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See also: Appendix:Variations of "ti"

Basque

Etymology 1

Unknown.^[1]

Suffix

-ti

Forms adjectives from nouns.
‎gezur (“lie”) + ‎-ti → ‎gezurti (“liar”)

Derived terms

Basque terms suffixed with -ti

Etymology 2

Unknown.^[2]

Suffix

-ti

(archaic, Biscayan) via, by means of

References

^ “-ti (1)” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk
^ “-ti (2)” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ti.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ cɪ]

Suffix

-ti

(archaic) the infinitive ending

Related terms

-ci
-t

Estonian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-ti

Derives adverbs, which are generally distributive.
koht "place" → kohati "in places", "in some areas"

paik "place" → paiguti "in places", "in some areas"

riik "country" → riigiti "in countries", "country-by-country"

rööpne "parallel" (adjective) → rööbiti "in a parallel relationship"
Derives habitual temporal adverbs
hommik "morning" → hommikuti "in the mornings"

reede "Friday" → reedeti "on Fridays"

Derived terms

Estonian terms suffixed with -ti

Fala

Pronoun

-ti

Clitic form of te (“you”)

References

Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎^[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse -tigr, from Proto-Germanic *tigiwiz, plural of *teguz.

Suffix

-ti

-ty (multipliers of ten)

Derived terms

Finnish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-tiˣ/, [-t̪i(ʔ)]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-t'ik. Equivalent to the abessive case ending -tta +‎ -i.^[1]

Suffix

-ti

Forms caritive adverbs.
alasti ― naked, without clothing

juomati ― without drinking

ääneti ― silently; without sound
(dialectal, Uusimaa, South Tavastian) The ending for the abessive case.
Synonym: -tta

Usage notes

In the Uusimaa and South Tavastian dialects, the -ti has become the abessive ending, replacing the original -tta.^[2]

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -ti (caritive)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-t'ik. Equivalent to -tta +‎ -i.

Suffix

-ti

Forms adverbs of manner.
‎ikä (“age”) + ‎-ti → ‎iäti (“forever, for all age”)

Derived terms

Finnish terms suffixed with -ti (manner)

References

^ Hakulinen, Lauri. 1941–2000. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys ('The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'). Helsinki: Otava/Helsingin yliopisto.
^ Lauri Kettunen: Suomen murteet III A. Murrekartasto, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, Helsinki 1940. Map #36. (Online link http://kettunen.fnhost.org/html/kett036.html)

Garifuna

Suffix

-ti

nominalizing suffix deriving agent nouns of masculine gender (see -tu for feminine).
Arufudaha ― to teach

Arufudahati ― teacher

Ouchaha ― to fish

Ouchahati ― fisherman

Italian

Pronoun

-ti

(enclitic) Alternative form of ti
dare (“to give”) → darti (“to give yourself; to give you; to give for you”)

vendere (“to sell”) → venderti (“to sell yourself; to sell you; to sell to you”)

servire (“to serve”) → servirti (“to serve yourself; to serve you; to serve to you”)

Usage notes

Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive reflexive, accusative and dative forms when the object is second singular person. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :

-are → -arti

-ere → -erti

-ire → -irti

Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:

introdurre (“to introduce”) → introdurti (“to introduce yourself; to introduce you; to insert in you”)

In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -ti.

Latin

Suffix

-tī

inflection of -tus:
1. masculine/neuter genitive singular
2. masculine nominative/vocative plural

Middle English

Suffix

-ti

Alternative form of -ty

Pipil

Pronunciation

(standard) IPA^(key): /ti/

Suffix

-ti

Nominal absolutive suffix
*tuch- → tuchti

*es- → esti
Inchoative derivation verb suffix (non-productive)
*taka- → takati

*teki- → tekiti

Usage notes

The truncated form -t of the nominal absolutive suffix is used with vowel-ending stems.

Sassarese

Pronoun

-ti

enclitic form of ti; appended to polysyllabic second-person singular imperative forms
ciama (“call!”) → ciàmati (“call yourself!”)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ti.

Suffix

-ti (Cyrillic spelling -ти)

The infinitive ending.

Related terms

-ći

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *-ti.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-ti/, /-tí/

Suffix

-ti or -tȉ

The infinitive ending.

