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====Derived characters====
====Derived characters====
* [[儥]] [[凟]] [[嬻]] [[瀆]] [[䢱]] [[櫝]] [[殰]] [[牘]] [[犢]] [[瓄]] [[䄣]] [[襩]] [[續]] [[讀]] [[豄]] [[贖]] [[贕]] [[鑟]] [[韇]] [[韥]] [[黷]] [[皾]] [[𧸝]] [[覿]] [[藚]] [[竇]] [[匵]]
* {{l|mul|[[儥]] [[凟]] [[嬻]] [[瀆]] [[䢱]] [[櫝]] [[殰]] [[牘]] [[犢]] [[瓄]] [[䄣]] [[襩]] [[續]] [[讀]] [[豄]] [[𮋿]] [[贖]] [[贕]] [[鑟]] [[韇]] [[韥]] [[黷]] [[皾]] [[𧸝]] [[覿]] [[藚]] [[竇]] [[匵]]}}


====Descendants====
====Descendants====
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{{zh-l|*出}}, which indicates [[exoactive]] semantics ({{zh-ref|Sagart, 1999}}), was eventually reduced to the etymologically unrelated {{zh-l|*士}}.
{{zh-l|*出}}, which indicates [[exoactive]] semantics ({{zh-ref|Sagart, 1999}}), was eventually reduced to the etymologically unrelated {{zh-l|*士}}.

Unrelated to {{zh-l|*𧶠}}, which is used as a phonetic component in a number of characters.


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
[[exoactive|Exoactive]] of {{och-l|買|to buy}} ({{zh-ref|Sagart, 1995}}; {{zh-ref|Schuessler, 2007}}; {{zh-ref|Baxter and Sagart, 2014}}), from {{der|zh|sit-pro|*g/m/s-laj ~ r/s-lej ~ b-rej|*g/m/s-laj ~ *r/s-lej ~ *b-rej|to buy; to barter}}; see there for more.
[[exoactive|Exoactive]] of {{och-l|買|to buy}} ({{zh-ref|Sagart, 1995}}; {{zh-ref|Schuessler, 2007}}; {{zh-ref|Baxter and Sagart, 2014}}), from {{der|zh|sit-pro|*g/m/s-laj ~ r/s-lej ~ b-rej|*g/m/s-laj ~ *r/s-lej ~ *b-rej|to buy; to barter}}; see there for more.

{{rfe|zh|2=Isn't the ''-s'' suffix in Old Chinese a causative / transitivizing element? In which case, {{IPAfont|/*mˤrajʔ-s/}} "to sell" = {{IPAfont|/*mˤrajʔ/}} "to buy" + {{IPAfont|/-s/}} "to cause to do" → "to make someone buy", which makes sense both semantically and derivationally.}}


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
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|mn_note=bē/bōe/bǒe - vernacular; māi - literary
|mn_note=bē/bōe/bǒe - vernacular; māi - literary
|mn-t=bhoi7
|mn-t=bhoi7
|w=3ma
|w=sh:6ma
|x=mai4
|x=mai4
|mc=y
|mc=y
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===Definitions===
===Definitions===
{{zh-hanzi}}
{{head|zh|hanzi}}


