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Arabic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (letter name): IPA(key): /waːw/
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /w/, /uː/, silent (in Classical Arabic)
- (phoneme): IPA(key): /w/, /u(ː)/, /oː/ (in Arabic dialects and loanwords)
Letter
[edit]و / و • (wāw)
Symbol
[edit]و / و • (wāw)
- The sixth letter in traditional abjad order, which is used in place of numerals for list numbering (abjad numerals). It is preceded by ه (h) and followed by ز (z).
See also
[edit]- (Arabic script letters) ا (ʔalif), ب (bāʔ), ت (tāʔ), ث (ṯāʔ), ج (jīm), ح (ḥāʔ), خ (ḵāʔ), د (dāl), ذ (ḏāl), ر (rāʔ), ز (zāy), س (sīn), ش (šīn), ص (ṣād), ض (ḍād), ط (ṭāʔ), ظ (ẓāʔ), ع (ʕayn), غ (ḡayn), ف (fāʔ), ق (qāf), ك (kāf), ل (lām), م (mīm), ن (nūn), ه (hāʔ), و (wāw), ي (yāʔ)
- ؤ (ʔ)
- Wikipedia article on the Arabic alphabet
- Search for entries beginning with و
Etymology 2
[edit]From Proto-Semitic *wa. Cognate with Hebrew וְ־ (wə-).
Pronunciation
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]وَ • (wa)
- and, "comma", "semi-colon"; a divider of words or clauses, particle of connection or continuation often unnecessary to render in translation
- while, at the same time, and also do, simultaneously, to do this and to do that concurrently
- لَا تَأْكُلِ السَّمَكَ وَتَشْرَبَ اللَّبَنَ ― lā taʔkuli s-samaka wa-tašraba l-labana ― Do not eat fish and drink dairy; (Proverb about illnesses coming from bad combinations; originally the supposed increased risk of contracting leprosy, a myth stemming from fish scales and the white color of milk.)
- لَا تَنْهَ عَنْ خُلُقٍ وَتَأْتِيَ مِثْلَهُ ― lā tanha ʕan ḵuluqin wa-taʔtiya miṯlahu ― Do not say to stay away from a behavior, while you come with the likes of it; (Practice what you preach.)
- particle of rephrasing or marking a clause of adposition; and in other words, that is to say, additionally called, i.e.
- with, and also, additionally (with following accusative)
- (mathematics) +, added to
- particle denoting an oath (with following genitive)
- وَٱللّٰهِ ― wa-llāhi ― By God; And I swear by God
Usage notes
[edit]- Arabic conjunctions and prepositions that have only one letter, such as وَ (wa), are written as a prefix.
- The connection to the following word may however exceptionally be cut off by quotation marks enclosing foreign terms, emoji and similar intrusions of meta elements in the language of the internet.
- Sometimes editions of Arabic texts procured in Iran do not adhere to the rules, instead following the non-joining practice of Persian و (va, o, “and”).
- Arabic tends to use the conjunctions وَ (wa) and أَو (ʔaw, “or”) between every conjunct in a list, contrasting with the English tendency to use and and or only between the final two.
- كُتُبٌ وَطُرُودٌ وَأَوْرَاقٌ
- kutubun wa-ṭurūdun wa-ʔawrāqun
- books, parcels, and papers
- (literally, “books and parcels and papers”)
Derived terms
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Preposition
[edit]وَ • (wa) (with a following accusative)
- with
- سِرْتُ وَطُلُوعَ الْفَجْرِ ― sirtu wa-ṭulūʕa l-fajri ― I got out with sunrise.
- أَنَا وَإيّاكُم ― ʔanā wa-ʔiyyākum ― I with you
Etymology 4
[edit]Interfix
[edit]ـَوـ • (-aw-)
- interfix used in forming nisba (relative) adjectives, particularly with short bases, inserted between the base noun and the ending ِـيّ (-iyy), e.g. لُغَوِيّ (luḡawiyy, “linguistic”), based on لُغَة (luḡa, “language”), or ثَانَوِيّ (ṯānawiyy, “secondary”), based on ثَانٍ (ṯānin, “second”).
Balti
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]و (transliteration needed)
- The forty-second letter of the Balti alphabet, written in the Perso-Arabic script
Burushaski
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]و (w)
- The forty-second letter of the Burushaski alphabet, written in the Perso-Arabic script
Central Kurdish
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- وە (we)
Conjunction
[edit]و (û)
Chagatai
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian و (wa), from Middle Persian 𐭠𐭥𐭣 (ʾʿd /ud/), 𐭠𐭥 (ʾʿ /u/), from Old Persian 𐎢𐎫𐎠 (u-t-a /utā/, “and”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)utá, *(H)u, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂u.
Conjunction
[edit]و (vä)
Descendants
[edit]Hijazi Arabic
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]و • (wāw)
- The twenty-seventh letter of the Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ه (hāʔ) and followed by ي (yāʔ).
Forms
[edit]Isolated form | Final form |
---|---|
و | ـو |
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]و • (u- or w-)
Kashmiri
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]و • (v)
- The thirty-ninth letter of the traditional alphabet chart of Kashmiri.
Forms
[edit]Isolated form | Final form |
---|---|
و | ـو |
See also
[edit]Kazakh
[edit]Alternative scripts | |
---|---|
Arabic | و |
Cyrillic | О, о/Ө, ө |
Latin | O, o/Ö, ö |
Yañalif | O, o/Ɵ, ɵ |
Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]و • (o, ö)
Forms
[edit]Isolated form | Final form |
---|---|
و | ـو |
Usage notes
[edit]- Represents the back vowel phoneme /o/, unless a small ء (hamza) was placed in the beginning of the word. In Kazakh the Hamza marks that all vowels in the following word are fronted. If و is the first letter and is representing a front vowel, it is combined with the hamza and the varient ٶ is used.
