-ed
English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (in verbs, past participles, and some denominal adjectives):
- (other denominal adjectives):
Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle English -ede, -eden, from Old English -ode, -odon (class 2 weak past ending), from Proto-Germanic *-ōd-, *-ōdēdun. Cognate with Saterland Frisian -ede (“-ed”, first person singular past indicative ending), Swedish -ade (“-ed”), Icelandic -aði (“-ed”).
Suffix
[edit]-ed
- Used to form past tenses of (regular) verbs. In linguistics, it is used for the base form of any past form. See -t for a variant.
Translations
[edit]
|
Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle English -ed, from Old English -od (class 2 weak past participle), from Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz. Cognate with Saterland Frisian -ed.
Suffix
[edit]-ed
- Used to form past participles of (regular) verbs. See -en and -t for variants.
Etymology 3
[edit]From Middle English -ed, from Old English -od (adjective suffix), from Proto-Germanic *-ōdaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos. While identical in appearance to the past participle of class 2 weak verbs, this suffix was attached directly to nouns without any intervening verb. Cognate with Latin -ātus (whence also a doublet -ate).
Suffix
[edit]-ed
- Used to form possessional adjectives from nouns, in the sense of having the object represented by the noun.
- As an extension of the above, used to form possessional adjectives from adjective-noun pairs.
- red + hair + -ed → red-haired
- left + hand + -ed → left-handed
- two + prong(s) + -ed → two-pronged
Derived terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]See also
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Breton
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ed
Derived terms
[edit]Hungarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From -e- (linking vowel) + -d (possessive suffix).
Suffix
[edit]-ed
- (possessive suffix) your (second-person singular, single possession)
Usage notes
[edit]- (possessive suffix) Variants:
- -d is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -ad is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -od is added to the other back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -ed is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -öd is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
Etymology 2
[edit]From -e- (linking vowel) + -d (personal suffix).
Suffix
[edit]-ed
- (personal suffix) Forms the definite second-person singular indicative present of verbs.
Usage notes
[edit]- (personal suffix) See harmonic variants in the table below.
Person | Back vowel | Front vowel | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | |||
én | 1st person singular | -om | -em | -öm |
te | 2nd person singular | -od | -ed | -öd |
ő maga ön |
3rd person singular or formal 2nd person singular |
-ja | -i | |
mi | 1st person plural | -juk | -jük | |
ti | 2nd person plural | -játok | -itek | |
ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural or formal 2nd person plural |
-ják | -ik | |
See also: present-tense indefinite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. |
Etymology 3
[edit]From -e- (linking vowel) + -d (fraction-forming and verb-forming suffix).
Suffix
[edit]-ed
- (fraction-forming suffix) -th (added to a cardinal number to form a fraction)
- (frequentative verb-forming suffix) Added to a stem to form a verb to indicate repetitive action. No longer productive.
- szenved (“to suffer”)
Usage notes
[edit]- (fraction-forming suffix) Variants:
- (frequentative suffix) Variants:
- -d is found only in a few words as an obscured suffix
- -od is added to back-vowel words
- tapod (“to tread on something”)
- -ad is added to back-vowel words
- -ed is added to unrounded front-vowel words
- szenved (“to suffer”)
- -öd is added to rounded front-vowel words
- bököd (“to repeatedly poke at something”)
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]- Category:Hungarian noun forms
- Category:Hungarian verb forms
- Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes
- Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
Ido
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From French -ée, Italian -ata, Spanish -ada, ultimately from Latin -atus.
Suffix
[edit]-ed
Derived terms
[edit]Middle English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ed
- Forms the past participle of weak verbs.
Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ed
- Alternative form of -hede
References
[edit]- “-(e)d, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Old English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ed
- formed into the likeness of, made into, shaped like, having the qualities of
- Used to form the past participle of class I weak verbs
Old Irish
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ed
- slender form of -ad
Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin -ēte (second-person plural present active imperative ending of second conjugation verbs).
Suffix
[edit]-ed
- used to form the informal second-person plural imperative mood of -er verbs
Swedish
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ed c
Examples |
---|
See also
[edit]- ed (“isthmus”)
Welsh
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Brythonic *-hed, from Proto-Celtic *-isetos.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /ɛd/
- (North Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ad/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ɛd/
Suffix
[edit]-ed
- Forms an equative of an adjective of one or two syllables.
Usage notes
[edit]Causes fortition of final voiced consonant of adjectival roots.
Etymology 2
[edit]Reduced form of -fed. Cognate with Cornish -es.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /ɛd/
- (North Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ad/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ɛd/
Suffix
[edit]-ed
- Used to form the ordinal forms of five and six.
Etymology 3
[edit]Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-tis or Proto-Indo-European *-tus.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /ɛd/
- (North Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ad/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ɛd/
Suffix
[edit]-ed
- Used to form verbal nouns.
Etymology 4
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /ɛd/
- (North Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ad/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ɛd/
Suffix
[edit]-ed
- Used to form nouns.
Etymology 5
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA(key): /ɛd/
- (North Wales, colloquial) IPA(key): /ad/, /ai̯d/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ɛd/
Suffix
[edit]-ed
- Used to form plural nouns.
Usage notes
[edit]-ed is only used in the above two plural forms in Modern Welsh.
Etymology 6
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ed
- (literary) verb suffix for the third-person singular imperative
Etymology 7
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ed
- (literary) verb suffix for the third-person singular imperative
Usage notes
[edit]- Rare in Modern Welsh with a few verbs creating an alternative secondary form.
- ganwyd, ganed ― was born, one bore
- trowyd, troed ― was turned, one turned
- cafwyd, caed ― was had, one had
- daethpwyd, deuwyd, doed ― one came
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 203 iii 8
Further reading
[edit]R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-ed”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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- Rhymes:Hungarian/ɛd/1 syllable
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