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→Finnish: not abessives but adverbs; not rare
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{{also|-tî}}
{{also|Appendix:Variations of "ti"}}
==Basque==

===Etymology 1===
{{unk|eu}}.<ref>{{R:EDB|346|-ti (1)}}</ref>

====Suffix====
{{head|eu|suffix}}

# {{non-gloss|Forms adjectives from nouns.}}
#: {{suffixusex|eu|gezur|gezurti|t1=lie|t2=liar}}

=====Derived terms=====
{{suffixsee|eu}}

===Etymology 2===
{{unk|eu}}.<ref>{{R:EDB|346|-ti (2)}}</ref>

====Suffix====
{{head|eu|suffix}}

# {{lb|eu|archaic|Biscayan}} [[via]], [[by means of]]

===References===
<references/>

===Further reading===
* {{R:Labayru}}

==Czech==

===Etymology===
{{inh+|cs|sla-pro|*-ti}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{cs-IPA|-ti}}

===Suffix===
{{head|cs|suffix|cat2=inflectional suffixes}}

# {{tlb|cs|archaic}} {{n-g|the infinitive ending}}

====Related terms====
* {{l|cs|-ci}}
* {{l|cs|-t}}

==Estonian==
==Estonian==


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
{{rfe|lang=et|}}
{{rfe|et|}}


===Suffix===
===Suffix===
Line 13: Line 58:
#: [[riik]] "country" → [[riigiti]] "in countries", "country-by-country"
#: [[riik]] "country" → [[riigiti]] "in countries", "country-by-country"
#: [[rööpne]] "parallel" ''(adjective)'' → [[rööbiti]] "in a parallel relationship"
#: [[rööpne]] "parallel" ''(adjective)'' → [[rööbiti]] "in a parallel relationship"
# {{non-gloss definition|Derives habitual temporal adverbs}}
#: [[hommik]] "morning" → [[hommikuti]] "in the mornings"
#: [[reede]] "Friday" → [[reedeti]] "on Fridays"


====Derived terms====
====Derived terms====
{{suffixsee|et}}
{{suffixsee|et}}


==Fala==
----

===Pronoun===
{{head|fax|pronoun|cat2=clitics}}

# {{form of|fax|Clitic form|te|t=you}}

====See also====
{{fax-personal pronouns}}

===References===
* {{R:fax:Diccionariu|265}}


==Faroese==
==Faroese==
Line 37: Line 96:
* {{l|fo|áttati}}
* {{l|fo|áttati}}
* {{l|fo|níti}}
* {{l|fo|níti}}

----


==Finnish==
==Finnish==


===Etymology===
===Pronunciation===
{{fi-pronunciation|*}}
From {{inh|fi|fiu-fin-pro|*-t'ik}}, at least in the first sense equivalent to the [[abessive]] case ending {{suffix|fi|-tta|-i}}.<ref>{{R:fi:SKRK}}</ref>

===Etymology 1===
{{etymid|fi|caritive}}
From {{inh|fi|urj-fin-pro|*-t'ik|id=caritive}}. Equivalent to the [[abessive]] case ending {{suffix|fi|-tta|id1=abessive|-i|id2=adverbial}}.<ref>{{R:fi:SKRK}}</ref>


====Suffix====
====Suffix====
{{fi-suffix}}
{{fi-suffix|adverb}}


# {{ngd|Forms [[caritive]] adverbs, indicating acting without poa }}.
# {{ngd|Forms [[caritive]] adverbs}}.
#: {{ux|fi|alas'''ti'''|naked, '''without''' clothing|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|fi|alas'''ti'''|naked, '''without''' clothing|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|fi|juoma'''ti'''|'''without''' drinking|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|fi|juoma'''ti'''|'''without''' drinking|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|fi|ääne'''ti'''|silently; '''without''' sound|inline=1}}
#: {{ux|fi|ääne'''ti'''|silently; '''without''' sound|inline=1}}
# {{lb|fi|dialectal|Uusimaa|South Tavastian}} {{n-g|The ending for the [[abessive case]].}}
#: {{syn|fi|-tta}}

=====Usage notes=====
In the Uusimaa and South Tavastian dialects, the {{m|fi|-ti}} has become the abessive ending, replacing the original {{m|fi|-tta}}.<ref>Lauri Kettunen: Suomen murteet III A. Murrekartasto, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, Helsinki 1940. [[Template:fi-dial-map/feature/Kettunen1940 036|Map #36]]. (Online link http://kettunen.fnhost.org/html/kett036.html)</ref>

=====Derived terms=====
{{suffixsee|fi|id=caritive}}

===Etymology 2===
{{etymid|fi|manner}}
From {{inh|fi|urj-fin-pro|*-t'ik|id=manner}}. Equivalent to {{suffix|fi|-tta|id1=adverbial|-i|id2=adverbial}}.

