घृत

See also: घात

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ঘৃত (Assamese script)
• ᬖᬺᬢ (Balinese script)
• ঘৃত (Bengali script)
• 𑰑𑰴𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀖𑀾𑀢 (Brahmi script)
• ဃၖတ (Burmese script)
• ઘૃત (Gujarati script)
• ਘ੍ਰਤ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌘𑍃𑌤 (Grantha script)
• ꦓꦽꦠ (Javanese script)
• 𑂐𑃂𑂞 (Kaithi script)
• ಘೃತ (Kannada script)
• ឃ្ឫត (Khmer script)
• ຆ຺ຣິຕ (Lao script)
• ഘൃത (Malayalam script)
• ᢚᡵᡳᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘑𑘵𑘝 (Modi script)
• ᠺᠾᠷᠢᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦱𑧖𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐑𑐺𑐟 (Newa script)
• ଘୃତ (Odia script)
• ꢕꢺꢡ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆔𑆸𑆠 (Sharada script)
• 𑖑𑖴𑖝 (Siddham script)
• ඝෘත (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩟𑩙𑩫 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚍𑚙 (Takri script)
• க்⁴ரித (Tamil script)
• ఘృత (Telugu script)
• ฆฺฤต (Thai script)
• གྷྲྀ་ཏ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒒𑒵𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨎𑨼𑨉𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɡʱr̩.tɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈɡʱr̩.t̪ɐ/

Etymology 1

Compound of घृ (ghṛ, “to rub, to ceremonially anoint, to sprinkle”) +‎ -त (-ta, verbal adjective suffix). Cognate with Ancient Greek χριστός (khristós, “rubbed, anointed”) whence English Christ.

Adjective

घृत • (ghṛtá) stem

1. sprinkled

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of घृत (ghṛtá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	घृतः ghṛtáḥ	घृतौ / घृता¹ ghṛtaú / ghṛtā́¹	घृताः / घृतासः¹ ghṛtā́ḥ / ghṛtā́saḥ¹
Vocative	घृत ghṛ́ta	घृतौ / घृता¹ ghṛ́tau / ghṛ́tā¹	घृताः / घृतासः¹ ghṛ́tāḥ / ghṛ́tāsaḥ¹
Accusative	घृतम् ghṛtám	घृतौ / घृता¹ ghṛtaú / ghṛtā́¹	घृतान् ghṛtā́n
Instrumental	घृतेन ghṛténa	घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām	घृतैः / घृतेभिः¹ ghṛtaíḥ / ghṛtébhiḥ¹
Dative	घृताय ghṛtā́ya	घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām	घृतेभ्यः ghṛtébhyaḥ
Ablative	घृतात् ghṛtā́t	घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām	घृतेभ्यः ghṛtébhyaḥ
Genitive	घृतस्य ghṛtásya	घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ	घृतानाम् ghṛtā́nām
Locative	घृते ghṛté	घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ	घृतेषु ghṛtéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of घृता (ghṛtā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	घृता ghṛtā́	घृते ghṛté	घृताः ghṛtā́ḥ
Vocative	घृते ghṛ́te	घृते ghṛ́te	घृताः ghṛ́tāḥ
Accusative	घृताम् ghṛtā́m	घृते ghṛté	घृताः ghṛtā́ḥ
Instrumental	घृतया / घृता¹ ghṛtáyā / ghṛtā́¹	घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām	घृताभिः ghṛtā́bhiḥ
Dative	घृतायै ghṛtā́yai	घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām	घृताभ्यः ghṛtā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	घृतायाः / घृतायै² ghṛtā́yāḥ / ghṛtā́yai²	घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām	घृताभ्यः ghṛtā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	घृतायाः / घृतायै² ghṛtā́yāḥ / ghṛtā́yai²	घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ	घृतानाम् ghṛtā́nām
Locative	घृतायाम् ghṛtā́yām	घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ	घृतासु ghṛtā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of घृत (ghṛtá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	घृतम् ghṛtám	घृते ghṛté	घृतानि / घृता¹ ghṛtā́ni / ghṛtā́¹
Vocative	घृत ghṛ́ta	घृते ghṛ́te	घृतानि / घृता¹ ghṛ́tāni / ghṛ́tā¹
Accusative	घृतम् ghṛtám	घृते ghṛté	घृतानि / घृता¹ ghṛtā́ni / ghṛtā́¹
Instrumental	घृतेन ghṛténa	घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām	घृतैः / घृतेभिः¹ ghṛtaíḥ / ghṛtébhiḥ¹
Dative	घृताय ghṛtā́ya	घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām	घृतेभ्यः ghṛtébhyaḥ
Ablative	घृतात् ghṛtā́t	घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām	घृतेभ्यः ghṛtébhyaḥ
Genitive	घृतस्य ghṛtásya	घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ	घृतानाम् ghṛtā́nām
Locative	घृते ghṛté	घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ	घृतेषु ghṛtéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Etymology 2

Compound of घृ (ghṛ, “to shine, burn”) +‎ -त (-ta, verbal adjective suffix).

