اکنا
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Punjabi
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Prakrit *𑀅𑀓𑁆𑀓 (*akka).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Punjabi) IPA(key): /ək.kᵊɳɑː/, [ɐk.kᵊɳäː]
Verb
[edit]اَکّݨا • (akkṇā) (intransitive, Gurmukhi spelling ਅੱਕਣਾ)
- (intransitive) to be vexed
- (transitive) to become fed up; sick of
- (transitive) to become extremely annoyed; irritated of
Conjugation
[edit]| Impersonal forms of اکنا | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stem | اَکّ (akk) | ||||
| Infinitive | اَکّݨا (akkṇā) | ||||
| Oblique infinitive | اَکَّݨ (akkaṇ) | ||||
| Conjunctive | اَکّ کے (akk ke) | ||||
| Progressive | اَکّدے اَکّدے (akkde akkde) | ||||
| Participles | |||||
| dir m sg | m pl obl m sg |
f sg | f pl | ||
| Imperfective | اَکّدا (akkdā) | اَکّدے (akkde) | اَکّدی (akkdī) | اَکّدِیاں (akkdīyāṉ) | |
| Perfective | اَکّیْا (akkiyā) | اَکّے (akke) | اَکّی (akkī) | اَکِّیاں (akkiyāṉ) | |
| Prospective agentive | اَکَّݨ آلا (akkaṇ ālā) | اَکَّݨ آلے (akkaṇ āle) | اَکَّݨ آلی (akkaṇ ālī) | اَکَّݨ آلِیاں (akkaṇ ālīyāṉ) | |
| Adjectival | Perfective | اَکّیْا ہویْا (akkiyā hoyā) | اَکّے ہوئے (akke ho'e) | اَکّی ہوئی (akkī ho'ī) | اَکّدِیاں ہوئِیاں |
| Habitual | اَکّدا ہویْا (akkdā hoyā) | اَکّدے ہوئے (akkde ho'e) | اَکّدی ہوئی (akkdī ho'ī) | اَکّدِیاں ہوئِیاں | |
| Non-aspectual forms of اکنا | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | S Formal / Plural | Plural / S Formal | ||||||
| 1st میں |
2nd تُوں |
3rd ایہہ / اوہ |
2nd تُسیں |
1st اسیں |
2nd f / 3rd
ایہہ / اوہ | |||
| Indicative | Perfective | m | اَکّیْا (akkiyā) | اَکّے (akke) | ||||
| f | اَکّی (akkī) | اَکِّیاں (akkiyāṉ) | ||||||
| Future | m | اَکّاں گا (akkāṉ gā) | اَکّیْں گا (akkeṉ gā) | اَکّے گا (akke gā) | اَکّو گے (akko ge) | اَکّاں گے (akkāṉ ge) | اَکَّݨ گے (akkaṇ ge) | |
| f | اَکّاں گی (akkāṉ gī) | اَکّیْں گی (akkeṉ gī) | اَکّے گی (akke gī) | اَکَّݨ گِیاں (akkaṇ gīyāṉ) | ||||
| Subjunctive | Future | اَکّاں (akkāṉ) | اَکّیْں (akkeṉ) | اَکّے (akke) | اَکّو (akko) | اَکّئِیے (akk'iye) | اَکَّݨ (akkaṇ) | |
| Imperative | Familiar | اَکّ (akk) | اَکّو (akko) | اَکّو (akko) | ||||
| Polite | اَکِّیں (akkiīṉ) | اَکِّیو (akkīyo) | اَکِّیو (akkīyo) | |||||
| Contrafactual | Present | m | اَکّدا (akkdā) / اَکَّنْدا (akkandā) | اَکّدے (akkde) / اَکَّنْدے (akkande) | ||||
| f | اَکّدی (akkdī) / اَکَّنْدی (akkandī) | اَکّدِیاں (akkdīyāṉ) / اَکَّنْدِیاں (akkandīyāṉ) | ||||||
Further reading
[edit]- Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “اکّن”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
- “ਅੱਕਣਾ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*akka”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press