-ing
English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- -in', -in (colloquial)
- -ïng (rare or nonstandard)
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ɪŋ/, /ɪn/, /ən/
Audio (Southern England): (file) Audio (US): (file)
- (southern North West England, northern West Midlands, Derbyshire, South Yorkshire, Kent) IPA(key): /ɪŋɡ/[1]
- (Kent, some dialects of General Australian) IPA(key): /ɪŋk/, /ɪŋɡ/
- (US and Canada, sometimes) IPA(key): /in/, /iŋ/[2]
Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Middle English -ing, from Old English -ing, -ung (“-ing”, suffix forming nouns from verbs), from Proto-West Germanic *-ingu, *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō. Cognate with Saterland Frisian -enge (“-ing”), West Frisian -ing (“-ing”), Dutch -ing (“-ing”), Low German -ing, -ink (“-ing”), German -ung (“-ing”), Danish -ing (“-ing”), Swedish -ing (“-ing”), Icelandic -ing (“-ing”).
Suffix
[edit]-ing
- Used to form nouns or noun-like words (or elements of noun phrases) from verbs, denoting the act of doing something, an action, or the embodiment of an action.
- As true nouns.
- My hearing is not good.
- I have had several meetings with him.
- As gerunds.
- Smoking is bad for your health.
- She has a habit of sleeping late.
- I like meeting people.
- As true nouns.
- Used to form nouns denoting materials or systems of objects which are used or employed in an action, or considered collectively.
- Roofing is material that is used to roof.
- Clothing is material with which one is clothed.
- The piping is a system of pipes considered collectively.
Usage notes
[edit]Compare -tion, which can be applied to some (Latinate) nouns with almost the same meaning:
- the activating of the weapon must be stopped
- the act of activating the weapon must be stopped
- the activation of the weapon must be stopped
In the first and third phrases the words in bold are nouns, while in the second phrase the word in bold is a gerund and the noun is act, cognate with action.
There was formerly a tendency for the final vowel of a word to contract when this suffix was added; hence carrying /ˈkæɹ(j)ɪŋ/, /ˈkæɹ(j)ɪn/, following /ˈfɒlwɪŋ/, /ˈfɒlwɪn/, but analogy has usually now resulted in restoration of the full form (e.g., /ˈkæɹi.ɪŋ/, /ˈfɒloʊ.ɪn/). [3] The same kind of analogy has resulted in pronunciations of bottling such as /ˈbɒtəlɪŋ/, /ˈbɒtəlɪn/ (for earlier /ˈbɒtlɪŋ/, /ˈbɒtlɪn/).
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit](collection):
Translations
[edit]The translations below are a guide only. See individual words for precise translations.
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See also
[edit]- (collection): work
Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle English -inge, -ynge, alteration of earlier -inde, -ende, -and (see -and), from Old English -ende (present participle ending), from Proto-West Germanic *-andī, from Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle ending), from Proto-Indo-European *-onts.
Cognate with West Frisian -end, Dutch -end, German -end, Swedish -and, Icelandic -andi, Gothic -𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ands), -𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ōnds), Latin -ans, -ant-, Ancient Greek -ων (-ōn), Sanskrit -अन्त् (-ant). More at -and.
Suffix
[edit]-ing
- Used to form present participles of verbs.
- Rolling stones gather no moss.
- You are making a mess.
- a. 2001, Brian Hall, “Beej's Guide to Network Programming”, “Using Internet Sockets”
- If you are connect()ing to a remote machine […] you can simply call connect(), it'll check to see if the socket is unworthy, and will bind() it to an unused local port if necessary.
Translations
[edit]
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Etymology 3
[edit]From Middle English -ing, from Old English -ing, from Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz. Akin to Old Norse -ingr.
Suffix
[edit]-ing
- (no longer productive) Forming derivative nouns (originally masculine), with the sense ‘son of, belonging to’, as in placenames, patronymics or diminutives; -ite.
- Forming nouns having a specified quality, characteristic, or nature; of the kind of
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Orton, H. et al., The Linguistic Atlas of England, Croom Helm, London: 1978.
- ^ Allan Metcalf, How We Talk: American Regional English, Houghton Mifflin, Boston: 2000, p 143
- ^ Jespersen, Otto (1909) A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles (Sammlung germanischer Elementar- und Handbücher; 9)[1], volumes I: Sounds and Spellings, London: George Allen & Unwin, published 1961, § 9.812, page 275.
Further reading
[edit]- James A. H. Murray [et al.], editors (1884–1928), “-ing¹”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volumes V (H–K), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 281–282.
- James A. H. Murray [et al.], editors (1884–1928), “-ing²”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volumes V (H–K), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 282.