Adjective

घृत • (ghṛtá) stem

1. illumined

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of घृत (ghṛtá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	घृतः ghṛtáḥ	घृतौ / घृता¹ ghṛtaú / ghṛtā́¹	घृताः / घृतासः¹ ghṛtā́ḥ / ghṛtā́saḥ¹
Vocative	घृत ghṛ́ta	घृतौ / घृता¹ ghṛ́tau / ghṛ́tā¹	घृताः / घृतासः¹ ghṛ́tāḥ / ghṛ́tāsaḥ¹
Accusative	घृतम् ghṛtám	घृतौ / घृता¹ ghṛtaú / ghṛtā́¹	घृतान् ghṛtā́n
Instrumental	घृतेन ghṛténa	घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām	घृतैः / घृतेभिः¹ ghṛtaíḥ / ghṛtébhiḥ¹
Dative	घृताय ghṛtā́ya	घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām	घृतेभ्यः ghṛtébhyaḥ
Ablative	घृतात् ghṛtā́t	घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām	घृतेभ्यः ghṛtébhyaḥ
Genitive	घृतस्य ghṛtásya	घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ	घृतानाम् ghṛtā́nām
Locative	घृते ghṛté	घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ	घृतेषु ghṛtéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of घृता (ghṛtā́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	घृता ghṛtā́	घृते ghṛté	घृताः ghṛtā́ḥ
Vocative	घृते ghṛ́te	घृते ghṛ́te	घृताः ghṛ́tāḥ
Accusative	घृताम् ghṛtā́m	घृते ghṛté	घृताः ghṛtā́ḥ
Instrumental	घृतया / घृता¹ ghṛtáyā / ghṛtā́¹	घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām	घृताभिः ghṛtā́bhiḥ
Dative	घृतायै ghṛtā́yai	घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām	घृताभ्यः ghṛtā́bhyaḥ
Ablative	घृतायाः / घृतायै² ghṛtā́yāḥ / ghṛtā́yai²	घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām	घृताभ्यः ghṛtā́bhyaḥ
Genitive	घृतायाः / घृतायै² ghṛtā́yāḥ / ghṛtā́yai²	घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ	घृतानाम् ghṛtā́nām
Locative	घृतायाम् ghṛtā́yām	घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ	घृतासु ghṛtā́su
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of घृत (ghṛtá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	घृतम् ghṛtám	घृते ghṛté	घृतानि / घृता¹ ghṛtā́ni / ghṛtā́¹
Vocative	घृत ghṛ́ta	घृते ghṛ́te	घृतानि / घृता¹ ghṛ́tāni / ghṛ́tā¹
Accusative	घृतम् ghṛtám	घृते ghṛté	घृतानि / घृता¹ ghṛtā́ni / ghṛtā́¹
Instrumental	घृतेन ghṛténa	घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām	घृतैः / घृतेभिः¹ ghṛtaíḥ / ghṛtébhiḥ¹
Dative	घृताय ghṛtā́ya	घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām	घृतेभ्यः ghṛtébhyaḥ
Ablative	घृतात् ghṛtā́t	घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām	घृतेभ्यः ghṛtébhyaḥ
Genitive	घृतस्य ghṛtásya	घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ	घृतानाम् ghṛtā́nām
Locative	घृते ghṛté	घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ	घृतेषु ghṛtéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Etymology 3

Of Uncertain origin.

Traditionally derived from the root घृ (ghṛ, “to rub, sprinkle”) and compared with विघृत (vighṛta, “besprinkled, dripping”). However, considering that the word refers to "melted (heated) butter", it is more likely that the word derives from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰr-tos, from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”). In the latter case, cognate with Etymology 2, as well as Middle Irish gert (“a product of cattle excluding calves, esp. milk or manure”).