====Suffix====
{{fi-suffix|adverb}}

# {{ngd|Forms adverbs of manner.}}
# {{ngd|Forms adverbs of manner.}}
#: {{suffixusex|fi|ikä|gloss1=age|iäti|gloss2=forever, for all age}}
#: {{suffixusex|fi|ikä|gloss1=age|iäti|gloss2=forever, for all age}}


====Derived terms====
=====Derived terms=====
{{suffixsee|fi}}
{{suffixsee|fi|id=manner}}


===References===
===References===
<references/>
<references/>

----


==Garifuna==
==Garifuna==
Line 70: Line 145:
# ''nominalizing suffix deriving agent nouns of masculine gender'' (see '''{{l|cab|-tu}}''' for feminine).
# ''nominalizing suffix deriving agent nouns of masculine gender'' (see '''{{l|cab|-tu}}''' for feminine).
#: {{uxi|cab|[[arufudaha|Arufudaha]]|to teach}}
#: {{uxi|cab|[[arufudaha|Arufudaha]]|to teach}}
#:: {{uxi|cab|[[arufudahati|Arufudaha'''ti''']]|teacher}}
#: {{uxi|cab|[[arufudahati|Arufudaha'''ti''']]|teacher}}
#: {{uxi|cab|[[ouchaha|Ouchaha]]|to fish}}
#: {{uxi|cab|[[ouchaha|Ouchaha]]|to fish}}
#:: {{uxi|cab|[[ouchahati|Ouchaha'''ti''']]|fisherman}}
#: {{uxi|cab|[[ouchahati|Ouchaha'''ti''']]|fisherman}}


==Italian==
----

===Pronoun===
{{head|it|pronoun}}

# {{lb|it|enclitic}} {{alt form|it|ti}}
#: {{m|it|dare||to give}} → {{m|it|darsi|dar'''ti'''|to give yourself; to give you; to give for you}}
#: {{m|it|vendere||to sell}} → {{m|it|vendersi|vender'''ti'''|to sell yourself; to sell you; to sell to you}}
#: {{m|it|servire||to serve}} → {{m|it|servirsi|servir'''ti'''|to serve yourself; to serve you; to serve to you}}

====Usage notes====
* Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive reflexive, accusative and dative forms when the object is second singular person. The final -''e'' of the original infinitive is removed :
: {{m|it|-are}} → {{m|it|-arti}}
: {{m|it|-ere}} → {{m|it|-erti}}
: {{m|it|-ire}} → {{m|it|-irti}}

Where the verb ends in ''-rre'', the final ''re'' is removed, leaving behind just an ''-r'':
: {{m|it|introdurre||to introduce}} → {{m|it|introdurre|introdur'''ti'''|to introduce yourself; to introduce you; to insert in you}}

In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single ''r'' and no vowels immediately before ''-ti''.


==Latin==
==Latin==


===Suffix===
===Suffix===
{{la-suffix-form|tī}}
{{head|la|suffix form|head=-tī}}


# {{inflection of|-tus||m|gen|s|lang=la}}
# {{inflection of|la|-tus||m//n|gen|s|;|m|nom//voc|p}}
# {{inflection of|-tus||n|gen|s|lang=la}}
# {{inflection of|-tus||m|nom|p|lang=la}}
# {{inflection of|-tus||m|voc|p|lang=la}}


==Middle English==
----

===Suffix===
{{head|enm|suffix}}

# {{alt form|enm|-ty}}


==Pipil==
==Pipil==


===Pronunciation===
===Pronunciation===
* {{a|standard}} {{IPA|/ti/|lang=ppl}}
* {{IPA|ppl|/ti/|a=standard}}


===Suffix===
===Suffix===
Line 106: Line 202:
* The truncated form ''[[-t#Pipil|-t]]'' of the nominal absolutive suffix is used with vowel-ending stems.
* The truncated form ''[[-t#Pipil|-t]]'' of the nominal absolutive suffix is used with vowel-ending stems.


