dharma

See also: Dharma

English

Alternative forms

• Dharma

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit धर्म (dhárma, “that which upholds or supports”). The definitions pertaining to Buddhism are influenced by dhamma, a loan word from Pali. Doublet of dhamma and firm.

Pronunciation

• (UK) IPA^(key): /ˈdɑːmə/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (US) IPA^(key): /ˈdɑɹ.mə/
• (India) IPA^(key): /ˈd̪ʱəɾ.mə/, /d̪ʱəɾm/
• Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)mə

Noun

dharma (countable and uncountable, plural dharmas)

1. (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism) The natural order of the universe; natural law, cosmic order.

   Antonym: adharma

2. (Hinduism) One's obligation in respect to one's position in society, or the universe; one's duty, societally or cosmically.
3. (Buddhism) The teachings of the Buddha as one's personal path to enlightenment.
4. (Buddhism) The teachings of the Buddha as a practice to be promulgated and taught.
5. (Jainism) Rule of conduct.

Derived terms

• Buddha-dharma
• dharma talk
• dharmic, Dharmic

Related terms

• Sanatana Dharma ("the eternal way, Hinduism")

Translations

principle that orders the universe

• Arabic: دَارْمَا (dārmā)
• Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀥𑀁𑀫 (dhaṃma)
• Balinese: ᬥᬃᬫ (dharma)
• Bengali: নিরঁজন (nirõjon), ধর্ম (bn) (dhormo)
• Bhojpuri: धर्म (dharma)
• Burmese: ဓမ္မ (my) (dhamma.), တရား (my) (ta.ra:)
• Chakma: please add this translation if you can
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 法 (zh) (fǎ)

• Czech: dharma f
• Doteli: धर्म (dharma)
• Dutch: dharma
• Esperanto: darmo (eo)
• Finnish: dharma
• French: dharma (fr) m
• German: Dharma
• Greek: ντάρμα (ntárma)

  Ancient Greek: εὐσέβειᾰ (eusébeia)

• Gujarati: ધર્મ (dharma)
• Hindi: धर्म (hi) m (dharm), कर्तव्य (hi) m (kartavya), निरंजन (hi) m (nirañjan)
• Indonesian: please add this translation if you can
• Japanese: 法 (ja) (ほう, hō)
• Javanese: please add this translation if you can
• Kachchi: ધર્મ (dharma)
• Kannada: ಧರ್ಮ (kn) (dharma)
• Khmer: ធម៌ (km) (thɔə), ធម្ម (km) (thŏəm)
• Konkani: धर्म (dharma)
• Korean: 법(法) (ko) (beop)
• Lao: ທຳ (tham), ທັມ (tham)
• Lü: ᦒᧄ (tham)
• Maithili: धर्म (dharma)
• Malay: darma
• Malayalam: ധർമ്മം (ml) (dhaṟmmaṁ)
• Manchu: please add this translation if you can
• Marathi: धर्म (mr) m (dharma)
• Mon: please add this translation if you can
• Mongolian: please add this translation if you can
• Nepali: धर्म (dharma)
• Northern Thai: ᨵᩢᨾ᩠ᨾ᩺
• Odia: ଧର୍ମ (or) (dharma)
• Pali: dhamma
• Polish: dharma (pl) f
• Portuguese: darma (pt) m
• Russian: дха́рма (ru) f (dxárma)
• Sanskrit: धर्म (sa) m (dharma)
• Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀥𑀫𑁆𑀫 (dhamma)
• Shan: ထမ်ႇမႃႉ (thàm mâ̰a), ထမ်ႇ (thàm)
• Sinhalese: please add this translation if you can
• Slovak: dharma f
• Spanish: dharma m
• Sylheti: ꠗꠞ꠆ꠝꠧ (dórmo)
• Tamil: தருமம் (ta) (tarumam)
• Telugu: ధర్మము (te) (dharmamu)
• Thai: ธรรม (th) (tam), ธรรมะ (th) (tam-má)
• Tibetan: ལྷ་ཆོས (lha chos)
• Urdu: دھرم m (dharm)
• Vietnamese: pháp (vi)

teachings of the Buddha

• Burmese: ဓမ္မ (my) (dhamma.), တရား (my) (ta.ra:)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 法 (zh) (fǎ)