Noun

घृत • (ghṛtá) stem, n

1. ghee
   • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.86.6:

     ए॒वेन्द्रा॒ग्निभ्या॒महा॑वि ह॒व्यं शू॒ष्यं॑ घृ॒तं न पू॒तमद्रि॑भिः।
     ता सू॒रिषु॒ श्रवो॑ बृ॒हद्र॒यिं गृ॒णत्सु॑ दिधृत॒मिषं॑ गृ॒णत्सु॑ दिधृतम्॥

     evéndrāgníbhyāmáhāvi havyáṃ śūṣyàṃ ghṛtáṃ ná pūtámádribhiḥ.
     tā́ sūríṣu śrávo bṛhádrayíṃ gṛṇátsu didhṛtamíṣaṃ gṛṇátsu didhṛtam.

     The strength-bestowing offering thus to Indra-Agni have been paid, as butter, purified by stones. Deal to our princes high renown, deal wealth to those who sing your praise, deal food to those who sing your praise.

2. fat

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of घृत (ghṛtá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	घृतम् ghṛtám	घृते ghṛté	घृतानि / घृता¹ ghṛtā́ni / ghṛtā́¹
Vocative	घृत ghṛ́ta	घृते ghṛ́te	घृतानि / घृता¹ ghṛ́tāni / ghṛ́tā¹
Accusative	घृतम् ghṛtám	घृते ghṛté	घृतानि / घृता¹ ghṛtā́ni / ghṛtā́¹
Instrumental	घृतेन ghṛténa	घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām	घृतैः / घृतेभिः¹ ghṛtaíḥ / ghṛtébhiḥ¹
Dative	घृताय ghṛtā́ya	घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām	घृतेभ्यः ghṛtébhyaḥ
Ablative	घृतात् ghṛtā́t	घृताभ्याम् ghṛtā́bhyām	घृतेभ्यः ghṛtébhyaḥ
Genitive	घृतस्य ghṛtásya	घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ	घृतानाम् ghṛtā́nām
Locative	घृते ghṛté	घृतयोः ghṛtáyoḥ	घृतेषु ghṛtéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Related terms

• सर्पिस् (sarpís)

Descendants

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Dameli: giŕu
  • Kashmiri: گیێو (gyev)
  • Phalura: گھیڑ (ghīṛ)
  • Savi: giṛ
  • Shina: گِ (gi), گِیہ (gīh), گھِی (ghī)
  • Shumashti: gə̄t
  • Torwali: گھِیت (ghīt)
  • Wotapuri-Katarqalai: gíu
• Pali: ghata
• Prakrit: 𑀖𑀺𑀅 (ghia), 𑀖𑀬 (ghaya)
  • Central:
    • Ardhamagadhi Prakrit:
      • Awadhi: घिउ (ghiu)
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀖𑀺𑀤 (ghida)
      • Braj: घी (ghī)
      • Domaaki: گری (giryu)
      • Hindustani:

        Hindi: घी (ghī)

        • → English: ghee

        Urdu: گھی (ghī)

      • Romani: gir, giri, gres, khil
        • Lomavren: Քըլ (Kʻəl)
  • Eastern:
    • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀖𑀺𑀅 (ghia)
      • Assamese: ঘিঁউ (ghĩu)
      • Bengali: ঘি (ghi)
      • Bihari: घ्यू (ghyū)
        • Bhojpuri: ghīv

          Kaithi script: 𑂐𑂲𑂫

          Devanagari script: घीव

        • Maithili: घी (ghī)
    • Rohingya: gíi
  • Northern:
    • Khasa Prakrit:
      • Central Pahari:
        • Garhwali: घिउ (ghiu)
        • Kumaoni: घ्यूँ (ghyū̃)
      • Eastern Pahari:
        • Nepali: घिउ (ghiu)
      • Western Pahari:
        • Bhadrawahi: घी (ghī), घिउ (ghiu)
  • Northwestern:
    • Khasa Prakrit:
      • Takka Apabhramsa:
        • Lahnda: گھءو (ghiū)
        • Punjabi: ਘਿਉ (ghiu), ਘੇ (ghe), ਘੇਵ (ghev), ਘੇਉ (gheu), ਘੇਓ (gheo)
      • Vracada Apabhramsa:
        • Sindhi: gihu

          Arabic script: گِهُ

          Devanagari script: गिहु

          • Kachchi: ઘી (ghī)
  • Southern:
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • ⇒ Dhivehi: ގިތެއު (giteu)
      • Sinhalese: ගිය (giya)
        • ⇒ Sinhalese: ගිතෙල් (gitel)
    • Maharastri Prakrit:
      • Konkani: ghī

        Devanagari script: घी

        Kannada script: ಘೀ

        Latin script: ghi

      • Marathi: घी (ghī)
  • Western:
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀖𑀺𑀤 (ghida)
      • Gujarati: ઘી (ghī)

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “घृत”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 0378/2, 0379/1.
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ghrta”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 243