然: difference between revisions
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# {{†}} to [[regard]] as [[correct]]; to [[agree]] |
# {{†}} to [[regard]] as [[correct]]; to [[agree]] |
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#* {{zh-x|^沛.公 然 其 計,從 之。|Liu Bang '''agreed''' with his plan and followed it.|ref=Shiji}} |
#* {{zh-x|^沛.公 然 其 計,從 之。|Liu Bang '''agreed''' with his plan and followed it.|ref=Shiji}} |
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# {{lb|zh|Teochew}} to [[resemble]]; to be [[like]] |
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====Synonyms==== |
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{{zh-dial|像}} |
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===Compounds=== |
===Compounds=== |
Revision as of 17:39, 21 July 2020
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Translingual
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Han character
然 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+8, 12 strokes, cangjie input 月大火 (BKF), four-corner 23333, composition ⿱肰灬)
Derived characters
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 675, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19149
- Dae Jaweon: page 1086, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2213, character 5
- Unihan data for U+7136
Chinese
trad. | 然 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 然 | |
alternative forms | 𤉷 ⿱犬一 (second-round simplified) |
Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 然 | ||
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Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *njen) : phonetic 肰 (OC *njen, “dog meat”) + semantic 火 (“fire”) – to burn. Also ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) . The derivative 燃 (OC *njen) stands for the original word in Modern Chinese.
Note that the upper left component is analyzed as 肉 (meat), and in the component 肰 it is drawn as a tilted 月 (“moon”), appearing more like 夕 (“evening”) with an extra stroke; compare 祭, 將.
Etymology
A fusion of 如 (OC *nja, *njas) with an element *-n which has a demonstrative meaning (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
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Definitions
- † Original form of 燃 (rán, “to burn”).
- 凡有四端於我者,知皆擴而充之矣,若火之始然,泉之始達。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
- Fán yǒu sìduān yú wǒ zhě, zhī jiē kuò ér chōng zhī yǐ, ruò huǒ zhī shǐ rán, quán zhī shǐ dá. [Pinyin]
- Since all men have these four principles in themselves, let them know to give them all their development and completion, and the issue will be like that of fire which has begun to burn, or that of a spring which has begun to find vent.
凡有四端于我者,知皆扩而充之矣,若火之始然,泉之始达。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † so; thus; in this manner; like this
- 然後/然后 ― ránhòu ― then [lit. after things turn out this way]
- 不然 ― bùrán ― or else, otherwise [lit. not so]
- 非然也。 [Classical Chinese] ― Fēi rán yě. [Pinyin] ― It is not so. / That is not how it is.
- 子曰:「何必高宗,古之人皆然。」 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Zǐ yuē: “Hé bì Gāozōng, gǔ zhī rén jiē rán.” [Pinyin]
- The Master said, "Why must Gao Zong be referred to as an example of this? The ancients were all like this.
- † Suffix forming adverbs, sometimes also adjectives, with an abstract meaning of “in the manner of, like”.
- † but
- 然而 ― rán'ér ― but
- 吾不能早用子,今急而求子,是寡人之過也。然鄭亡,子亦有不利焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Wú bùnéng zǎo yòng zǐ, jīn jí ér qiú zǐ, shì guǎrén zhī guò yě. Rán Zhèng wáng, zǐ yì yǒu bùlì yān. [Pinyin]
- That I was not able to employ you earlier, and now beg your help in my straits, I acknowledge to be my fault. But if Zheng perish, you also will suffer loss.
吾不能早用子,今急而求子,是寡人之过也。然郑亡,子亦有不利焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † correct; right
- † to regard as correct; to agree
- (Teochew) to resemble; to be like
Synonyms
Variety | Location | Words |
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Classical Chinese | 似 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 像 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 像 |
Malaysia | 像 | |
Singapore | 像 | |
Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 像 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 像 |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 像 |
Wuhan | 像 | |
Guilin | 像 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 似 |
Hong Kong | 似 | |
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 似 | |
Singapore (Guangfu) | 似 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 像 |
Lichuan | 像 | |
Jin | Taiyuan | 像 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 像 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 像 |
Taipei | 像 | |
New Taipei (Sanxia) | 像 | |
Kaohsiung | 像 | |
Yilan | 像 | |
Changhua (Lukang) | 像 | |
Taichung | 像 | |
Tainan | 像 | |
Hsinchu | 像 | |
Kinmen | 像 | |
Penghu (Magong) | 像 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 𫝛, macam | |
Chaozhou | 然 | |
Shantou | 然 | |
Jieyang | 然 | |
Puning | 肖 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 然, macam | |
Batam (Teochew) | 然, macam | |
Haikou | 像 | |
Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 像 |
Wu | Danyang | 像 |
Ningbo | 像, 像人家, 像家 |
Compounds
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Japanese
Kanji
- and; and then; and therefore
- so; if so; as it is; in that way
- however; but
- a certain thing; a sort of thing
Readings
- Go-on: ねん (nen, Jōyō)
- Kan-on: ぜん (zen, Jōyō)
- Kun: もえる (moeru, 然える)、しかれども (shikaredomo, 然れども)、しかして (shikashite, 然して)、さ (sa)
Compounds
Etymology
Kanji in this term |
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然 |
ぜん Grade: 4 |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 然 (nyen, “-like”).
Pronunciation
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Suffix
- indicates a state (no specific semantic content)
References
- Halpern, Jack: New Japanese-English Character Dictionary -Kenkyusha 1990
Korean
Hanja
然 (eumhun 그러할 연 (geureohal yeon))
Vietnamese
Han character
(deprecated template usage) 然 (nhiên)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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- CJK Unified Ideographs block
- Han script characters
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- Han phono-semantic compounds
- Han ideogrammic compounds
- Chinese lemmas
- Chinese hanzi
- Chinese terms with obsolete senses
- Literary Chinese terms with quotations
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Literary Chinese terms with usage examples
- Teochew Chinese
- Japanese kanji
- Japanese fourth grade kanji
- Japanese kyōiku kanji
- Japanese jōyō kanji
- Japanese kanji with goon reading ねん
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ぜん
- Japanese kanji with kun reading も・える
- Japanese kanji with kun reading しか・れども
- Japanese kanji with kun reading しか・して
- Japanese kanji with kun reading さ
- Japanese terms spelled with 然 read as ぜん
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese lemmas
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- Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 1 kanji
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