ka-
English
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ka-
- Alternative form of ker-
Derived terms
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Bikol Central
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ka-
- Forms a noun that denotes partnership or companionship; co-
Derived terms
[edit]Cebuano
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ka- (Badlit spelling ᜃ)
- (added to adjectives) denotes a state of being; -ness
- (added to an adjective) used in exclamations; how...
- (added to nouns or verbs) denotes partnership or companionship; co-
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ka- (Badlit spelling ᜃ)
- Short for maka-.
Japanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]ka-
Javanese
[edit]Romanization
[edit]ka-
- Romanization of ꦏ-
Kangean
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ka- (verb base)
- accidental aspect of the passive intransitive verb
Kimbundu
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *kà-.
Prefix
[edit]ka- (plural tu-)
- noun class prefix, used with a diminutive meaning
Derived terms
[edit]Minangkabau
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ka-
- Used to form ordinal numbers
Mohawk
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ka-
- third person feminine/neuter agent pronominal prefix
Alternative forms
[edit]- | Initial consonant | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Environment | t/s/h/k | n/r/w/’ | a | e/en | o/on | i | y |
Word-Initial | ka- | ka- | w- | w- | i- | ken- | ka- |
Prefix
[edit]ka-
- noun prefix
References
[edit]- Gunther Michelson (1973) A thousand words of Mohawk, University of Ottawa Press, page 9
- Nora Deering, Helga H. Delisle (1976) Mohawk: A teaching grammar (preliminary version), Quebec: Manitou College, page 173
Mokilese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ka-
- Used to form causative verbs
Usage notes
[edit]This prefix sometimes takes the forms koa-, ke- and ko-.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ka-
- Used to form ordinal numbers
Northern Ndebele
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
[edit]ka-
Old High German
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ka-
Old Javanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-.
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ka-
- passive verb-forming prefix
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Phuthi
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
[edit]ka-
- -ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.
Derived terms
[edit]South Efate
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Probably related to South Efate go
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ka-
- and (forms dependent verbs)
Southern Ndebele
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
[edit]ka-
Sundanese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-.
Prefix
[edit]ka- (Sundanese script ᮊ-)
- verb-forming prefix
- accidental aspect of the passive transitive verb
- perfective aspect of the passive transitive verb
- implies that the action can be done
- noun-forming prefix
Usage notes
[edit]- Not all roots can be prefixed with -ka only. Some verbs, due to semantic reasons, must feature the suffix -an.[1] For example:
- ka- + merdika (“free, independent”) + -an → kamerdikaan (“independence”)
- ka- + kalangkang (“shadow”) + -an → kakalangkangan (“to become overshadowed”)
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ika-, from Proto-Austronesian *Sika-. Compare Malay ke-, Tagalog ika-
Prefix
[edit]ka-
- numeral-forming prefix
References
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- Maman Sumantri, Atjep Djamaludin, Achmad Patoni, R.H. Moch. Koerdie, M.O. Koesman, Epa Sjafei Adisastra. (1985) Kamus Sunda-Indonesia [Sundanese-Indonesian Dictionary] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Department of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia
Swahili
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ka-
- third-person singular animate (m class(I)) recent-past perfective marker
- 2013, “Rais Obama kaondoka, tusirudie maisha ya aibu”, in Mwananchi[1]:
- Rais Obama kaondoka, tusirudie maisha ya aibu
- President Obama has left, let us not return to a life of shame
See also
[edit]Swahili TAM markers | |
---|---|
Initial | |
Positive infinitive | ku-/kw-1 |
Negative infinitive | kuto- |
Habitual | hu-1 |
Telegrammic | ka-1 |
Final | |
General (positive indicative) | -a |
Positive subjunctive | -e |
Negative present | -i |
Second person plural | -ni |
Infix position positive subject concord | |
Positive past | -li- |
Positive present | -na- |
Positive future | -ta- |
Negative subjunctive | -si-1 |
Positive present conditional | -nge- |
Negative present conditional | -singe- |
Positive past conditional | -ngali- |
Negative past conditional | -singali- |
Gnomic | -a-1 |
Perfect | -me- |
"Already" past | -lisha- |
"Already" present | -mesha-/-sha- |
"If/When" | -ki-1 |
"If not" | -sipo- |
Consecutive | -ka-1 |
Infix position negative subject concord | |
Negative past | -ku-1 |
Negative future | -ta- |
"Not yet" | -ja-1 |
Negative present conditional | -nge- |
Negative past conditional | -ngali- |
Relative | |
Past | -li- |
Present | -na- |
Future | -taka- |
Negative | -si- |
1 Can take stress and therefore does not require -ku-/-kw- in monosyllabic verbs. |
Etymology 2
[edit]Ultimately from Proto-Bantu *kà-.