# to [[sell]]
# to [[sell]]
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===Compounds===
===Compounds===
{{zh-der|出賣|賣不出去|賣不動|賣唱|賣春|賣底|賣方|賣風流|賣狗皮膏藥|賣乖|賣關節|賣關子|賣官鬻爵|賣國|賣國賊|賣好|賣價|賣勁|賣老|賣力|賣力氣|賣命|賣弄|賣俏|賣人情|賣身|賣身投靠|賣相|賣笑|賣藝|賣淫|賣友|賣友求榮|賣主|賣嘴|賣座|一賣|倒賣|倚老賣老|倚門賣俏|倚門賣笑|做買賣|公賣|公賣利益|公賣局|典賣|典身賣命|分香賣履|叫賣|單賣|均買均賣|外賣|大俗賣|大拍賣|好買賣|官賣|寄賣|專賣|專賣店|專賣憑證|專賣權|小本買賣|小買賣|小賣|小賣部|居賣|展賣|常賣|得錢賣放|成都賣卜|把賣|抓乖賣俏|投機買賣|折賣|拆賣|拉買賣|拍賣|拐賣|指山賣磨|搭賣|撒嬌賣俏|撲賣|擺賣|斥賣|楊志賣刀|標賣|炒賣|熱賣|燒賣|特別賣力|特賣|特賣活動|現買現賣|現賣|略賣|發賣|盜賣|直賣店|砸鍋賣鐵|私房買賣|糶風賣雨|義賣|老王賣瓜|背主賣友|臨敵賣陣|自賣自誇|苦買賣|行奸賣俏|衒賣|裝瘋賣傻|討好賣乖|誇才賣智|變賣|販賣|販賣人口|販賣機|販賣部|買休賣休|買牛賣劍|買空賣空|買賣|買賣三兒|買賣人|買賣人口|買賣場|買賣業|買賣經|賣串兒|賣主求榮|賣交|賣俏營奸|賣俏行姦|賣俏迎奸|賣個破綻|賣倒|賣兒鬻女|賣公營私|賣刀買牛|賣刀買犢|賣劍買牛|賣功|賣動|賣務場|賣卜|賣卜測字|賣卦|賣口|賣名|賣呆|賣呆兒|賣嘴料舌|賣嚷嚷兒|賣國求利|賣國求榮|賣報|賣場|賣大戶|賣大號|賣契|賣奸|賣妖嬈|賣妻鬻子|賣姦|賣婆|賣婚|賣字|賣字號|賣官|賣官鬻獄|賣客|賣富|賣富差貧|賣履|賣工夫|賣庸|賣弄玄虛|賣恩|賣惡|賣手|賣撲|賣放|賣文|賣文為活|賣斷|賣本事|賣李鑽核|賣杖搖鈴|賣查梨|賣死勁|賣法|賣爵贅子|賣爵鬻子|賣狂|賣狗懸羊|賣獃|賣痴獃|賣眼|賣票|賣科|賣空|賣空買空|賣笑追歡|賣絕|賣胳臂|賣腰的|賣膏藥的|賣臉|賣舌|賣良姜|賣花|賣花錢|賣蔥|賣解|賣豬仔|賣買|賣超|賣身契|賣身葬父|賣重|賣野人頭|賣錢|賣長舌|賣陣|賣陣之計|賣面子|賣頭賣腳|賣鱉雞|賣點|賤買貴賣|賤賣|贏姦賣俏|跑馬賣解|躉賣|轉賣|迎姦賣俏|過賣|過路買賣|酈寄賣友|難買難賣|零賣|非熊賣屠|非賣品|韓康賣藥|顧賣|鬻兒賣女|鬻官賣爵|揀啊揀，揀著一個賣龍眼/揀啊揀，揀著一个賣龍眼/拣啊拣，拣着一个卖龙眼:kéng--ah kéng, kéng-tio̍h chi̍t ê bē lêng-géng;Hokkien|賣萌}}
{{col3|zh|出賣|賣不出去|賣不動|賣唱|賣春|賣底|賣方|賣風流|賣狗皮膏藥|賣乖|賣關節|賣關子|賣官鬻爵|賣國|賣國賊|賣好|賣價|賣勁|賣老|賣力|賣力氣|賣命|賣弄|賣俏|賣人情|賣身|賣身投靠|賣相|賣笑|賣藝|賣淫|賣友|賣友求榮|賣主|賣嘴|賣座|一賣|倒賣|倚老賣老|倚門賣俏|倚門賣笑|做買賣|公賣|公賣利益|公賣局|典賣|典身賣命|分香賣履|叫賣|單賣|均買均賣|外賣|大俗賣|大拍賣|好買賣|官賣|寄賣|專賣|專賣店|專賣憑證|專賣權|小本買賣|小買賣|小賣|小賣部|居賣|展賣|常賣|得錢賣放|成都賣卜|把賣|抓乖賣俏|投機買賣|折賣|拆賣|拉買賣|拍賣|拐賣|指山賣磨|搭賣|撒嬌賣俏|撲賣|擺賣|斥賣|楊志賣刀|標賣|炒賣|熱賣|燒賣|特別賣力|特賣|特賣活動|現買現賣|現賣|略賣|發賣|盜賣|直賣店|砸鍋賣鐵|私房買賣|糶風賣雨|義賣|老王賣瓜|背主賣友|臨敵賣陣|自賣自誇|苦買賣|行奸賣俏|衒賣|裝瘋賣傻|討好賣乖|誇才賣智|變賣|販賣|販賣人口|販賣機|販賣部|買休賣休|買牛賣劍|買空賣空|買賣|買賣三兒|買賣人|買賣人口|買賣場|買賣業|買賣經|賣串兒|賣主求榮|賣交|賣俏營奸|賣俏行姦|賣俏迎奸|賣個破綻|賣倒|賣兒鬻女|賣公營私|賣刀買牛|賣刀買犢|賣劍買牛|賣功|賣動|賣務場|賣卜|賣卜測字|賣卦|賣口|賣名|賣呆|賣呆兒|賣嘴料舌|賣嚷嚷兒|賣國求利|賣國求榮|賣報|賣場|賣大戶|賣大號|賣契|賣奸|賣妖嬈|賣妻鬻子|賣姦|賣婆|賣婚|賣字|賣字號|賣官|賣官鬻獄|賣客|賣富|賣富差貧|賣履|賣工夫|賣庸|賣弄玄虛|賣恩|賣惡|賣手|賣撲|賣放|賣文|賣文為活|賣斷|賣本事|賣李鑽核|賣杖搖鈴|賣查梨|賣死勁|賣法|賣爵贅子|賣爵鬻子|賣狂|賣狗懸羊|賣獃|賣痴獃|賣眼|賣票|賣科|賣空|賣空買空|賣笑追歡|賣絕|賣胳臂|賣腰的|賣膏藥的|賣臉|賣舌|賣良姜|賣花|賣花錢|賣蔥|賣解|賣豬仔|賣買|賣超|賣身契|賣身葬父|賣重|賣野人頭|賣錢|賣長舌|賣陣|賣陣之計|賣面子|賣頭賣腳|賣鱉雞|賣點|賤買貴賣|賤賣|贏姦賣俏|跑馬賣解|躉賣|轉賣|迎姦賣俏|過賣|過路買賣|酈寄賣友|難買難賣|零賣|非熊賣屠|非賣品|韓康賣藥|顧賣|鬻兒賣女|鬻官賣爵|nan-hbl:揀啊揀，揀著一個賣龍眼//揀啊揀，揀著一个賣龍眼//拣啊拣，拣着一个卖龙眼<tr:kéng--ah kéng, kéng-tio̍h chi̍t ê bē lêng-géng>|賣萌}}


