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==Chinese==
==Chinese==
{{zh-forms|first; principal}}
{{zh-forms|first; principal}}

===Etymology===
According to {{w|Guangyun}} ([https://ctext.org/text.pl?node=296930&if=en#n296938]) and {{w|Zhu Xi}} ({{lw|zh|朱熹}}) ([https://ctext.org/library.pl?if=en&file=9216&page=85]), the character {{lang|zh|正}} here was originally pronounced ''zhèng'' (like {{zh-l|*政}}); according to Zhang Shoujie ({{lang|zh|張守節}}); its special pronunciation ''zhēng'' (like {{zh-l|*征}}) originated from the {{w|naming taboo}} on {{w|Qin Shi Huang}}'s real name {{lang|zh|嬴'''政'''}} (Yíng '''Zhèng''') ([https://ctext.org/wiki.pl?if=gb&res=710475&searchu=%E6%AD%A3%E9%9F%B3%E6%94%BF%E5%91%A8%E6%AD%A3%E5%BB%BA%E5%AD%90%E4%B9%8B%E6%AD%A3%E4%B9%9F%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87%E4%BB%A5%E6%AD%A3%E6%9C%88%E6%97%A6%E7%94%9F%E6%96%BC%E8%B6%99%E5%9B%A0%E7%82%BA%E6%94%BF%E5%BE%8C%E4%BB%A5%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87%E8%AB%B1%E6%95%85%E9%9F%B3%E5%BE%81]).

{{zh-ref|Sagart (2023)}} instead proposes that actually {{lang|zh|正}} here wrote {{och-l|隻|tr=*tek|one }}, in context where the latter's coda *''-k'' had been nasalized by the onset of {{och-l|月|tr=*[ŋ]ʷat}}. He reconstructs underlying *''tek-ŋʷat'', whence *''teŋ-ŋʷat'', whose appropriate readable form was {{lang|zh|正月}}.


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
{{zh-pron
{{zh-pron
|m=zhēngyuè
|m=zhēngyuè
|m-s=zen1yue2
|dg=җын1йүә2
|c=zing1 jyut6
|c=zing1 jyut6
|ca=LL-Q9186 (yue)-Luilui6666-正月.wav
|g=zang1 nyyot
|h=pfs=châng-ngie̍t
|h=pfs=châng-ngie̍t
|md=ciăng-nguŏk
|md=ciăng-nguŏk
|mn=kh:chiaⁿ--goe̍h/qz:chiaⁿ-ge̍rh/tp:chiaⁿ--ge̍h/xm:chiaⁿ-ge̍h/zz:chiaⁿ-goe̍h
|mn=kh:chiaⁿ--goe̍h/qz,sg:chiaⁿ-ge̍rh/tp:chiaⁿ--ge̍h/xm,ph,sg:chiaⁿ-ge̍h/zz,sg:chiaⁿ-goe̍h
|mn-t=zian1 ghuêh8
|w=1tsen hhyq,1tsen hhioq
|w=sh:1tsen yuq,1tsen yoq
|ma=Zh-zhengyuè.ogg
|ma=Zh-zhengyuè.ogg
|mc=1,1
|oc=1,1;1,1
|cat=n
|cat=n
}}
}}


===Noun===
===Noun===
{{zh-noun}}
{{head|zh|noun}}


# the [[first]] [[month]] of the [[Chinese]] [[lunar]] [[calendar]]
# the [[first]] [[month]] of the [[Chinese]] [[lunar calendar]]
#* {{zh-x|正{zhēng}月 季春 元日 乙丑：余 畜 孫 ^書 也 擇 其 吉金 以 作 鑄 缶 。|In the third month of spring, '''first month''' (of the year), first day of Yichou, I the pious grandson, Shu, selected those solid metals to cast a fou-barrel.|CL-PC|ref='''circa 6th century BCE''', Inscription on {{lang|zh|欒書缶}} [http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Zhou/personsluanshu.html Luan Shu]'s fou, transcribed and translated by Caboara (2010:12).<ref>{{cite-thesis|last= Caboara|first=Marco|title= The particle ye 也 and related constructions in the Guodian manuscripts of IV century BCE|year= 2010|type= PhD|publisher= University of Washington|place= Seattle|url= https://www.academia.edu/10467319/The_particle_ye_%E4%B9%9F_and_related_constructions_in_the_Guodian_manuscripts_of_IV_century_BCE}}</ref>}}
#* {{zh-x|正{zhēng}月 繁 霜、我 心 憂傷。|In the '''first month''' the hoar-frost abounds, and my heart is wounded with sorrow.|ref=Shijing}}
#* {{zh-x|正{zhēng}月 蜂 相{xiāng} 見，非-時 鳥 共 聞。|In the '''first month''' bees appear; unseasonable, different birds heard at the same time.|ref='''8th century CE''', {{lw|zh|杜甫}} ({{w|Du Fu}})《南楚》"In the South, Chu"; translated by Owen (2017)}}
# {{lb|zh|Xiamen Hokkien}} [[first]] [[three]] [[day]]s of the [[first]] [[month]] of the [[Chinese]] [[lunar calendar]]
# {{lb|zh|dated}} [[January]]


