丙

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丙 U+4E19, 丙
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E19
← 丘
[U+4E18] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 业 →
[U+4E1A]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

丙 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 一人月 (MOB), four-corner 10227, composition ⿱一内)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №515

Derived characters

Further reading

Chinese Wikisource has digitized text of the Kangxi Dictionary entry for 丙:
[[wikisource:zh:康熙字典/一部/四畫#丙|一部/四畫]]

Wikisource


  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 78, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35
  • Dae Jaweon: page 156, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 16, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+4E19

Chinese

simp. and trad.
 丙

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 丙
Shang Western Zhou Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
j30094
j30095
j30096
j30097
j30098
j30099
j30100
j30101
j30102
j30103
j30104
j30105
j30106
j30107
j30108
j30109
j30110
j30111
j30112
j30113
j30114
j30115
j30116
j30117
j30118
j30119
j30120
j30121
j30122
j30123
j30124
j30125
b20266
b20267
b20268
b20269
b20270
b20271
b20272
b20273
b20274
b20275
b20276
b20277
b20278
b20279
b20280
b20281
b20282
b20283
b20284
b20285
b20286
b20287
b20288
b20289
b20290
b20291
s10945
Transcribed ancient scripts
L35138
L35139
L35140
L17697
L17698
L17699
L17700
L17701
L17702
L17703
L17704
L17705
L17706
L17707
L17708
L17709
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (丙) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
更 *kraːŋ, *kraːŋs
粳 *kraːŋ
埂 *kraːŋ, *kraːŋʔ
浭 *kraːŋ
稉 *kraːŋ
梗 *kraːŋʔ
哽 *kraːŋʔ
綆 *kraːŋʔ
鯁 *kraːŋʔ
挭 *kraːŋʔ
骾 *kraːŋʔ
郠 *kraːŋʔ
硬 *ŋɡraːŋs, *ŋɡraːŋs
鞕 *ŋɡraːŋs
丙 *pqraŋʔ
炳 *praŋʔ
邴 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
怲 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
苪 *praŋʔ
蛃 *praŋʔ
昺 *praŋʔ
昞 *praŋʔ
窉 *praŋʔ
柄 *praŋʔ, *praŋs
鈵 *praŋs
寎 *praŋs
病 *braŋs

Various theories:

  • Pictogram (象形) – shoulders (Shuowen).
  • Pictogram (象形) – the tail of a fish (Erya).
  • Pictogram (象形) – pedestal.
  • Pictogram (象形) – small table.
  • Original form of 柄 (OC *praŋʔ, *praŋs).

Whatever its original sense may be, it has been lost and replaced by its early use as a heavenly stem.

Etymology 1

Baxter and Sagart (2014) note the phonological relationship between 丙 (OC *praŋʔ) and 兩 (OC *p.raŋʔ, “a pair”); how these two are graphically related is noted in Baxter (1992). Smith (2011) suggests that these two words are not only phonologically similar but also etymologically related, with 丙, meaning "couplet" or "bivalve", referring to an asterism.

Pronunciation

Note:
  • piáⁿ - vernacular;
  • péng - literary.
Rime
Character 丙
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 庚 (111)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 兵永切
Baxter pjaengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/pˠiæŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/pᵚiaŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/piaŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/piajŋX/
Li
Rong 		/piɐŋX/
Wang
Li 		/pĭɐŋX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/pi̯ɐŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bǐng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bing2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 丙
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bǐng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjængX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*praŋʔ/
English 3d heavenly stem

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 丙
Reading # 1/1
No. 883
Phonetic
component 		丙
Rime
group 		陽
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		丙
Old
Chinese 		/*pqraŋʔ/
Notes 甲文象二石相對並，
與竝同源，後轉註爲兩。又史諱通景

Definitions

丙

  1. the third of the ten heavenly stems
  2. third; C
  3. a surname
Coordinate terms

Compounds

Descendants

  • → Zhuang: bingj

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 丙 – see 抦 (“to beat”).
(This character is a variant form of 抦).

References

Japanese

Kanji

丙

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. the third of the ten heavenly stems
  2. third in rank

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
丙
へい
Grade: S
on'yomi
 丙 on Japanese Wikipedia
 Heavenly Stems on Wikipedia

From Middle Chinese 丙 (pjængX).

Pronunciation

Noun

丙(へい) • (hei) 

  1. the third of the ten heavenly stems; something of the third rank
    Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
丙
ひのえ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

火 (Hi, “Fire”, one of the Five Elements) +‎ の (no, attributive marker) +‎ 兄 (e, “elder brother”)

Pronunciation

Noun

丙(ひのえ) • (hinoe) 

  1. the third of the ten heavenly stems
    Hypernyms: 天干 (tenkan), 十干 (jikkan)
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Korean

Hanja

丙 (eumhun 셋째 천간 병 (setjjae cheon'gan byeong))

  1. Hanja form? of 병 (“third heavenly stem”).
  2. Hanja form? of 병 (“third”).

丙 (eumhun 남녘 병 (namnyeok byeong))

  1. Hanja form? of 병 (“south, southern”).

References

Tày

Noun

丙 (bưởng, pẻng)

  1. Nôm form of bưởng (“side; piece”).
    妸分花丙吏
    A făn hoa bưởng dại
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  2. Nôm form of pẻng (“ten tael”).
    八昌賞丙双
    Bảt xáng thưởng pẻng soong
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

References

  • Lục Văn Pảo, Hoàng Tuấn Nam (2003) Hoàng Triều Ân, editor, Từ điển chữ Nôm Tày [A Dictionary of (chữ) Nôm Tày]‎[1] (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Nhà xuất bản Khoa học Xã hội

Vietnamese

Han character

丙: Hán Việt readings: bính
丙: Nôm readings: biếng, bính

  1. chữ Hán form of Bính (“third of the ten heavenly stems”).
    Hypernyms: 天干, 十干
    Coordinate terms: 甲, 乙, 丙, 丁, 戊, 己, 庚, 辛, 壬, 癸

Compounds

References

  • Nom Foundation
  • Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
  • Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
  • Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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