-ilis

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See also: ilis

Latin

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Etymology 1

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    From Proto-Italic *-elis, from Proto-Indo-European *-elis, probably from *-lós. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *-ilaz (-le, adjective-forming suffix).

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -ilis (neuter -ile, comparative -ilior, superlative -illimus or -ilissimus); third-declension two-termination suffix

    1. -ile; used to form an adjective of relation, frequently passive, to the verb or root.
      agō (to act) + ‎-ilis → ‎agilis (that may be acted)
      frangō (to break) + ‎-ilis → ‎fragilis (that may be broken)
    2. often attached to the perf. pass. part. stem:
      sedeō (to sit) + ‎-ilis → ‎sessilis (of sitting)
      pendeō (to hang) + ‎-ilis → ‎pēnsilis (hanging)
      flectō (to ply) + ‎-ilis → ‎flexilis (pliable)
    3. (rare) used to form an adjective from a noun or adjective stem, sometimes with passive meaning
      humus (ground, earth) + ‎-ilis → ‎humilis (lowly, humble)
      pār, par- (even, equal) + ‎-ilis → ‎parilis (equal, like)
      herba (grass) + ‎-ilis → ‎herbilis (fed on grass)
    Declension
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    Third-declension two-termination adjective.

    Number Singular Plural
    Case / Gender Masc./Fem. Neuter Masc./Fem. Neuter
    Nominative -ilis -ile -ilēs -ilia
    Genitive -ilis -ilium
    Dative -ilī -ilibus
    Accusative -ilem -ile -ilēs
    -ilīs
    -ilia
    Ablative -ilī -ilibus
    Vocative -ilis -ile -ilēs -ilia
    Synonyms
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    Derived terms
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    Descendants
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    • Aromanian: -ilji
    • Catalan: -il
    • English: -ile
    • French: -ile
    • Italian: -ile
    • Portuguese: -il
    • Romanian: -il, -ie
    • Sicilian: -ili
    • Spanish: -il

    Etymology 2

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    Originally from the above -ilis added to i stems, later used freely.

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -īlis (neuter -īle); third-declension two-termination suffix

    1. -ile; used to form an adjective, usually from a noun, indicating a relationship or a pertaining to.
      aedis (building) + ‎-ilis → ‎aedīlis (of buildings) (attested as substantive)
      hostis (enemy) + ‎-ilis → ‎hostīlis (of the enemy, unfriendly, hostile)
      puer (boy) + ‎-ilis → ‎puerīlis (of boys, boyish, immature)
      erus (master) + ‎-ilis → ‎erīlis (of the master)
    Declension
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    Third-declension two-termination adjective.

    Number Singular Plural
    Case / Gender Masc./Fem. Neuter Masc./Fem. Neuter
    Nominative -īlis -īle -īlēs -īlia
    Genitive -īlis -īlium
    Dative -īlī -īlibus
    Accusative -īlem -īle -īlēs
    -īlīs
    -īlia
    Ablative -īlī -īlibus
    Vocative -īlis -īle -īlēs -īlia
    Derived terms
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    See also

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