===Descendants===
===Descendants===
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* {{thcwd|11424}}
* {{thcwd|11424}}


{{zh-cat|Beginning}}
{{cat|cmn|Beginning Mandarin}}


==Japanese==
==Japanese==
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{{ja-kanji|grade=|rs=貝08|shin=売}}
{{ja-kanji|grade=|rs=貝08|shin=売}}


# to [[sell]]
# {{rfdef|ja|sort=貝08}}


====Readings====
====Readings====
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===Hanja===
===Hanja===
{{ko-hanja-search}}
{{ko-hanja|팔다|팔|매}}
{{ko-hanja|팔다|팔|매}}


# {{hanja form of|매|to [[sell]]}}
# {{hanja form of|매|to [[sell]]}}

====Compounds====
{{der-top3|Compounds}}{{ko-l/multi|data=
* {{ko-l/args|매매|賣買}}
* {{ko-l/args|매도|賣渡}}
* {{ko-l/args|경매|競賣}}
* {{ko-l/args|매국|賣國}}
* {{ko-l/args|매국노|賣國奴}}
}}{{der-bottom}}

===References===
* {{R:hanjadoc|12094}}


==Vietnamese==
==Vietnamese==
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}}
}}


# {{han tu form of|mại|to [[sell]]}}
# {{vi-Han form of|mại|to [[sell]]}}


===References===
===References===

Latest revision as of 04:25, 11 June 2024

See also: 𧶠, 卖, and 売
賣 U+8CE3, &#36067;
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CE3
← 賢
[U+8CE2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 賤 →
[U+8CE4]

Translingual

[edit]
Traditional 賣
Shinjitai 売
Simplified 卖

Han character

[edit]

賣 (Kangxi radical 154, 貝+8, 15 strokes, cangjie input 土田中金 (GWLC), four-corner 40806, composition ⿱士買)

Derived characters

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1209, character 33
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36825
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1675, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3645, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+8CE3

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 賣
simp. 卖
alternative forms 𧷓
𧷵 ‡
𧷨 ‡

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character 賣
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (買) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
買 *mreːʔ
蕒 *mreːʔ
嘪 *mreːʔ
鷶 *mreːʔ
賣 *mreːs

Originally 𧷓, an ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *mreːs) : semantic 出 (“go out”) + phonetic 買 (OC *mreːʔ, “buy”).

