jagama
Estonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *jakadak, from Proto-Uralic *jëka-. Cognate to Finnish jakaa. Cognates include Finnish jakaa, Livonian jaggõ, Votic jakka, Ingrian jakkaa, Livvi jagua, Ludian d'agada, and Veps jagada; Northern Sami juohkit (from Proto-Samic *juokētēk), Erzya and Moksha явомс (javoms), Udmurt люкыны (ľukyny) and Komi-Zyrian юкны (jukny); possibly also Southern Khanty [script needed] (jaχəl, “branch”), Central Mansi [script needed] (jåχtit, “border between the nape and the neck”), Central Mansi [script needed] (jåχtit, “border between the nape and the neck”), Central Mansi [script needed] (jåχtit, “border between the nape and the neck”), Tundra Nenets яхась (yaxasʹ°, “to skin”), Forest Enets [script needed] (ďoha-, “to dismember”), Nganasan [script needed] (ďegətə-, “to dismember”), Southern Selkup [script needed] (ćak͔ǝ-, “to dismember”), Kamassian чагарзьәт (ćagarźət, “to cut”) and Mator тчяга- (čagә-, “to cut out”), although these are semantically uncertain.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]jagama (da-infinitive jagada)
- (transitive) to divide (to make into pieces or conceptual parts) [with translative or illative ‘into’]
- Jagasime õuna neljaks. ― We divided the apple into four.
- Mündid jagati nelja hunnikusse. ― The coins were divided into four piles.
- Õpetaja jagas õpilased kahte rühma. ― The teacher split the students into two groups.
- Eesriie jagab toa pooleks. ― The curtain divides the room in half.
- Tabel on lahtriteks jagatud. ― The spreadsheet is divided into cells.
- Ekvaator jagab Maa põhja- ja lõunapoolkeraks. ― The equator divides the Earth into the northern and southern hemispheres.
- Aasta on jagatud 12 kuuks. ― A year is divided into 12 months.
- Häälikud jagatakse täishäälikuteks ja kaashäälikuteks. ― Phonemes are divided into vowels and consonants.
- Synonym: jaotama
- (transitive) to hand out, to give out; to distribute (to give something in parts to several people) [with allative or peale ‘to; over (a period of time, space, etc.)’]
- Võitjatele jagati auhindu. ― Prizes were given out to the winners.
- Kes jagab mängijatele kaardid? ― Who deals the cards to the players?
- Kas näitlejaile on osad juba jagatud? ― Have the parts already been distributed to the actors?
- karistusi jagama ― to hand out punishments
- Meister on jaganud oma oskusi paljudele õpilastele. ― The master has shared his skills with many students.
- kellelegi lohutust jagama ― to offer consolance to somebody
- Tööd jagati mitme päeva peale. ― The work was spread over several days.
- Surve on jagatud ühtlaselt kogu pinnale. ― Pressure is evenly distributed over the entire surface.
- Synonyms: jaotama, välja jagama
- (transitive, mathematics) to divide [with comitative ‘by’]
- Kaheksa jagada neljaga on kaks. ― Eight divided by four is two.
- Antonym: korrutama
- (transitive, usually atelic) to share (to use sth communally with sb; to give up part of one's own to sb else or to become part of sb else's own)
- Neil tuli kahekesi väikest tuba jagada. ― The two of them had to share a small room.
- Kaks võistlejat jäid võrdsel punktiseisul esikohta jagama. ― Two competitors were tied for first place. (literally, “... were left to share the first place.”)
- Ta ei võinud oma saladust kellegagi jagada. ― She couldn't share her secret with anyone.
- to share (to experience or feel the same way as sb else)
- Riik jagas hiljem oma naabermaade saatust. ― The country later shared the fate of its neighbours.
- kellegagi rõõme ja muresid jagama ― to share one's joys and sorrows with someone
- Jagan täielikult ta seisukohta. ― I fully share his/her point of view.
- (intransitive, colloquial) to understand, to grasp, to get it, to catch on, to comprehend
- Ei tema jaga põllumajandusest midagi. ― (S)he doesn't know anything about agriculture.
- Ma pole matemaatikat kunagi jaganud. ― I've never understood math.
- Kui pea ei jaga, siis jagavad jalad. (proverb) ― If the head doesn't get it, the legs will.