- James A. H. Murray [et al.], editors (1884–1928), “-ing³”, in A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles (Oxford English Dictionary), volumes V (H–K), London: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 282, column 2.
Anagrams
[edit]Danish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse -ing, -ung, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ing c (singular definite -ingen, plural indefinite -inger)
- added to a verb to form a noun for an action or process, the result of or the subject performing such action
- designates a person of a certain origin or with certain qualities
Declension
[edit]Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Dutch
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Middle Dutch -inge, from Old Dutch -inga, -unga, -onga, from Proto-West Germanic *-ingu, *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ungō.
Suffix
[edit]-ing f (plural -ingen, diminutive -inkje or -ingetje)
- Creates action nouns referring to the performance of a verb, or the result thereof.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle Dutch -inc, from Old Dutch -ing, from Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz.
Alternative forms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ing m
- (no longer productive) Forms nouns for a person originating from a place or family.
Usage notes
[edit]The suffix is no longer productive and is not generally recognised in this meaning. It is found in many place names and surnames, however.
East Central German
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ing
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ing m (plural -ings)
- Used to form verbal nouns from verbs
Usage notes
[edit]- Most terms suffixed with -ing are borrowed directly from English, but some are not (e.g., surbooking, relooking).
Fuyug
[edit]Noun
[edit]-ing
References
[edit]- Robert L. Bradshaw, Fuyug grammar sketch (2007)
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from English -ing. Doublet of native -ung.
Suffix
[edit]-ing n (genitive -ings, plural -ings)
- (in English borrowings) -ing
- (productive, colloquial, humorous) Used to form verbal nouns which jocularly imply that something is a sport, trend, or fashionable concept.
- Extremsparing ― extreme saving: saving money as a sport
- Cloud-Abwasching ― cloud dish washing: dish washing following the cloud principle
- 2001, Ulrich Busse, Typen von Anglizismen, in: Gerhard von Stickel (ed.), Neues und Fremdes im deutschen Wortschatz, De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston, p. 131-155 [only a mentioning]
- Typen von Anglizismen: von der heilago geist bis Extremsparing – aufgezeigt anhand ausgewählter lexikographischer Kategorisierungen.
- Types of anglicisms: from der heilago geist [Old High German for “the Holy Spirit”] to extreme saving – illustrated by means of selected lexicographic categorisations.
- 2012, Hans Zippert, “Wir verlagern das ganze Leben in die Internetwolke”, in Website of Die Welt:
- Beim Cloud-Abwasching wird das schmutzige Geschirr einfach ausgelagert, damit es keinen Speicherplatz in der Spüle wegnimmt und jeder darauf zugreifen kann, der die Lizenz zum Abwasch hat.
- In cloud dish washing, the dirty crockery is simply swapped out, so it doesn’t take up any memory in the kitchen sink and everybody who has a wash-up licence can access it.
Usage notes
[edit]- Productive use is chiefly restricted to ad-hoc formations (such as the two examples above).
German Low German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Middle Low German -inc, from Old Saxon -ing, from Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz.
Suffix
[edit]-ing
- (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) Used to form diminutives.
Usage notes
[edit]- Nouns derived with this suffix are neuters and their plural end in -ings.
- The suffix can not only be added to nouns, but also to other parts of speech like adverbs.
Derived terms
[edit]- Bläuming
- Bräuding = Brüderchen (little brother)
- Dirning = Dirnken < Dirn (young girl)
- Döchting = Töchterchen (little daughter)
- fixing
- Körling
- Nahwersching
- nipping
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- Carl Friedrich Müller, Zur Sprache Fritz Reuters. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der mecklenburgischen Mundart, Leipzig: Max Hesse's Verlag, 1902, pp. 41-2, 47.
Hungarian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ing
- (frequentative suffix) Added to a verb or to an onomatopoeic stem to form a verb denoting repetitive action.
- kering (“to circulate, orbit”)
Usage notes
[edit]- (frequentative suffix) Variants:
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]References
[edit]- -ng in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, page 568, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Icelandic
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Norse -ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.
Suffix
[edit]-ing f
- -ing; Indicates an action performed by a verb.
Derived terms
[edit]Middle English
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old English -ing, -ung, from Proto-West Germanic *-ungu, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.
Alternative forms
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ing
- Forms gerunds from verbs, typically referring to the process of performing the verb, but also referring to the effect of the verb, what the verb affects, the capability or permission of performing the verb, or that which performs the verb.
- Forms collective nouns from verbs meaning "to utilise (a given thing)".
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “-ing(e, suf.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-06-27.
Etymology 2
[edit]From Old English -ing, from Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ing
- Forms diminutives; these can be either affective or insulting.