==Sassarese==
----

===Pronoun===
{{head|sdc|pronoun}}

# {{form of|sdc|[[enclitic]] form|ti}}; {{non-gloss definition|appended to [[polysyllabic]] second-person singular imperative forms}}
#: {{m|it|ciama||call!}} → {{m|it|ciàmati|ciàma'''ti'''|call yourself!}}


==Serbo-Croatian==
==Serbo-Croatian==


===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{inh|sh|sla-pro|*-ti}}.
{{inh+|sh|sla-pro|*-ti}}.


===Suffix===
===Suffix===
Line 120: Line 222:
====Related terms====
====Related terms====
* {{l|sh|-ći}}
* {{l|sh|-ći}}

----


==Slovene==
==Slovene==
Line 127: Line 227:
===Etymology===
===Etymology===
From {{inh|sl|sla-pro|*-ti}}.
From {{inh|sl|sla-pro|*-ti}}.

===Pronunciation===
* {{sl-IPA|-ti|-tȉ}}


===Suffix===
===Suffix===
{{head|sl|suffix|cat2=inflectional suffixes}}
{{head|sl|suffix|cat2=inflectional suffixes|head2=-tȉ}}


# {{non-gloss definition|The infinitive ending}}.
# {{non-gloss definition|The infinitive ending}}.
Line 135: Line 238:
====Related terms====
====Related terms====
* {{l|sl|-či}}
* {{l|sl|-či}}

==Turkish==
{{tr-suffix-forms|ı=tı|i=ti|u=tu|ü=tü}}

===Pronunciation===
* {{IPA|tr|/ti/}}

===Suffix===
{{head|tr|suffix form}}

# {{tr-def-suffix form|-tı||i}}
#: {{afex|tr|almak<gloss:to take>|alt1=al-|alınmak<gloss:to take offense>|alt2=-ın|altaff=-tı|alıntı<gloss:quotation, citation>}}
#: {{afex|tr|akmak<gloss:to flow>|alt1=ak-|-n|alt2=-ın|altaff=-tı|akıntı<gloss:flow, current, stream>}}
#: {{afex|tr|çıt<gloss:click or crack sound>|-ır|alt2=-ır|altaff=-tı|çıtırtı<gloss:clicking, cracking>}}
#: {{afex|tr|mor<gloss:purple>|morarmak<gloss:to turn purple>|alt2=-ar|altaff=-tı|morartı<gloss:bruise, a purplish spot>}}

Revision as of 22:50, 21 May 2024

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ti"

Basque

Etymology 1

Unknown.[1]

Suffix

-ti

  1. Forms adjectives from nouns.
    ‎gezur (“lie”) + ‎-ti → ‎gezurti (“liar”)
Derived terms
Basque terms suffixed with -ti

Etymology 2

Unknown.[2]

Suffix

-ti

  1. (archaic, Biscayan) via, by means of

References

  1. ^ “-ti (1)” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk
  2. ^ “-ti (2)” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk

Further reading

  • “-ti” in Labayru Hiztegia

Czech

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ti.

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ti

  1. (archaic) the infinitive ending

Estonian

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Suffix

-ti

  1. Derives adverbs, which are generally distributive.
    koht "place" → kohati "in places", "in some areas"
    paik "place" → paiguti "in places", "in some areas"
    riik "country" → riigiti "in countries", "country-by-country"
    rööpne "parallel" (adjective) → rööbiti "in a parallel relationship"
  2. Derives habitual temporal adverbs
    hommik "morning" → hommikuti "in the mornings"
    reede "Friday" → reedeti "on Fridays"

Derived terms

Estonian terms suffixed with -ti

Fala

Pronoun

-ti

  1. Clitic form of te (“you”)

See also

Fala personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
first person singular ei me, -mi mi
plural common nos musL
nusLV
nos, -nusM 		nos
masculine noshotrusM noshotrusM
feminine noshotrasM noshotrasM
second person singular tú te, -ti ti
plural common vos vusLV
vos, -vusM 		vos
masculine voshotrusM voshotrusM
feminine voshotrasM voshotrasM
third person singular masculine el le, -li uLV, oM el
feminine ela a ela
plural masculine elis usLV, osM elis
feminine elas as elas
reflexive — se, -si sí

References

  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse -tigr, from Proto-Germanic *tigiwiz, plural of *teguz.