Related terms

-či

Turkish

preceding vowel
A / I	E / İ	O / U	Ö / Ü
-tı	-ti	-tu	-tü

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ti/

Suffix

-ti

Form of -tı after the vowels E / İ.
‎al- (“to take”) + ‎-ın (“to take offense”) + ‎-tı → ‎alıntı (“quotation, citation”)

‎ak- (“to flow”) + ‎-ın + ‎-tı → ‎akıntı (“flow, current, stream”)

‎çıt (“click or crack sound”) + ‎-ır + ‎-tı → ‎çıtırtı (“clicking, cracking”)

‎mor (“purple”) + ‎-ar (“to turn purple”) + ‎-tı → ‎morartı (“bruise, a purplish spot”)

[1] “-ti (1)” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk

[2] “-ti (2)” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk

[3] Hakulinen, Lauri. 1941–2000. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys ('The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'). Helsinki: Otava/Helsingin yliopisto.

[4] Lauri Kettunen: Suomen murteet III A. Murrekartasto, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, Helsinki 1940. Map #36. (Online link http://kettunen.fnhost.org/html/kett036.html)

[1]

[2]

[1]

[2]

			nominative	dative	accusative	disjunctive
first person	singular		ei	me, -mi		mi
	plural	common	nos	mus^L nus^LV nos, -nus^M		nos
		masculine	noshotrus^M			noshotrus^M
		feminine	noshotras^M			noshotras^M
second person	singular		tú	te, -ti		ti
	plural	common	vos	vus^LV vos, -vus^M		vos
		masculine	voshotrus^M			voshotrus^M
		feminine	voshotras^M			voshotras^M
third person	singular	masculine	el	le, -li	u^LV, o^M	el
	singular	feminine	ela		a	ela
	plural	masculine	elis		us^LV, os^M	elis
	plural	feminine	elas		as	elas
	reflexive		—	se, -si		sí

