guma

See also: guma' and gumă

Afar

Guma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡuˈma/ [ɡʊˈmʌ]
• Hyphenation: gu‧ma

Noun

gumá f (singulative gumáytu m)

1. (collective) vultures

Declension

Declension of gumá
absolutive	gumá
predicative	gumá
subjective	gumá
genitive	gumá
Postpositioned forms l-case gumál k-case gumák t-case gumát h-case gumáh

References

• E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “guma”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN

Czech

Alternative forms

• gumma (obsolete)

Etymology

Borrowed from German Gumma, from New Latin gumma, from Latin gummi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡuma]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uma
• Hyphenation: gu‧ma

Noun

guma f

1. rubber (material)
2. eraser, rubber
3. (informal) condom

Declension

Declension of guma (hard feminine)

	singular	plural
nominative	guma	gumy
genitive	gumy	gum
dative	gumě	gumám
accusative	gumu	gumy
vocative	gumo	gumy
locative	gumě	gumách
instrumental	gumou	gumami

Derived terms

• gumáky
• gumárna
• gumovat
• gumovník
• gumový

 

Further reading

• “guma”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “guma”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Gothic

Romanization

guma

1. Romanization of 𐌲𐌿𐌼𐌰

Hausa

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡú.màː/
  • (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [ɡʷʊ́.màː]

Verb

gumā̀ (grade 1)

1. to fill one's mouth with a liquid

Icelandic

Etymology

From gum (“exaggeration, boasting”) +‎ -a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʏːma/
• Rhymes: -ʏːma

Verb

guma (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative gumaði, supine gumað)

1. (intransitive, with preposition af) to boast, to exaggerate

   Synonym: stæra sig

Conjugation

guma — active voice (germynd)

infinitive (nafnháttur)		að guma
supine (sagnbót)		gumað
present participle (lýsingarháttur nútíðar)		gumandi
	indicative (framsöguháttur)			subjunctive (viðtengingarháttur)
present (nútíð)	ég guma	við gumum	present (nútíð)	ég gumi	við gumum
	þú gumar	þið gumið		þú gumir	þið gumið
	hann, hún, það gumar	þeir, þær, þau guma		hann, hún, það gumi	þeir, þær, þau gumi
past (þátíð)	ég gumaði	við gumuðum	past (þátíð)	ég gumaði	við gumuðum
	þú gumaðir	þið gumuðuð		þú gumaðir	þið gumuðuð
	hann, hún, það gumaði	þeir, þær, þau gumuðu		hann, hún, það gumaði	þeir, þær, þau gumuðu
imperative (boðháttur)	guma (þú)	gumið (þið)
	Forms with appended personal pronoun
	gumaðu	gumiði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

Irish

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

guma m (genitive singular guma, nominative plural gumaí)

1. (arboriculture) gum
2. (chewing-)gum

   Synonym: guma coganta

Declension

Declension of guma

Fourth declension

Bare forms Case Singular Plural Nominative guma gumaí Vocative a ghuma a ghumaí Genitive guma gumaí Dative guma gumaí

Forms with the definite article Case Singular Plural Nominative an guma na gumaí Genitive an ghuma na ngumaí Dative leis an nguma don ghuma leis na gumaí

Derived terms

• crann guma (“gum-tree”)
• guma a chur ar rud (“to gum something”)
• guma arabach (“gum arabic”)
• guma nicitín (“nicotine gum”)
• guma peirc (“gutta-percha”)
• gumach (“gummy”, adjective)
• gumaigh (“gum”, transitive verb)
• gumleaistic (“gum elastic”)
• gumroisín (“gum resin”)
• póirín guma (“sweetmeat”)

 

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
guma	ghuma	nguma
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “guma”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “guma”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “guma”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

Lithuanian

Noun

gumà f (plural gùmos) stress pattern 4

1. gum
2. rubber

Declension

Declension of gumà

	singular (vienaskaita)	plural (daugiskaita)
nominative (vardininkas)	gumà	gùmos
genitive (kilmininkas)	gumõs	gumų̃
dative (naudininkas)	gùmai	gumóms
accusative (galininkas)	gùmą	gumàs
instrumental (įnagininkas)	gumà	gumomìs
locative (vietininkas)	gumojè	gumosè
vocative (šauksmininkas)	gùma	gùmos

Maguindanao

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish goma.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Maguindanaon) IPA^(key): /ˈɡuma/ [ˈɡu.mʌ]
• Rhymes: -uma
• Syllabification: gu‧ma

Noun

guma (Jawi spelling ݢُوْمَ)

1. rubber

   Synonym: guta

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gumō.