Suffix

-ti

  1. -ty (multipliers of ten)

Derived terms

Finnish

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /-tiˣ/, [-t̪i(ʔ)]

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *-t'ik. Equivalent to the abessive case ending -tta +‎ -i.[1]

Suffix

-ti

  1. Forms caritive adverbs.
    alasti ― naked, without clothing
    juomati ― without drinking
    ääneti ― silently; without sound
  2. (dialectal, Uusimaa, South Tavastian) The ending for the abessive case.
    Synonym: -tta
Usage notes

In the Uusimaa and South Tavastian dialects, the -ti has become the abessive ending, replacing the original -tta.[2]

Derived terms
Finnish terms suffixed with -ti (caritive)

Etymology 2

From Proto-Finnic *-t'ik. Equivalent to -tta +‎ -i.

Suffix

-ti

  1. Forms adverbs of manner.
    ‎ikä (“age”) + ‎-ti → ‎iäti (“forever, for all age”)
Derived terms
Finnish terms suffixed with -ti (manner)

References

  1. ^ Hakulinen, Lauri. 1941–2000. Suomen kielen rakenne ja kehitys ('The Structure and Development of the Finnish Language'). Helsinki: Otava/Helsingin yliopisto.
  2. ^ Lauri Kettunen: Suomen murteet III A. Murrekartasto, Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, Helsinki 1940. Map #36. (Online link http://kettunen.fnhost.org/html/kett036.html)

Garifuna

Suffix

-ti

  1. nominalizing suffix deriving agent nouns of masculine gender (see -tu for feminine).
    Arufudaha ― to teach
    Arufudahati ― teacher
    Ouchaha ― to fish
    Ouchahati ― fisherman

Italian

Pronoun

-ti

  1. (enclitic) Alternative form of ti
    dare (“to give”) → darti (“to give yourself; to give you; to give for you”)
    vendere (“to sell”) → venderti (“to sell yourself; to sell you; to sell to you”)
    servire (“to serve”) → servirti (“to serve yourself; to serve you; to serve to you”)

Usage notes

  • Appended to present active infinitive verb forms to derive reflexive, accusative and dative forms when the object is second singular person. The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :
-are → -arti
-ere → -erti
-ire → -irti

Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:

introdurre (“to introduce”) → introdurti (“to introduce yourself; to introduce you; to insert in you”)

In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -ti.

Latin

Suffix

-tī

  1. inflection of -tus:
    1. masculine/neuter genitive singular
    2. masculine nominative/vocative plural

Middle English

Suffix

-ti

  1. Alternative form of -ty

Pipil

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ti

  1. Nominal absolutive suffix
    *tuch- → tuchti
    *es- → esti
  2. Inchoative derivation verb suffix (non-productive)
    *taka- → takati
    *teki- → tekiti

Usage notes

  • The truncated form -t of the nominal absolutive suffix is used with vowel-ending stems.

Sassarese

Pronoun

-ti

  1. enclitic form of ti; appended to polysyllabic second-person singular imperative forms
    ciama (“call!”) → ciàmati (“call yourself!”)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ti.

Suffix

-ti (Cyrillic spelling -ти)

  1. The infinitive ending.

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *-ti.

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ti or -tȉ

  1. The infinitive ending.

Turkish

preceding vowel
A / I E / İ O / U Ö / Ü
-tı -ti -tu -tü

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ti

  1. Form of -tı after the vowels E / İ.
    ‎al- (“to take”) + ‎-ın (“to take offense”) + ‎-tı → ‎alıntı (“quotation, citation”)
    ‎ak- (“to flow”) + ‎-ın + ‎-tı → ‎akıntı (“flow, current, stream”)
    ‎çıt (“click or crack sound”) + ‎-ır + ‎-tı → ‎çıtırtı (“clicking, cracking”)
    ‎mor (“purple”) + ‎-ar (“to turn purple”) + ‎-tı → ‎morartı (“bruise, a purplish spot”)
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