E.|title=Repeat Associated Non-ATG Translation Initiation: One DNA, Two Transcripts, Seven Reading Frames, Potentially Nine Toxic Entities!|journal=PLoS Genetics|volume=7|issue=3|year=2011|pages=e1002018|issn=1553-7404|doi=10.1371/journal.pgen.1002018}}</ref>


== Mechanism ==
== Mechanism ==
For the majority of eukaryotic [[messenger RNA|messenger RNAs (mRNAs)]], translation initiates from a methionine-encoding AUG [[start codon]] following the molecular processes of 'cap-binding' and 'scanning' by ribosomal pre-initiation complexes (PICs). In rare exceptions, such as translation by viral [[Internal ribosome entry site|IRES]]-containing mRNAs, 'cap-binding' and 'scanning' are not required for initiation although AUG is still typically used as the first codon. RAN translation is an exception to the canonical rules as it has variable start site selection and can initiate for a non-AUG codon, but may still depend on 'cap-binding' and 'scanning'.<ref name="CoxCooper2016">{{cite journal|last1=Cox|first1=Diana C.|last2=Cooper|first2=Thomas A.|title=Non-canonical RAN Translation of CGG Repeats Has Canonical Requirements|journal=Molecular Cell|volume=62|issue=2|year=2016|pages=155–156|issn=10972765|doi=10.1016/j.molcel.2016.04.004}}</ref>
For the majority of eukaryotic [[messenger RNA|messenger RNAs (mRNAs)]], translation initiates from a methionine-encoding AUG [[start codon]] following the molecular processes of 'cap-binding' and 'scanning' by ribosomal pre-initiation complexes (PICs). In rare exceptions, such as translation by viral [[Internal ribosome entry site|IRES]]-containing mRNAs, 'cap-binding' and/or 'scanning' are not required for initiation, although AUG is still typically used as the first codon. RAN translation is an exception to the canonical rules as it has a variable start site selection and initiates for a non-AUG codon, but may still depend on 'cap-binding' and 'scanning'.<ref name="CoxCooper2016">{{cite journal|last1=Cox|first1=Diana C.|last2=Cooper|first2=Thomas A.|title=Non-canonical RAN Translation of CGG Repeats Has Canonical Requirements|journal=Molecular Cell|volume=62|issue=2|year=2016|pages=155–156|issn=10972765|doi=10.1016/j.molcel.2016.04.004}}</ref>


== Disease ==
== Disease ==



<ref name="ZuGibbens2010">{{cite journal|last1=Zu|first1=T.|last2=Gibbens|first2=B.|last3=Doty|first3=N. S.|last4=Gomes-Pereira|first4=M.|last5=Huguet|first5=A.|last6=Stone|first6=M. D.|last7=Margolis|first7=J.|last8=Peterson|first8=M.|last9=Markowski|first9=T. W.|last10=Ingram|first10=M. A. C.|last11=Nan|first11=Z.|last12=Forster|first12=C.|last13=Low|first13=W. C.|last14=Schoser|first14=B.|last15=Somia|first15=N. V.|last16=Clark|first16=H. B.|last17=Schmechel|first17=S.|last18=Bitterman|first18=P. B.|last19=Gourdon|first19=G.|last20=Swanson|first20=M. S.|last21=Moseley|first21=M.|last22=Ranum|first22=L. P. W.|title=Non-ATG-initiated translation directed by microsatellite expansions|journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences|volume=108|issue=1|year=2010|pages=260–265|issn=0027-8424|doi=10.1073/pnas.1013343108}}</ref>


<ref name="RenouxTodd2012">{{cite journal|last1=Renoux|first1=Abigail J.|last2=Todd|first2=Peter K.|title=Neurodegeneration the RNA way|journal=Progress in Neurobiology|volume=97|issue=2|year=2012|pages=173–189|issn=03010082|doi=10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.10.006}}</ref>
<ref name="RenouxTodd2012">{{cite journal|last1=Renoux|first1=Abigail J.|last2=Todd|first2=Peter K.|title=Neurodegeneration the RNA way|journal=Progress in Neurobiology|volume=97|issue=2|year=2012|pages=173–189|issn=03010082|doi=10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.10.006}}</ref>

Version vom 26. Dezember 2016, 06:39 Uhr

Vorlage:Userspace draft

RAN translation or Repeat Associated Non-ATG translation is an irregular mode of mRNA translation initiation that can occur in eukaryotic cells. [1][2]