See also
[edit]- ٶ (front vowel, word initial)
- Previous letter: ھ
- Next letter: ۇ
- (Arabic script letters) ا, ب, پ, ت, ج, چ, ح, د, ر, ز, س, ش, ع, ف, ق, ك, گ, ڭ, ل, م, ن, ە, ھ, و, ۇ, ۋ, ۆ, ى, ي.
Malay
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (Name of letter) IPA(key): [wau̯]
- (Phoneme, Consonant) IPA(key): [w]
- (Phoneme, Consonant, Syllable initial, obsolete) IPA(key): [w], [v]
- (Phoneme, Consonant, Syllable final, obsolete) IPA(key): [w], [f]
- (Phoneme, Vowel) IPA(key): [u], [o], [ɔ]
- (Phoneme, Vowel, Closed ultima) IPA(key): [o], [ɔ]
Letter
[edit]و / و
- The thirtieth letter of the Malay alphabet, written in the Arabic script.
See also
[edit]- (Arabic script letters) ا, ب, ت, ة, ث, ج, چ, ح, خ, د, ذ, ر, ز, س, ش, ص, ض, ط, ظ, ع, غ, ڠ, ف, ڤ, ق, ک, ݢ, ل, م, ن, و, ۏ, ه, ء, ي, ى, ڽ [edit]
North Levantine Arabic
[edit]Suffix
[edit]ـو • (-o/-u) m
- Alternative spelling of ـه after a consonant
Ottoman Turkish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Letter
[edit]و • (vav)
- A letter of the Ottoman Turkish alphabet.
Etymology 2
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]و • (ve)
Descendants
[edit]- Turkish: ve
References
[edit]- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “ve”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890) “و”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[1], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 2119
Pashto
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]و • (wâw)
- The thirty-eighth letter of the Pashto alphabet.
Forms
[edit]Isolated form | Final form |
---|---|
و | ـو |
See also
[edit]Persian
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]و / وـ / ـوـ / ـو • (vâv)
- The thirtieth letter of the Perso-Arabic alphabet. It is preceded by ن and followed by ه. Its name is واو.
See also
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Both inherited from Middle Persian and borrowed from Arabic, hence the multiple pronunciations:
- Pronunciation 1: From Middle Persian 𐭠𐭥𐭣 (ʾʿd /ud/), 𐭠𐭥 (ʾʿ /u/); from Old Persian 𐎢𐎫𐎠 (u-t-a /utā/, “and”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *(H)utá, from *(H)u, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂u.
- Pronunciation 2: From Arabic وَ (wa), from Proto-Semitic *wa. Also the etymology of the written form.
Pronunciation
[edit](Pronunciation 1)
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [‿u]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [‿o]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [‿u]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | ‿u |
Dari reading? | ‿u |
Iranian reading? | ‿o |
Tajik reading? | ‿u |
(Pronunciation 2)
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [wa]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʋæ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [vä]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | wa |
Dari reading? | wa |
Iranian reading? | ʋa |
Tajik reading? | va |
- Both pronunciations are generally interchangeable, with pronunciation 1 being more common in context and pronunciation 2 being more common in formal speech, after a pause and/or for emphasis.
- In poetry, both pronunciations are used based on rhyme, but pronunciation 1 is used more often.
Conjunction
[edit]Dari | و |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | у, ва |
و • (o, va)
- and
- 21st century, Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi
- گر چه جیب و جام من از مال و مِی تُهیست.
- Gar če jib o jām-e man az māl o mey tohist.
- Although my pocket and my cup are empty of money and wine.
- 21st century, Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi
Usage notes
[edit]- In the contemporary spelling of Persian, the و (va) conjunction is not joined to the following word. However, the practice of joining the conjunction to the following word, as it is in Arabic, was not uncommon in early classical texts.
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Alternative forms
[edit]- رو (ro) (between vowels)
Pronunciation
[edit]Particle
[edit]و • (-o)
- (in Iran) Colloquial form of را (rā)
- دستتو بلند کن.
- dasteto boland kon.
- Raise your hand.
South Levantine Arabic
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]و • (w-)
Usage notes
[edit]- The pronunciation varies by phonological context. It becomes u- before a single consonant (optional if the preceding word ends in a vowel) and we- before a consonant cluster.
Etymology 2
[edit]Suffix
[edit]ـو • (-o) m
- Alternative spelling of ـه (“he, him, his”) after a consonant
Etymology 3
[edit]Suffix
[edit]ـو • (-o)
- attached to kinship terms in order to form terms of endearment
Tunisian Arabic
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]و (u)
- and
- حَاجْتِي بْقْلَمْ وكَرّاسَة ― ḥājtī b-qlam u karrāsa ― I need a pencil and a copy-book.
Urdu
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (letter name): (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ʋɑːʋ/
- (phoneme): (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ʋ/, /uː/, /oː/, /ɔː/
Letter
[edit]و • (vāv)
- The thirty-third letter of the Urdu abjad.
Forms
[edit]Isolated form | Final form |
---|---|
و | ـو |
See also
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Borrowed from Classical Persian و (wa, u).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ʋə/, /oː/
Conjunction
[edit]و • (va, o) (Hindi spelling व)
Ushojo
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]و (wāw)
- The thirty-ninth of the Ushojo abjad.
See also
[edit]Conjunction
[edit]و (va)
Yoruba
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Letter
[edit]و (w)
Forms
[edit]Isolated form | Final form |
---|---|
و | ـو |
See also
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