Cognates

Germanic cognates include Old Saxon gumo, Old High German gumo, gomo, Old Norse gumi (Icelandic gumi and Norwegian gume), Gothic 𐌲𐌿𐌼𐌰 (guma). The Indo-European root is also the source of Latin homō, Proto-Balto-Slavic *źmṓ (Lithuanian žmogùs).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡu.mɑ/, [ˈɣu.mɑ]

Noun

guma m (nominative plural guman)

1. (poetic) man, hero
   • Beowulf, ll. 20–21:

     Swā sceal geong guma  gōde gewyrcean,
     fromum feoh-giftum  on fæder bearme

     So should a young man do good deeds
     by fine treasure-gifts while in his father's keeping

Declension

Declension of guma (weak)

Case	Singular	Plural
nominative	guma	guman
accusative	guman	guman
genitive	guman	gumena
dative	guman	gumum

Synonyms

• beorn
• hæleþ
• mæċġ
• mann
• rinc
• secg
• wer

Derived terms

• brȳdguma
• gumcynn

 

Descendants

• Middle English: gome, gom, gomme, gone, goom, goome, gume
  • English: gome
  • Scots: gome

Old Norse

Noun

guma

1. inflection of gumi:
   1. indefinite accusative singular/plural
   2. indefinite dative/genitive singular

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from German Gumma, from New Latin gumma, from Latin gummi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡu.ma/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uma
• Syllabification: gu‧ma

Noun

guma f (diminutive gumka)

1. rubber (substance)
2. chewing gum
3. (colloquial) flat tire
4. (colloquial) rubber, condom

Declension

Declension of guma

	singular	plural
nominative	guma	gumy
genitive	gumy	gum
dative	gumie	gumom
accusative	gumę	gumy
instrumental	gumą	gumami
locative	gumie	gumach
vocative	gumo	gumy

Derived terms

adjective

• gumowy

 

nouns

• asfaltoguma
• guma balonowa
• gumka

 

See also

• złapać gumę

Further reading

• guma in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• guma in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Etymology 1

From gumă +‎ -a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɡuˈma]

Verb

a guma (third-person singular present gumează, past participle gumat) 1st conj.

1. to gum

Conjugation

    conjugation of guma (first conjugation, -ez- infix)

infinitive			a guma
gerund			gumând
past participle			gumat
number		singular			plural
person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	gumez	gumezi	gumează	gumăm	gumați	gumează
	imperfect	gumam	gumai	guma	gumam	gumați	gumau
	simple perfect	gumai	gumași	gumă	gumarăm	gumarăți	gumară
	pluperfect	gumasem	gumaseși	gumase	gumaserăm	gumaserăți	gumaseră
subjunctive		eu	tu	el/ea	noi	voi	ei/ele
	present	să gumez	să gumezi	să gumeze	să gumăm	să gumați	să gumeze
imperative		—	tu	—	—	voi	—
	affirmative		gumează			gumați
	negative		nu guma			nu gumați

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡuma]

Noun

guma f

1. definite nominative/accusative singular of gumă

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Latin gummi/cummi, from Ancient Greek κόμμι (kómmi), from Egyptian qmy (“anointing oil”), qmyt (“acanthus resin, gum”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡûma/
• Hyphenation: gu‧ma

Noun

gȕma f (Cyrillic spelling гу̏ма)

1. rubber
2. tyre / tire
3. chewing gum

Declension

Declension of guma

	singular	plural
nominative	gȕma	gume
genitive	gume	gȗmā
dative	gumi	gumama
accusative	gumu	gume
vocative	gumo	gume
locative	gumi	gumama
instrumental	gumom	gumama

Synonyms

• žvaka (chewing gum)

Sidamo

Guma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡuma/
• Hyphenation: gu‧ma

Noun

guma m (plural gumma f)

1. fruit, berry

References

• Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 81
• Gizaw Shimelis, editor (2007), “guma”, in Sidaama-Amharic-English dictionary, Addis Ababa: Sidama Information and Culture department

West Makian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡu.ma/

Verb

guma

1. (stative) to be full

Conjugation

Conjugation of guma (stative verb)
		singular	plural
			inclusive	exclusive
1st person		tiguma	miguma	aguma
2nd person		niguma	figuma
3rd person	inanimate	iguma	diguma
	animate	maguma
imperative		—, guma	—, guma

References

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982) The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[1], Pacific linguistics