吪

吪 U+542A, 吪 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-542A ← 吩 [U+5429] CJK Unified Ideographs 含 → [U+542B]

Translingual

Han character

吪 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 口人心 (ROP), four-corner 6101₀, composition ⿰口化)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 178, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3348
• Dae Jaweon: page 395, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 590, character 5
• Unihan data for U+542A

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 吪
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (化) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
訛	*ŋʷaːl
吪	*ŋʷaːl
鈋	*ŋʷaːl
囮	*lu, *ŋʷaːl
魤	*ŋʷaːl
靴	*hʷa
貨	*hŋʷaːls
花	*hʷraː
化	*hŋʷraːls
杹	*hŋʷraːls
匕	*pilʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋʷaːl) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls).

Etymology 1

trad.		吪
simp. #		吪
alternative forms		訛／讹 譌／𰵑 𨅌 僞／伪

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): é (e²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄜˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngo⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: é
    • Zhuyin: ㄜˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: é
    • Wade–Giles: o²
    • Yale: é
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: er
    • Palladius: э (e)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: ngo⁴
    • Yale: ngòh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngo⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔː²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: ngwa

Rime
Character	吪
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五禾切
Baxter	ngwa
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋuɑ/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋuɑ/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋuɑ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋwa/
Li Rong	/ŋuɑ/
Wang Li	/ŋuɑ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋuɑ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	wó
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngo4

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-qʷʰˤaj/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋʷaːl/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	吪
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	é
Middle Chinese	‹ ngwa ›
Old Chinese	/*m-qʷʰˁaj/
English	move; change
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	吪
Reading #	1/1
No.	5320
Phonetic component	化
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	訛
Old Chinese	/*ŋʷaːl/
Notes	同訛

Definitions

吪

1. ^† to move; to act

   • 我生之後，逢此百罹。尚寐無吪。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     我生之后，逢此百罹。尚寐无吪。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Wǒ shēng zhīhòu, féng cǐ bǎilí. Shàng mèi wú é. [Pinyin]

     In the subsequent part of my life,
     We are meeting with all these evils.
     I wish I might sleep and never move again.

2. ^† to reform; to correct

   • 周公東征，四國是吪。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     周公东征，四国是吪。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Zhōugōng dōng zhēng, sìguó shì é. [Pinyin]

     But the object of the duke of Zhou, in marching to the east,
     Was to reform the four States.

3. Alternative form of 訛／讹 (é)

Etymology 2

trad.		吪
simp. #		吪

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): huā (hua¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄚ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): faa⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: huā
    • Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄚ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: hua
    • Wade–Giles: hua¹
    • Yale: hwā
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hua
    • Palladius: хуа (xua)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu̯ä⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: faa⁴
    • Yale: fàh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: faa⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: fa⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /faː²¹/

Definitions

吪

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• “吪”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

吪

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): ぐう (gū)、げ (ge)
• Kun: うごく (ugoku, 吪く)、かえる (kaeru, 吪える)、かわる (kawaru, 吪わる)

Korean

Hanja

吪 • (wa) (hangeul 와, revised wa, McCune–Reischauer wa)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Zhuang

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋʷaːl) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 化 (OC *hŋʷraːls)

Noun

吪

1. Sawndip form of vah (“language”)