====Synonyms====
====Synonyms====
* {{zh-l|端月}}, {{zh-l|元月}}, {{zh-l|初月}}, {{zh-l|嘉月}}, {{zh-l|开岁}}, {{zh-l|新正}}, {{zh-l|隅月}}, {{zh-l|孟月}}, {{zh-l|始春}}, {{zh-l|元春}}, {{zh-l|陬月}}
* {{sense|first month}} {{zh-l|陬月}}, {{zh-l|寅月}}, {{zh-l|端月}}, {{zh-l|元月}}, {{zh-l|初月}}, {{zh-l|嘉月}}, {{zh-l|開歲}}, {{zh-l|新正}}, {{zh-l|隅月}}, {{zh-l|孟月}}, {{zh-l|始春}}, {{zh-l|元春}}
* {{sense|first three days}} {{q|Hokkien}} {{zh-l|正月正頭}}, {{zh-l|正月正時}}


====Derived terms====
====Derived terms====
{{zh-der|正月初一|正月十五|正月正頭|大正月|正月頭|正月酒}}
{{col3|zh|正月初一|正月十五|正月正頭|大正月|正月頭|正月酒|正月正時}}

⚫
{{zh-cat|Chinese months}}


====See also====
====See also====
Line 32: Line 48:
** '''Next:''' {{zh-l|杏月}}
** '''Next:''' {{zh-l|杏月}}


===References===
----
<references/>

{{cat|cmn|Advanced Mandarin}}
⚫
{{C|zh|Chinese months}}


==Japanese==
==Japanese==
{{ja-kanjitab|しょう|がつ|yomi=o}}
{{ja-kanjitab|しょう|がつ|yomi=goon,kanyoon}}

===Alternative forms===
* {{ja-r|お正月|お-しょうがつ}}


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{der|ja|ltc|-}} {{ltc-l|正月|id=1,1}}
''From'' [[正]] (''[[principal]]'') + [[月]](''[[month]]'')


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{ja-pron|しょうがつ|y=o|acc=4|acc2=0|acc_ref=NHK|acc2_ref=NHK}}
* {{ja-pron|しょうがつ|acc=4|acc2=0|acc_ref=NHK|acc2_ref=NHK}}


===Noun===
===Noun===
Line 47: Line 70:


# [[January]]
# [[January]]
# first month of the lunar year
# [[New Year]]
# [[New Year]]


Line 54: Line 78:
** {{ja-r|元日|がんじつ}}: [[New Year's Day]]
** {{ja-r|元日|がんじつ}}: [[New Year's Day]]


====Coordinate terms====
====See also====
* {{ja-r|初詣|はつもうで}}
* {{ja-r|初詣|はつもうで}}
* {{ja-r|初日の出|はつひので}}
* {{ja-r|初日の出|はつひので}}
Line 64: Line 88:
<references/>
<references/>


[[Category:ja:Holidays|しょうがつ]]
{{C|ja|Holidays|New Year}}

==Korean==
{{ko-hanjatab}}

===Noun===
{{ko-noun|hj|hangeul=정월}}

# {{hanja form of|정월|the first month of the traditional Korean calendar}}

Revision as of 02:56, 4 June 2024

Chinese

first; principal moon; month
simp. and trad.
(正月) 		正 月

Etymology

According to Guangyun ([2]) and Zhu Xi (朱熹) ([3]), the character 正 here was originally pronounced zhèng (like 政); according to Zhang Shoujie (張守節); its special pronunciation zhēng (like 征) originated from the naming taboo on Qin Shi Huang's real name 嬴政 (Yíng Zhèng) ([4]).

Sagart (2023) instead proposes that actually 正 here wrote 隻 (OC *tek, “one”), in context where the latter's coda *-k had been nasalized by the onset of 月 (OC *[ŋ]ʷat). He reconstructs underlying *tek-ŋʷat, whence *teŋ-ŋʷat, whose appropriate readable form was 正月.

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 正 月
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 清 (121) 月 (68)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Closed
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 諸盈切 魚厥切
Baxter tsyeng ngjwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕiᴇŋ/ /ŋʉɐt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕiɛŋ/ /ŋʷiɐt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕiæŋ/ /ŋiuɐt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ciajŋ/ /ŋuat̚/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕiɛŋ/ /ŋiuɐt̚/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭɛŋ/ /ŋĭwɐt̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi̯ɛŋ/ /ŋi̯wɐt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhēng yuè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zing1 jyut6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 正 月
Reading # 1/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhēng yuè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyeng › ‹ ngjwot ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.teŋ/ /*[ŋ]ʷat/
English 1st (month) moon, month

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 正 月
Reading # 1/2 1/1
No. 17171 16319
Phonetic
component 		正 月
Rime
group 		耕 月
Rime
subdivision 		0 3
Corresponding
MC rime 		征 月
Old
Chinese 		/*tjeŋ/ /*ŋod/
Notes 甲文從止丁聲，
徵初文

Noun

正月

  1. the first month of the Chinese lunar calendar
  2. (Xiamen Hokkien) first three days of the first month of the Chinese lunar calendar
  3. (dated) January

Synonyms

Derived terms

See also

References

  1. ^ Caboara, Marco (2010) The particle ye 也 and related constructions in the Guodian manuscripts of IV century BCE (PhD)‎[1], University of Washington

Japanese

Kanji in this term
正 月
しょう
Grade: 1 		がつ
Grade: 1
goon kan'yōon

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 正月 (MC tsyeng ngjwot)

Pronunciation

Noun

正(しょう)月(がつ) • (shōgatsu) 

  1. January
  2. first month of the lunar year
  3. New Year

Synonyms

See also

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
正月

Noun

正月 • (jeong'wol) (hangeul 정월)

  1. hanja form? of 정월 (“the first month of the traditional Korean calendar”)
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