• Finnish: dharma
• Japanese: 法 (ja) (ほう, hō)
• Khmer: ធម៌ (km) (tʰoa)
• Korean: 법(法) (ko) (beop)
• Lao: ທຳ (tham)
• Lü: ᦒᧄ (tham)
• Malay: darma
• Marathi: धर्म (mr) (dharma)
• Mongolian: ном (mn) (nom)
• Polish: dharma (pl) f
• Portuguese: darma (pt) m
• Russian: дха́рма (ru) f (dxárma)
• Thai: ธรรม (th) (tam)
• Tibetan: ཆོས (chos)
• Vietnamese: pháp (vi)

See also

• karma

Balinese

Romanization

dharma

1. Romanization of ᬥᬃᬫ

Dutch

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit धर्म (dharma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdɑr.maː/
• Hyphenation: dhar‧ma
• Rhymes: -ɑrmaː

Noun

dharma m (uncountable)

1. dharma (order of the universe, society, etc.; one's social or religious duty in Hinduism; teachings of the Buddha)

Derived terms

• dharmisch

Irish

Noun

dharma m (genitive singular dharma)

1. Alternative spelling of darma

Italian

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit धर्म (dharma, “that which upholds or supports”). Doublet of firma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdar.ma/
• Rhymes: -arma
• Hyphenation: dhàr‧ma

Noun

dharma m (invariable)

1. dharma

Old Javanese

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit धर्म (dharma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dar.ma/
• Rhymes: -ma
• Hyphenation: dhar‧ma

Noun

dharma

1. dharma:
   1. (Hinduism, Buddhism) the natural order of the universe; natural law, cosmic order.
   2. (Hinduism) one's obligation in respect to one's position in society, or the universe; one's duty, societally or cosmically.
   3. (Buddhism) doctrine, truth: the teachings of the Buddha as one's personal path to enlightenment.
2. benevolence, piety, righteousness, virtue
3. nature, property
4. religious foundation, temple

Adjective

dharma

1. benevolent, charitable, pious, righteous, virtuous

Derived terms

• amadharmakĕn
• dhinarma
• dhinarman
• kadharma
• kadharman
• madharma
• madharmakĕn
• makadharma
• maṅdharmakĕn
• padharma
• pinadharmakĕn
• pinakadharma
• sadharma

 

• adharma
• alpadharma
• amitadharma
• anak iṅ dharma
• atidharma
• buddhidharma
• dharma haji
• dharma lĕpas
• dharmabuddhi
• dharmacakra
• dharmacintana
• dharmacitta
• dharmadeśana
• dharmadhara
• dharmadwaya
• dharmajña
• dharmajñāna
• dharmakriyā
• dharmakuśala
• dharmakāraṇa
• dharmakāri
• dharmakārya
• dharmakāñcana
• dharmakāñcanasiddhi
• dharmakīrti
• dharmakṣatriya
• dharmakṣetra
• dharmamārga
• dharmamūrti
• dharmamūrtika
• dharmapara
• dharmaparārtha
• dharmaparāyaṇa
• dharmapatnī
• dharmaprawaktā
• dharmaprawṛtti
• dharmapriya
• dharmapuruṣa
• dharmaputra
• dharmarakṣaka
• dharmasamaya
• dharmasatya
• dharmasinta
• dharmasmaraṇa
• dharmasthiti
• dharmasthāna
• dharmaswabhāwa
• dharmaswāmi
• dharmasādhana
• dharmasīma
• dharmatattwa
• dharmatulā
• dharmawacana
• dharmawighna
• dharmawyawasāya
• dharmayuddha
• dharmayuddhakarma
• dharmayukti
• dharmaśaraṇa
• dharmaśāla
• dharmaśāsana
• dharmaśāstra
• dharmaśāstropadeśa
• dharmaśīla
• dharmābhiṣeka
• dharmādharma
• dharmādhikaraṇa
• dharmādhyakṣa
• dharmāhoratra
• dharmālambana
• dharmānurāga
• dharmārthakāma
• dharmātma
• dharmātmaja
• dharmāwasāna
• dānadharma
• iṣṭidharma
• kṣatriyadharma
• kṣatriyadharma
• lokikadharma
• paramadharma
• paramārthadharma
• parārthadharma
• puṇyadharma
• saṅ makadharma huripta
• sudharma
• swadharma
• sānak dharma
• ugradharma
• śūnyadharma

 

Descendants

• > Javanese: ꦢꦂꦩ (darma) (inherited)
• → Balinese: ᬥᬃᬫ (darma, dharma)

Further reading

• "dharma" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Portuguese

Noun

dharma m (plural dharmas)

1. Alternative spelling of darma