- (intransitive, colloquial) to bicker, to quarrel
Conjugation
[edit]indicative | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
present | perfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | jagan | ei jaga | 1st sing. | olen jaganud | ei ole jaganud pole jaganud | ||||
2nd sing. | jagad | 2nd sing. | oled jaganud | ||||||
3rd sing. | jagab | 3rd sing. | on jaganud | ||||||
1st plur. | jagame | 1st plur. | oleme jaganud | ||||||
2nd plur. | jagate | 2nd plur. | olete jaganud | ||||||
3rd plur. | jagavad | 3rd plur. | on jaganud | ||||||
impersonal | jagatakse | ei jagata | impersonal | on jagatud | ei ole jagatud pole jagatud | ||||
past | pluperfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | jagasin | ei jaganud | 1st sing. | olin jaganud | ei olnud jaganud polnud jaganud | ||||
2nd sing. | jagasid | 2nd sing. | olid jaganud | ||||||
3rd sing. | jagas | 3rd sing. | oli jaganud | ||||||
1st plur. | jagasime | 1st plur. | olime jaganud | ||||||
2nd plur. | jagasite | 2nd plur. | olite jaganud | ||||||
3rd plur. | jagasid | 3rd plur. | oli jaganud | ||||||
impersonal | jagati | ei jagatud | impersonal | oli jagatud | ei olnud jagatud polnud jagatud | ||||
conditional | |||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | jagaksin | ei jagaks | 1st sing. | jaganuksin oleksin jaganud |
ei jaganuks ei oleks jaganud poleks jaganud | ||||
2nd sing. | jagaksid | 2nd sing. | jaganuksid oleksid jaganud | ||||||
3rd sing. | jagaks | 3rd sing. | jaganuks oleks jaganud | ||||||
1st plur. | jagaksime | 1st plur. | jaganuksime oleksime jaganud | ||||||
2nd plur. | jagaksite | 2nd plur. | jaganuksite oleksite jaganud | ||||||
3rd plur. | jagaksid | 3rd plur. | jaganuksid oleksid jaganud | ||||||
impersonal | jagataks | ei jagataks | impersonal | oleks jagatud | ei oleks jagatud poleks jagatud | ||||
imperative | |||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||
person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
2nd sing. | jaga | ära jaga | 2nd sing. | ole jaganud | ära ole jaganud | ||||
3rd sing. | jagagu | ärgu jagagu | 3rd sing. | olgu jaganud | ärgu olgu jaganud | ||||
1st plur. | jagagem | ärme jagame ärme jaga ärgem jagagem |
1st plur. | olgem jaganud | ärme oleme jaganud ärme ole jaganud ärgem olgem jaganud | ||||
2nd plur. | jagage | ärge jagage | 2nd plur. | olge jaganud | ärge olge jaganud | ||||
3rd plur. | jagagu | ärgu jagagu | 3rd plur. | olgu jaganud | ärgu olgu jaganud | ||||
impersonal | jagatagu | ärgu jagatagu | impersonal | olgu jagatud | ärgu olgu jagatud | ||||
quotative | |||||||||
present | perfect | ||||||||
voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
active | jagavat | ei jagavat | active | olevat jaganud | ei olevat jaganud polevat jaganud | ||||
passive | jagatavat | ei jagatavat | passive | olevat jagatud | ei olevat jagatud polevat jagatud | ||||
Nominal forms | |||||||||
ma-infinitive | active | passive | da-infinitive | present | past | ||||
nominative | jagama | jagatama | nominative | jagada | olla jaganud | ||||
illative | — | inessive | jagades | olles jaganud | |||||
inessive | jagamas | participle | active | passive | |||||
elative | jagamast | present | jagav | jagatav | |||||
translative | jagamaks | past | jaganud | jagatud | |||||
abessive | jagamata | negative | jagamatu | — |
Derived terms
[edit]Compound verbs
[edit]References
[edit]- Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Finnic
- Estonian terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Estonian terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Estonian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Estonian terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Estonian/ɑɡɑmɑ
- Rhymes:Estonian/ɑɡɑmɑ/3 syllables
- Estonian lemmas
- Estonian verbs
- Estonian transitive verbs
- Estonian terms with usage examples
- et:Mathematics
- Estonian intransitive verbs
- Estonian colloquialisms
- Estonian elama-type verbs