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{also|-tî}}
+{{also|Appendix:Variations of "ti"}}
+==Basque==
+===Etymology 1===
+{{unk|eu}}.<ref>{{R:EDB|346|-ti (1)}}</ref>
+====Suffix====
+{{head|eu|suffix}}
+# {{non-gloss|Forms adjectives from nouns.}}
+#: {{suffixusex|eu|gezur|gezurti|t1=lie|t2=liar}}
+=====Derived terms=====
+{{suffixsee|eu}}
+===Etymology 2===
+{{unk|eu}}.<ref>{{R:EDB|346|-ti (2)}}</ref>
+====Suffix====
+{{head|eu|suffix}}
+# {{lb|eu|archaic|Biscayan}} [[via]], [[by means of]]
+===References===
+<references/>
+===Further reading===
+* {{R:Labayru}}
+==Czech==
+===Etymology===
+{{inh+|cs|sla-pro|*-ti}}.
+===Pronunciation===
+* {{cs-IPA|-ti}}
+===Suffix===
+{{head|cs|suffix|cat2=inflectional suffixes}}
+# {{tlb|cs|archaic}} {{n-g|the infinitive ending}}
+====Related terms====
+* {{l|cs|-ci}}
+* {{l|cs|-t}}
 ==Estonian==
 ===Etymology===
-{{rfe|lang=et|}}
+{{rfe|et|}}
 ===Suffix===
@@ Line 13: / Line 58: @@
 #: [[riik]] "country" → [[riigiti]] "in countries", "country-by-country"
 #: [[rööpne]] "parallel" ''(adjective)'' → [[rööbiti]] "in a parallel relationship"
+# {{non-gloss definition|Derives habitual temporal adverbs}}
+#: [[hommik]] "morning" → [[hommikuti]] "in the mornings"
+#: [[reede]] "Friday" → [[reedeti]] "on Fridays"
 ====Derived terms====
 {{suffixsee|et}}
+==Fala==
-----
+===Pronoun===
+{{head|fax|pronoun|cat2=clitics}}
+# {{form of|fax|Clitic form|te|t=you}}
+====See also====
+{{fax-personal pronouns}}
+===References===
+* {{R:fax:Diccionariu|265}}
 ==Faroese==
@@ Line 37: / Line 96: @@
 * {{l|fo|áttati}}
 * {{l|fo|níti}}
-----
 ==Finnish==
+===Pronunciation===
+{{fi-pronunciation|*}}
 ===Etymology 1===
+{{etymid|fi|caritive}}
+From {{inh|fi|urj-fin-pro|*-t'ik|id=caritive}}. Equivalent to the [[abessive]] case ending {{suffix|fi|-tta|id1=abessive|-i|id2=adverbial}}.<ref>{{R:fi:SKRK}}</ref>
 ====Suffix====
-{{fi-suffix}}
+{{fi-suffix|adverb}}
+# {{ngd|Forms [[caritive]] adverbs}}.
-# {{non-gloss definition|Adverbial suffix for the [[lative]] case}}, indication motion to a location.
+#: {{ux|fi|alas'''ti'''|naked, '''without''' clothing|inline=1}}
+#: {{ux|fi|juoma'''ti'''|'''without''' drinking|inline=1}}
+#: {{ux|fi|ääne'''ti'''|silently; '''without''' sound|inline=1}}
+# {{lb|fi|dialectal|Uusimaa|South Tavastian}} {{n-g|The ending for the [[abessive case]].}}
+#: {{syn|fi|-tta}}
-===Derived terms===
+=====Usage notes=====
+In the Uusimaa and South Tavastian dialects, the {{m|fi|-ti}} has become the abessive ending, replacing the original {{m|fi|-tta}}.<ref>Lauri Kettunen: Suomen murteet III A. Murrekartasto, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, Helsinki 1940. [[Template:fi-dial-map/feature/Kettunen1940 036|Map #36]]. (Online link http://kettunen.fnhost.org/html/kett036.html)</ref>
-{{suffixsee|fi}}
+=====Derived terms=====
+{{suffixsee|fi|id=caritive}}
 ===Etymology 2===
+{{etymid|fi|manner}}
+From {{inh|fi|urj-fin-pro|*-t'ik|id=manner}}. Equivalent to {{suffix|fi|-tta|id1=adverbial|-i|id2=adverbial}}.
 ====Suffix====
-{{fi-suffix}}
+{{fi-suffix|adverb}}
+# {{ngd|Forms adverbs of manner.}}
-# {{lb|fi|rare}} {{non-gloss definition|Suffix for the [[abessive]] case}}, without.
+#: {{suffixusex|fi|ikä|gloss1=age|iäti|gloss2=forever, for all age}}
-====Derived terms====
-{{suffixsee|fi}}
+=====Derived terms=====
-Dialectal forms exist also:
-* {{l|fi|syömäti}}
+{{suffixsee|fi|id=manner}}
-* {{l|fi|juomati}}
-* {{l|fi|sanomati}}
+===References===
-----
+<references/>
 ==Garifuna==
@@ Line 74: / Line 145: @@
 # ''nominalizing suffix deriving agent nouns of masculine gender'' (see '''{{l|cab|-tu}}''' for feminine).
 #: {{uxi|cab|[[arufudaha|Arufudaha]]|to teach}}
-#:: {{uxi|cab|[[arufudahati|Arufudaha'''ti''']]|teacher}}
+#: {{uxi|cab|[[arufudahati|Arufudaha'''ti''']]|teacher}}
 #: {{uxi|cab|[[ouchaha|Ouchaha]]|to fish}}
-#:: {{uxi|cab|[[ouchahati|Ouchaha'''ti''']]|fisherman}}
+#: {{uxi|cab|[[ouchahati|Ouchaha'''ti''']]|fisherman}}
+==Italian==
-----
+===Pronoun===
+{{head|it|pronoun}}
+# {{lb|it|enclitic}} {{alt form|it|ti}}
