فرعون

Arabic

Etymology

The word is not attested before the Qurʾān and the probabilities are that the immediate source for the Arabic is the Classical Syriac ܦܹܪܥܘܼܢ (pɛrʕūn).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /fir.ʕawn/
  • (Hijazi) IPA^(key): /fir.ʕoːn/

Proper noun

فِرْعَوْن • (firʕawn) m

1. (without article) Pharaoh

Declension

Declension of proper noun فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn)

Singular	basic singular diptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	—	فِرْعَوْن firʕawn	—
Nominative	—	فِرْعَوْنُ firʕawnu	—
Accusative	—	فِرْعَوْنَ firʕawna	—
Genitive	—	فِرْعَوْنَ firʕawna	—

Noun

فِرْعَوْن • (firʕawn) m (plural فَرَاعِنَة (farāʕina))

1. a pharaoh (an ancient Egyptian ruler)

Declension

Declension of noun فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فِرْعَوْن firʕawn	الْفِرْعَوْن al-firʕawn	فِرْعَوْن firʕawn
Nominative	فِرْعَوْنٌ firʕawnun	الْفِرْعَوْنُ al-firʕawnu	فِرْعَوْنُ firʕawnu
Accusative	فِرْعَوْنًا firʕawnan	الْفِرْعَوْنَ al-firʕawna	فِرْعَوْنَ firʕawna
Genitive	فِرْعَوْنٍ firʕawnin	الْفِرْعَوْنِ al-firʕawni	فِرْعَوْنِ firʕawni
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فِرْعَوْنَيْن firʕawnayn	الْفِرْعَوْنَيْن al-firʕawnayn	فِرْعَوْنَيْ firʕawnay
Nominative	فِرْعَوْنَانِ firʕawnāni	الْفِرْعَوْنَانِ al-firʕawnāni	فِرْعَوْنَا firʕawnā
Accusative	فِرْعَوْنَيْنِ firʕawnayni	الْفِرْعَوْنَيْنِ al-firʕawnayni	فِرْعَوْنَيْ firʕawnay
Genitive	فِرْعَوْنَيْنِ firʕawnayni	الْفِرْعَوْنَيْنِ al-firʕawnayni	فِرْعَوْنَيْ firʕawnay
Plural	broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	فَرَاعِنَة farāʕina	الْفَرَاعِنَة al-farāʕina	فَرَاعِنَة farāʕinat
Nominative	فَرَاعِنَةٌ farāʕinatun	الْفَرَاعِنَةُ al-farāʕinatu	فَرَاعِنَةُ farāʕinatu
Accusative	فَرَاعِنَةً farāʕinatan	الْفَرَاعِنَةَ al-farāʕinata	فَرَاعِنَةَ farāʕinata
Genitive	فَرَاعِنَةٍ farāʕinatin	الْفَرَاعِنَةِ al-farāʕinati	فَرَاعِنَةِ farāʕinati

Descendants

• Maltese: fergħun
• → Bashkir: фирғәүен (firğəwen)
• → Bengali: ফেরাউন (pheraun)
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: फ़िरौन (firaun)

  Urdu: فرعون (firaun)

• → Malay: firaun
• → Ottoman Turkish: فرعون
  • → Turkish: firavun
• → Persian: فرعون (fer'own)
• → Swahili: firauni
• → Tajik: фиръавн (firʾavn)
• → Uzbek: firʼavn

References

• Jeffery, Arthur (1938) The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 225
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “فرعون”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Further reading

• فرعون on the Arabic Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ar

Kohistani Shina

Noun

فرعون (fir'on)

1. pharaoh

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from the Arabic فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [fiɾ.ʔawn]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [fɪɾ.ʔäwn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [fɪɾ.ʔäwn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [fɪ.ɾäwn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [fi.ɾäwn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [feɹ.ʔown]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [fiɾ.ʔäwn]

Readings
Classical reading?	fir'awn
Dari reading?	fir'awn
Iranian reading?	fer'own
Tajik reading?	firʾavn

Noun

Dari	فرعون
Iranian Persian
Tajik	фиръавн

فرعون • (fer'own) (plural فراعنه (farâ'ene) or فرعون‌ها (fer'own-hâ))

1. pharaoh

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic فِرْعَوْن (firʕawn).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /fɪɾ.(ʔ)ɔːn/
• Rhymes: -ɔːn
• Hyphenation: فِر‧عَون

Noun

فرعون • (fir‘aun) m (formal plural فراعنہ, Hindi spelling फ़िरौन)

1. pharaoh

Declension

Declension of فرعون
	singular	plural
direct	فِرْعَون (fir'aun)	فِرْعَون (fir'aun)
oblique	فِرْعَون (fir'aun)	فِرْعَونوں (fir'aunõ)
vocative	فِرْعَون (fir'aun)	فِرْعَونو (fir'auno)

Descendants

• → Hindi: फ़िरऔन (firaaun), फ़िरौन (firaun)

References

• “فرعون”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• “فرعون”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.