出, which indicates exoactive semantics (Sagart, 1999), was eventually reduced to the etymologically unrelated 士.

Unrelated to 𧶠, which is used as a phonetic component in a number of characters.

Etymology

[edit]

Exoactive of 買 (OC *mreːʔ, “to buy”) (Sagart, 1995; Schuessler, 2007; Baxter and Sagart, 2014), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g/m/s-laj ~ *r/s-lej ~ *b-rej (“to buy; to barter”); see there for more.

This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Isn't the -s suffix in Old Chinese a causative / transitivizing element? In which case, /*mˤrajʔ-s/ "to sell" = /*mˤrajʔ/ "to buy" + /-s/ "to cause to do" → "to make someone buy", which makes sense both semantically and derivationally.”

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • mâ̤ - vernacular;
  • mâi - literary.
Note:
  • bē/bōe/bǒe - vernacular;
  • māi - literary.
Rime
Character 賣
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 佳 (31)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 莫懈切
Baxter meaH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/mˠɛH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/mᵚæH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/mæiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/maɨjH/
Li
Rong 		/mɛH/
Wang
Li 		/maiH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/maiH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		mài
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		maai6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 賣
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		mài
Middle
Chinese 		‹ meaH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mˁrajʔ-s/
English sell

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 賣
Reading # 1/1
No. 8731
Phonetic
component 		買
Rime
group 		支
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		賣
Old
Chinese 		/*mreːs/

Definitions

[edit]

賣

  1. to sell
    賣完／卖完  ―  màiwán  ―  to sell out
    這本書不賣。／这本书不卖。  ―  Zhè běn shū bù mài.  ―  This book is not for sale.
    他們在集市賣蔬菜和雞蛋。 [MSC, trad.]
    他们在集市卖蔬菜和鸡蛋。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tāmen zài jíshì mài shūcài hé jīdàn. [Pinyin]
    They sell vegetables and eggs in the marketplace.
    越賣越貴／越卖越贵 [Cantonese]  ―  jyut6 maai6 jyut6 gwai3 [Jyutping]  ―  the more it sells, the more expensive it grows
  2. to betray; to sell out
    出賣／出卖  ―  chūmài  ―  to betray
    賣國／卖国  ―  màiguó  ―  to betray one's country
    賣友求榮／卖友求荣  ―  màiyǒuqiúróng  ―  to betray someone to obtain promotion
    這個王八蛋居然把我給賣了！ [MSC, trad.]
    这个王八蛋居然把我给卖了！ [MSC, simp.]
    Zhège wángbadàn jūrán bǎ wǒ gěi mài le! [Pinyin]
    The bastard unexpectedly sold me out!
  3. to spare no effort; to do one's best
  4. to show off
    賣弄／卖弄  ―  màinòng  ―  to show off
    賣功／卖功  ―  màigōng  ―  to show off one's merit
  5. (Cantonese, of the media) to publish (a piece of news)
    琴日報紙冇賣呢單新聞嘅？ [Cantonese, trad.]
    琴日报纸冇卖呢单新闻嘅？ [Cantonese, simp.]
    kam4 jat6 bou3 zi2 mou5 maai6 nei1 daan1 san1 man4-2 ge2? [Jyutping]
    Why didn't newspaper publish this piece of news yesterday?

Synonyms

[edit]
  • (to sell):
edit

Antonyms

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
  • → Proto-Hmong-Mien: *mɛjH (“to sell”)

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Shinjitai

売

Kyūjitai

賣

Kanji

[edit]
賣

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 売)

  1. to sell

Readings

[edit]

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

賣 (eumhun 팔 매 (pal mae))

  1. hanja form? of 매 (“to sell”)

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

賣: Hán Việt readings: mại[1]
賣: Nôm readings: mải[2], mợi[2]

  1. chữ Hán form of mại (“to sell”).

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Trần (1999).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Hồ (1976).
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