dum
Translingual
Symbol
dum
English
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Adjective
dum (not comparable)
Related terms
Etymology 2
Interjection
dum
- Syllable used when humming a tune.
- 2012, Graeme Burk, Robert Smith, Who is the Doctor:
- I like to hang out with friends and travel the world. But if there's one thing I really love, it's Doctor Who. Dum de dum, dum de dum, dum de dum. Whooo-eee-oooo dum de dum, de dum de dum.
Etymology 3
Adjective
dum
- (nonstandard, humorous) Alternative spelling of dumb.
Etymology 4
Adjective
dum (not comparable)
See also
Anagrams
Balinese
Romanization
dum
- Romanization of ᬤᬸᬫ᭄
Danish
Etymology
From Old Norse dumbr (“dumb”), and in the main sense stupid from German dumm. Both from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. Compare Norwegian and Swedish dum, Icelandic dumbur, English dumb, Low German dumm, Dutch dom, German dumm.
Pronunciation
Adjective
dum
Inflection
Inflection of dum | |||
---|---|---|---|
Positive | Comparative | Superlative | |
Indefinte common singular | dum | dummere | dummest2 |
Indefinite neuter singular | dumt | dummere | dummest2 |
Plural | dumme | dummere | dummest2 |
Definite attributive1 | dumme | dummere | dummeste |
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively. |
Esperanto
Etymology
Pronunciation
Preposition
dum
Ido
Etymology
From Esperanto dum, from Latin dum.
Pronunciation
Preposition
dum
Derived terms
- dume (“meanwhile, meantime”)
Javanese
Etymology
From Old Javanese dum.
Verb
dum
- to divide
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *dūm (adverb), from *dweh₂- (“long”) + *-m (adverbial suffix). Compare dūdum.[1]
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /dum/, [d̪ʊ̃ˑ]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /dum/, [d̪um]
Conjunction
dum
- (indicating coincidence of duration): (with indicative) while, whilst, as, meanwhile (as), (for) as long as, until
- Synonyms: interea, interim, quamdiū
- Dum vīxī tacuī, mortua dulcē canō. ― While I lived I was quiet; dead I sweetly sing.
- dum erunt hominēs ― as long as there are humans (as long as humankind exists)
- (indicating coincidence of duration): (before a verbal substantive) during
- Synonym: quamdiū
- (indicating duration with expectancy): (with subjunctive) until, long enough for
- (indicating duration with contingency): (with subjunctive) as long as, (for) so long as, provided (that), on the condition that
- Synonym: dummodo
- Oderint, dum metuant. ― Let them hate, so long as they fear.
Usage notes
Dum offers speakers of Latin the capacity to express duration with coincidence, expectancy, or contingency. Classical authors most often used dum in order to express coincidental duration, and so it was most often accompanied by verbs in the indicative mood; the adverb dummodo was generally used to express aspects of contingency.
Derived terms
Adverb
dum
- (Old Latin) for a while, still
Derived terms
Descendants
- Asturian: dun (1861 translation of the Gospel of Matthew), demientres
- → Esperanto: dum
References
- ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) “*du̯eh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 165
Further reading
- “dum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “dum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- dum in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- I cannot wait till..: nihil mihi longius est or videtur quam dum or quam ut
- as long as one's strength holds out: dum vires suppetunt
- as long as I live: dum vita suppetit; dum (quoad) vivo
- I cannot wait till..: nihil mihi longius est or videtur quam dum or quam ut
- dum in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
Maia
Adjective
dum
Middle English
Adjective
dum
- Alternative form of dumb
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
From Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. Cognate with English dumb, Danish dum and Swedish dum, Icelandic dumbur, Dutch dom, German dumm.
Adjective
dum (neuter singular dumt, definite singular and plural dumme, comparative dummere, indefinite superlative dummest, definite superlative dummeste)
Derived terms
References
- “dum” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology
From Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-.
Pronunciation
Adjective
dum (neuter singular dumt, definite singular and plural dumme, comparative dummare, indefinite superlative dummast, definite superlative dummaste)
References
- “dum” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old French
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Old Norse dúnn (“down, feathers”), from Proto-Germanic *dūnaz. Cognate with English down, German Daun.
Noun
dum m
- down, feathers of small birds used as insulation material in duvets and sleeping bags
Descendants
Old Irish
Noun
dum
- Alternative form of daum
Mutation
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
dum | dum pronounced with /ð(ʲ)-/ |
ndum |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Old Javanese
Etymology
Unknown, probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *t1um (“collection, accumulation”) (compare to Khmer ដុំ (dom, “loaf; piece, block, chunk, part; pile, cluster, bunch”), Eastern Cham ḍaum (“group”)). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
Noun
dum
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Descendants
Polish
Pronunciation
Noun
dum f
Portuguese
Alternative forms
Etymology
From earlier d'um, from de (“of”) + um (“a”, masculine singular indefinite article).