- (marginally productive) Forms nouns meaning "son of".
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “-ing, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-06-27.
Norwegian Bokmål
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Norse -ingr m, -ingi m, -ing f, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ing m or f or m (see below)
- Used to form verbal nouns from verbs; -ing.
- Han var lei av masing. ― He was tired of nagging.
- Used to form demonyms.
Usage notes
[edit]The gender is usually m or f (in Bokmål) if the word ended in -ing in Old Norse and m if it ended in -ingr or -ingi. Living things like islending (“Icelander”) and dumming (“idiot”) are usually m whilst inanimate things like stråling (“radiation”) and eting (“the act of eating”) usually are m or f.
Derived terms
[edit]- austlending
- estlending
- finlending
- flamlending
- færøying
- grønlending
- helgelending
- hjaltlending (Nynorsk)
- hollending
- hordalending
- innlending
- irlending
- islending
- leiglending (Nynorsk)
- leilending (Bokmål)
- lettlending
- nederlending
- newzealending
- nordlending
- nyzealending
- shetlending
- swazilending
- sørlending
- thailending
- utlending
- vestlending
- viking
- østlending
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- “-ing” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old Norse -ing f.
Suffix
[edit]-ing f
- Used to form verbal nouns from verbs; -ing.
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Old Norse -ingr m, -ingi m.
Suffix
[edit]-ing m
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- “-ing” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Ojibwe
[edit]Final
[edit]-ing
- used in certain adverbs
Derived terms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ing
- A suffix denoting the locative form of a noun
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/ing-final
Old English
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Variant of -ung.
Alternative forms
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ing f
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-West Germanic *-ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz.
Suffix
[edit]-ing m
- Forming derivatives of nouns with sense of ‘belonging to, son of’.
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Old Norse
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.
Suffix
[edit]-ing f
- Forms gerund nouns from verbs
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Icelandic: -ing, -ung
- Faroese: -ing
- Norwegian Nynorsk: -ing
- Norwegian Bokmål: -ing
- Old Swedish: -ing, -ung
- Danish: -ing
See also
[edit]Old Sundanese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From aing (“I, me”).
Pronoun
[edit]-ing
- my (clitic possessive of aing (“I, me”))
- 14th century, Pendakian Sri Ajnyana (Kropak 625) [The Ascension of Sri Ajnyana][2], line 10:
- "...Saurna sang Sri Ajnyana: `Adiing, ambet ka dini. Mulah ceurik nangtung dinya!..."
- "Sri Ajnyana said: 'My little sister, please come here. Do not weep, standing there!"
- anaking – my child
- ambuing – my mother
Usage notes
[edit]- Used as suffix.
Old Swedish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Old Norse -ing, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō.
Suffix
[edit]-ing
- Forms gerund nouns from verbs
Declension
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Ottawa
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ing
- locative
References
[edit]Jerry Randolph Valentine (2001) Nishnaabemwin Reference Grammar, University of Toronto, page 194
Polish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ing m inan
Declension
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Scots
[edit]Suffix
[edit]-ing
- Alternative form of -in (“ing”)
Spanish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Unadapted borrowing from English -ing.
Suffix
[edit]-ing m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ings)
- forms verbal nouns from verbs
Usage notes
[edit]- Most terms suffixed with -ing are borrowed directly from English, but some are not (e.g., footing (pseudo-anglicism), puenting, edredoning).
Usage notes
[edit]According to Royal Spanish Academy (RAE) prescriptions, unadapted foreign words should be written in italics in a text printed in roman type, and vice versa, and in quotation marks in a manuscript text or when italics are not available. In practice, this RAE prescription is not always followed.
Derived terms
[edit]Swedish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Inherited from Old Swedish -ing, -ung, from Old Norse -ing, -ung, from Proto-Germanic *-ingō, *-ungō. Cognate with German -ung.
Suffix
[edit]-ing c or f
- Used to form verbal nouns from verbs; -ation.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Old Swedish -inger, from Old Norse -ingr, from Proto-Germanic *-ingaz. Cognate with Icelandic -ingur, English -ing (derivative suffix).
Suffix
[edit]-ing c or m
- (rarely productive) added to a noun stem, causing i-mutation (if applicable), forming a noun denoting an inhabitant or original of a particular place, a descendant of a person, etc.; -er, -ite. See also -ling.