Prefix
[edit]ka-
- (colloquial or dialect, nonstandard) noun class 12 prefix, used with a diminutive or depreciative meaning
Swazi
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
[edit]ka-
- -ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
[edit]ka-
Tagalog
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
[edit]ka- (Baybayin spelling ᜃ)
- implies companionship or partnership when prefixed to a root
- implies similarity or interaction when prefixed to a root noun
- implies repeated action when prefixed to a root that repeats the first syllable
- implies causing or producing something in an extreme degree when prefixed to a root that repeats the first two syllables
- ka- + galang (“respect”) → kagalang-galang (“inspiring great respect”)
- ka- + paniwala (“belief”) → kapani-paniwala (“very plausible”)
- implies recent action when prefixed to a root that repeats the first syllable and followed by lang or lamang
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Tooro
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Bantu *ká-.
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]ka-
- class 12 pronominal concord
- they; class 12 subject concord
- positive imperative form of -ka- (“it; class 12 object concord”)
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary[2], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 414
Xhosa
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
[edit]ka-
- -ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
[edit]ka-
Zulu
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
[edit]ka-
- -ly; forms adverbs of manner from adjectives and relatives.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
[edit]ká-
Etymology 3
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Prefix
[edit]ka-
- Alternative form of ma- (hortative)
References
[edit]- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “ka-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ka-”
- English lemmas
- English prefixes
- Bikol Central lemmas
- Bikol Central prefixes
- Cebuano terms with IPA pronunciation
- Cebuano lemmas
- Cebuano prefixes
- Cebuano terms with Badlit script
- Cebuano short forms
- Japanese non-lemma forms
- Japanese romanizations
- Javanese non-lemma forms
- Javanese romanizations
- Kangean terms with IPA pronunciation
- Kangean lemmas
- Kangean prefixes
- Kimbundu terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Kimbundu terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Kimbundu lemmas
- Kimbundu prefixes
- Minangkabau lemmas
- Minangkabau prefixes
- Mohawk lemmas
- Mohawk prefixes
- Mokilese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Mokilese lemmas
- Mokilese prefixes
- Northern Ndebele lemmas
- Northern Ndebele prefixes
- Northern Ndebele subject concords
- Old High German lemmas
- Old High German prefixes
- Bavarian Old High German
- Old Javanese terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Old Javanese terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Old Javanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Javanese lemmas
- Old Javanese prefixes
- Phuthi lemmas
- Phuthi prefixes
- South Efate terms with IPA pronunciation
- South Efate lemmas
- South Efate prefixes
- Southern Ndebele lemmas
- Southern Ndebele prefixes
- Southern Ndebele subject concords
- Sundanese terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Sundanese terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian
- Sundanese lemmas
- Sundanese prefixes
- Sundanese terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian
- Sundanese terms derived from Proto-Austronesian
- Swahili terms with audio links
- Swahili lemmas
- Swahili prefixes
- Swahili terms with quotations
- Swahili terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Swahili colloquialisms
- Swahili dialectal terms
- Swahili nonstandard terms
- Swazi lemmas
- Swazi prefixes
- Swazi subject concords
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog prefixes
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Tooro terms inherited from Proto-Bantu
- Tooro terms derived from Proto-Bantu
- Tooro terms with IPA pronunciation
- Tooro lemmas
- Tooro prefixes
- Tooro pronominal concords
- Tooro subject concords
- Xhosa lemmas
- Xhosa prefixes
- Xhosa subject concords
- Zulu lemmas
- Zulu prefixes
- Zulu subject concords