Mechanism

For the majority of eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs), translation initiates from a methionine-encoding AUG start codon following the molecular processes of 'cap-binding' and 'scanning' by ribosomal pre-initiation complexes (PICs). In rare exceptions, such as translation by viral IRES-containing mRNAs, 'cap-binding' and/or 'scanning' are not required for initiation, although AUG is still typically used as the first codon. RAN translation is an exception to the canonical rules as it has a variable start site selection and initiates for a non-AUG codon, but may still depend on 'cap-binding' and 'scanning'.[3]

Disease

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

See also

References

Vorlage:Reflist


  1. ↑ T. Zu, B. Gibbens, N. S. Doty, M. Gomes-Pereira, A. Huguet, M. D. Stone, J. Margolis, M. Peterson, T. W. Markowski, M. A. C. Ingram, Z. Nan, C. Forster, W. C. Low, B. Schoser, N. V. Somia, H. B. Clark, S. Schmechel, P. B. Bitterman, G. Gourdon, M. S. Swanson, M. Moseley, L. P. W. Ranum: Non-ATG-initiated translation directed by microsatellite expansions. In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108. Jahrgang, Nr. 1, 2010, ISSN 0027-8424, S. 260–265, doi:10.1073/pnas.1013343108.
  2. ↑ Gregory P. Copenhaver, Christopher E. Pearson: Repeat Associated Non-ATG Translation Initiation: One DNA, Two Transcripts, Seven Reading Frames, Potentially Nine Toxic Entities! In: PLoS Genetics. 7. Jahrgang, Nr. 3, 2011, ISSN 1553-7404, S. e1002018, doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002018.
  3. ↑ Diana C. Cox, Thomas A. Cooper: Non-canonical RAN Translation of CGG Repeats Has Canonical Requirements. In: Molecular Cell. 62. Jahrgang, Nr. 2, 2016, ISSN 1097-2765, S. 155–156, doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2016.04.004.
  4. ↑ Abigail J. Renoux, Peter K. Todd: Neurodegeneration the RNA way. In: Progress in Neurobiology. 97. Jahrgang, Nr. 2, 2012, ISSN 0301-0082, S. 173–189, doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.10.006.
  5. ↑ Paulina Strzyz: Translation: The features of pathologic RAN translation. In: Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 17. Jahrgang, Nr. 5, 2016, ISSN 1471-0072, S. 264–264, doi:10.1038/nrm.2016.52.
  6. ↑ Monica Bañez-Coronel, Fatma Ayhan, Alex D. Tarabochia, Tao Zu, Barbara A. Perez, Solaleh Khoramian Tusi, Olga Pletnikova, David R. Borchelt, Christopher A. Ross, Russell L. Margolis, Anthony T. Yachnis, Juan C. Troncoso, Laura P.W. Ranum: RAN Translation in Huntington Disease. In: Neuron. 88. Jahrgang, Nr. 4, 2015, ISSN 0896-6273, S. 667–677, doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.10.038.
  7. ↑ Michael G. Kearse, Katelyn M. Green, Amy Krans, Caitlin M. Rodriguez, Alexander E. Linsalata, Aaron C. Goldstrohm, Peter K. Todd: CGG Repeat-Associated Non-AUG Translation Utilizes a Cap-Dependent Scanning Mechanism of Initiation to Produce Toxic Proteins. In: Molecular Cell. 62. Jahrgang, Nr. 2, 2016, ISSN 1097-2765, S. 314–322, doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2016.02.034.
  8. ↑ Katelyn M. Green, Alexander E. Linsalata, Peter K. Todd: RAN translation—What makes it run? In: Brain Research. 1647. Jahrgang, 2016, ISSN 0006-8993, S. 30–42, doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.04.003.
  9. ↑ K. Mori, S.-M. Weng, T. Arzberger, S. May, K. Rentzsch, E. Kremmer, B. Schmid, H. A. Kretzschmar, M. Cruts, C. Van Broeckhoven, C. Haass, D. Edbauer: The C9orf72 GGGGCC Repeat Is Translated into Aggregating Dipeptide-Repeat Proteins in FTLD/ALS. In: Science. 339. Jahrgang, Nr. 6125, 2013, ISSN 0036-8075, S. 1335–1338, doi:10.1126/science.1232927.
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