- (rarely productive) diminutive suffix
Derived terms
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Tagalog
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- -ng — for roots ending in vowels
Etymology
[edit]Possibly from Spanish -ín. Compare tsikiting with Spanish chiquitín and list of Derived terms.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Tagalog) IPA(key): /ˈiŋ/ [ˈiŋ]
- Rhymes: -iŋ
- Syllabification: -ing
Suffix
[edit]-ing (proper noun-forming suffix, Baybayin spelling ᜒᜅ᜔)
- diminutive suffix, used to form diminutives ending in consonants, especially given names, often one already shortened or with a diminutive suffix.
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Uzbek
[edit]Etymology
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
[edit]Suffix
[edit]postconsonantal | -ing |
---|---|
postvocalic | -ng |
Other scripts | |
---|---|
Cyrillic | -инг |
Latin | |
Perso-Arabic |
-ing
- second-person singular possessive suffix, used after a noun ending in a consonant
- Bu kitobing. ― This is your book.
Usage notes
[edit]When directly addressing another person, it is polite to use the plural -ingiz or -ngiz forms.
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- English terms with homophones
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English lemmas
- English suffixes
- English noun-forming suffixes
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English inflectional suffixes
- Danish terms derived from Old Norse
- Danish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Danish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Danish lemmas
- Danish nouns
- Danish common-gender nouns
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch suffixes
- Dutch noun-forming suffixes
- Dutch feminine suffixes
- Dutch masculine suffixes
- East Central German lemmas
- East Central German suffixes
- Erzgebirgisch
- French terms borrowed from English
- French terms derived from English
- French 1-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French suffixes
- French noun-forming suffixes
- French countable nouns
- French masculine suffixes
- Fuyug lemmas
- Fuyug suffixes
- German terms borrowed from English
- German terms derived from English
- German lemmas
- German suffixes
- German neuter suffixes
- German colloquialisms
- German humorous terms
- German terms with usage examples
- German terms with quotations
- German Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German
- German Low German terms derived from Middle Low German
- German Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon
- German Low German terms derived from Old Saxon
- German Low German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- German Low German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- German Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- German Low German lemmas
- German Low German suffixes
- Regional Low German
- Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hungarian lemmas
- Hungarian suffixes
- Hungarian verb-forming suffixes
- Icelandic terms inherited from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms derived from Old Norse
- Icelandic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Icelandic lemmas
- Icelandic suffixes
- Icelandic feminine suffixes
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English suffixes
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Bokmål terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Bokmål terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Norwegian Bokmål terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Norwegian Bokmål/ɪŋ
- Norwegian Bokmål lemmas
- Norwegian Bokmål suffixes
- Norwegian terms with usage examples
- Norwegian Bokmål noun-forming suffixes
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms inherited from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk terms derived from Old Norse
- Norwegian Nynorsk lemmas
- Norwegian Nynorsk suffixes
- Norwegian Nynorsk feminine suffixes
- Norwegian Nynorsk masculine suffixes
- Ojibwe finals
- Ojibwe noun finals
- Ojibwe lemmas
- Ojibwe suffixes
- Ojibwe noun suffixes
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English suffixes
- Old English feminine suffixes
- Old English ō-stem nouns
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English masculine suffixes
- Old English masculine a-stem nouns
- Old Norse terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Norse lemmas
- Old Norse suffixes
- Old Norse ō-stem nouns
- Old Sundanese lemmas
- Old Sundanese pronouns
- Old Sundanese terms with quotations
- Old Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Old Swedish terms derived from Old Norse
- Old Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Swedish lemmas
- Old Swedish suffixes
- Old Swedish ō-stem nouns
- Ottawa lemmas
- Ottawa suffixes
- Polish terms borrowed from English
- Polish terms derived from English
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/iŋk
- Rhymes:Polish/iŋk/1 syllable
- Polish lemmas
- Polish suffixes
- Polish masculine suffixes
- Polish inanimate suffixes
- Scots lemmas
- Scots suffixes
- Spanish terms borrowed from English
- Spanish unadapted borrowings from English
- Spanish terms derived from English
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish suffixes
- Spanish noun-forming suffixes
- Spanish countable suffixes
- Spanish masculine suffixes
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms inherited from Old Norse
- Swedish terms derived from Old Norse
- Swedish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish suffixes
- Swedish common-gender suffixes
- Swedish feminine suffixes
- Swedish suffixes with multiple genders
- Swedish masculine suffixes
- Tagalog terms derived from Spanish
- Tagalog 1-syllable words
- Tagalog terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Tagalog/iŋ
- Rhymes:Tagalog/iŋ/1 syllable
- Tagalog terms with mabilis pronunciation
- Tagalog lemmas
- Tagalog suffixes
- Tagalog proper noun-forming suffixes
- Tagalog terms with Baybayin script
- Uzbek lemmas
- Uzbek suffixes
- Uzbek terms with usage examples
- Uzbek nominal affixes