Pronunciation
- Hyphenation: dum
Contraction
dum (feminine duma, masculine plural duns, feminine plural dumas)
Usage notes
- The contraction of de + um / uma is never obligatory and sometimes associated with spoken language. In a few cases it is not possible:
- When de is part of a preposition, as in em vez de:[1]
- Em vez de um escalão ter três anos, ...
- When um is a numeral:
- Trata-se de um ou dois dias.
References
Saterland Frisian
Etymology
From Old Frisian dumb, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz. More at dumb.
Adjective
dum
Derived terms
References
- Marron C. Fort (2015) “dum”, in Saterfriesisches Wörterbuch mit einer phonologischen und grammatischen Übersicht, Buske, →ISBN
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish dumber, from Old Norse dumbr, from Proto-Germanic *dumbaz, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewbʰ-. Compare Norwegian dumb, Danish dum, Icelandic dumbur, English dumb, Dutch dom and German dumm.
Pronunciation
Adjective
dum (comparative dummare, superlative dummast)
- stupid, dumb
- Du är inte så dum som du ser ut
- You're not as stupid as you look
- causing trouble or annoyance
- Dumt att den inte levereras förrän imorgon. Det kommer ställa till med problem.
- It's a shame that it won't be delivered until tomorrow. It's going to cause trouble.
- En kopp kaffe vore inte dumt
- A cup of coffee would be nice (wouldn't be bad)
- (often childish) mean, cruel, misbehaving, naughty
- Han var dum mot mig!
- He was mean to me!
- Mamma sa till Olle att sluta vara dum
- Mom told Olle to stop being naughty
- Jag borde inte sagt elaka saker till honom. Det var dumt gjort.
- I shouldn't have said mean things to him. It was a stupid thing to do. (not childish – leans more towards morally bad, like in English)
Declension
Inflection of dum | |||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative2 |
Common singular | dum | dummare | dummast |
Neuter singular | dumt | dummare | dummast |
Plural | dumma | dummare | dummast |
Masculine plural3 | dumme | dummare | dummast |
Definite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Masculine singular1 | dumme | dummare | dummaste |
All | dumma | dummare | dummaste |
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic |
Derived terms
References
Talysh
Etymology
Cognate with Persian دم (dom).
Noun
dum
Tarifit
Etymology
Borrowed from Moroccan Arabic دام (dām).
Pronunciation
Verb
dum (Tifinagh spelling ⴷⵓⵎ)
- (intransitive) to last, to subsist, to perpetuate
Conjugation
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
Uzbek
Other scripts | |
---|---|
Cyrillic | дум |
Latin | dum |
Perso-Arabic |
Etymology
Noun
dum (plural dumlar)
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- ISO 639-2
- ISO 639-3
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with homophones
- Rhymes:English/ʌm
- Rhymes:English/ʌm/1 syllable
- English terms derived from Hindi
- English lemmas
- English adjectives
- English uncomparable adjectives
- Indian English
- en:Cooking
- English interjections
- English terms with quotations
- English nonstandard terms
- English humorous terms
- English pronunciation spellings
- Balinese non-lemma forms
- Balinese romanizations
- Danish terms derived from Old Norse
- Danish terms derived from German
- Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Danish/ɔm
- Rhymes:Danish/ɔm/1 syllable
- Danish lemmas
- Danish adjectives
- Esperanto terms derived from Latin
- Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Esperanto terms with audio links
- Esperanto lemmas
- Esperanto prepositions
- Esperanto terms with usage examples
- Esperanto BRO1
- Ido terms derived from Esperanto
- Ido terms derived from Latin
- Ido terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ido lemmas
- Ido prepositions
- Ido terms with usage examples
- Javanese terms inherited from Old Javanese
- Javanese terms derived from Old Javanese
- Javanese lemmas
- Javanese verbs
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin 1-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin conjunctions
- Latin terms with usage examples
- Latin terms with quotations
- Latin adverbs
- Old Latin
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook
- Latin subordinating conjunctions
- Maia lemmas
- Maia adjectives
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English adjectives
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål adjectives
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms with IPA pronunciation
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk adjectives
- Old French terms borrowed from Old Norse
- Old French terms derived from Old Norse
- Old French terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old French lemmas
- Old French nouns
- Old French masculine nouns
- Old Irish non-lemma forms
- Old Irish noun forms
- Old Javanese terms with unknown etymologies
- Old Javanese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer
- Old Javanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Javanese lemmas
- Old Javanese nouns
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/um
- Rhymes:Polish/um/1 syllable
- Polish non-lemma forms
- Polish noun forms
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese non-lemma forms
- Portuguese contractions
- Saterland Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian
- Saterland Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Saterland Frisian lemmas
- Saterland Frisian adjectives
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Swedish terms derived from Old Norse
- Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Swedish terms with audio links
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish adjectives
- Swedish terms with usage examples
- Swedish childish terms
- Talysh lemmas
- Talysh nouns
- Tarifit terms borrowed from Moroccan Arabic
- Tarifit terms derived from Moroccan Arabic
- Tarifit lemmas
- Tarifit verbs
- Tarifit intransitive verbs
- Uzbek terms derived from Persian
- Uzbek lemmas
- Uzbek nouns