+#: {{m|it|dare||to give}} → {{m|it|darsi|dar'''ti'''|to give yourself; to give you; to give for you}}
+#: {{m|it|vendere||to sell}} → {{m|it|vendersi|vender'''ti'''|to sell yourself; to sell you; to sell to you}}
+#: {{m|it|servire||to serve}} → {{m|it|servirsi|servir'''ti'''|to serve yourself; to serve you; to serve to you}}
+====Usage notes====
+* Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive reflexive, accusative and dative forms when the object is second singular person. The final -''e'' of the original infinitive is removed :
+: {{m|it|-are}} → {{m|it|-arti}}
+: {{m|it|-ere}} → {{m|it|-erti}}
+: {{m|it|-ire}} → {{m|it|-irti}}
+Where the verb ends in ''-rre'', the final ''re'' is removed, leaving behind just an ''-r'':
+: {{m|it|introdurre||to introduce}} → {{m|it|introdurre|introdur'''ti'''|to introduce yourself; to introduce you; to insert in you}}
+In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single ''r'' and no vowels immediately before ''-ti''.
 ==Latin==
 ===Suffix===
-{{la-suffix-form|tī}}
+{{head|la|suffix form|head=-tī}}
-# {{inflection of|-tus||m|gen|s|lang=la}}
+# {{inflection of|la|-tus||m//n|gen|s|;|m|nom//voc|p}}
-# {{inflection of|-tus||n|gen|s|lang=la}}
+==Middle English==
-# {{inflection of|-tus||m|nom|p|lang=la}}
-# {{inflection of|-tus||m|voc|p|lang=la}}
+===Suffix===
+{{head|enm|suffix}}
+# {{alt form|enm|-ty}}
-----
 ==Pipil==
 ===Pronunciation===
-* {{a|standard}} {{IPA|/ti/|lang=ppl}}
+* {{IPA|ppl|/ti/|a=standard}}
 ===Suffix===
@@ Line 110: / Line 202: @@
 * The truncated form ''[[-t#Pipil|-t]]'' of the nominal absolutive suffix is used with vowel-ending stems.
+==Sassarese==
-----
+===Pronoun===
+{{head|sdc|pronoun}}
+# {{form of|sdc|[[enclitic]] form|ti}}; {{non-gloss definition|appended to [[polysyllabic]] second-person singular imperative forms}}
+#: {{m|it|ciama||call!}} → {{m|it|ciàmati|ciàma'''ti'''|call yourself!}}
 ==Serbo-Croatian==
 ===Etymology===
-From {{inh|sh|sla-pro|*-ti}}.
+{{inh+|sh|sla-pro|*-ti}}.
 ===Suffix===
@@ Line 124: / Line 222: @@
 ====Related terms====
 * {{l|sh|-ći}}
-----
 ==Slovene==
@@ Line 131: / Line 227: @@
 ===Etymology===
 From {{inh|sl|sla-pro|*-ti}}.
+===Pronunciation===
+* {{sl-IPA|-ti|-tȉ}}
 ===Suffix===
-{{head|sl|suffix|cat2=inflectional suffixes}}
+{{head|sl|suffix|cat2=inflectional suffixes|head2=-tȉ}}
 # {{non-gloss definition|The infinitive ending}}.
@@ Line 139: / Line 238: @@
 ====Related terms====
 * {{l|sl|-či}}
+==Turkish==
+{{tr-suffix-forms|ı=tı|i=ti|u=tu|ü=tü}}
+===Pronunciation===
+* {{IPA|tr|/ti/}}
+===Suffix===
+{{head|tr|suffix form}}
+# {{tr-def-suffix form|-tı||i}}
+#: {{afex|tr|almak<gloss:to take>|alt1=al-|alınmak<gloss:to take offense>|alt2=-ın|altaff=-tı|alıntı<gloss:quotation, citation>}}
+#: {{afex|tr|akmak<gloss:to flow>|alt1=ak-|-n|alt2=-ın|altaff=-tı|akıntı<gloss:flow, current, stream>}}
+#: {{afex|tr|çıt<gloss:click or crack sound>|-ır|alt2=-ır|altaff=-tı|çıtırtı<gloss:clicking, cracking>}}
+#: {{afex|tr|mor<gloss:purple>|morarmak<gloss:to turn purple>|alt2=-ar|altaff=-tı|morartı<gloss:bruise, a purplish spot>}}

-ti: difference between revisions

Revision as of 22:50, 21 May 2024

Basque

Etymology 1

Suffix

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Suffix

References

Further reading

Czech

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Related terms

Estonian

Etymology

Suffix

Derived terms

Fala

Pronoun

See also

References

Faroese

Etymology

Suffix

Derived terms

Finnish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Suffix

Usage notes

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Suffix

Derived terms

References

Garifuna

Suffix

Italian

Pronoun

Usage notes

Latin

Suffix

Middle English

Suffix

Pipil

Pronunciation

Suffix

Usage notes

Sassarese

Pronoun

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Suffix

Related terms

Slovene

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Related terms

Turkish

Pronunciation

Suffix

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