က

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See also: ကို, ကဲ့, , and က္

က U+1000, က
MYANMAR LETTER KA
[unassigned: U+0FDB–U+0FFF]

[U+0FDA]
Myanmar
[U+1001]

Burmese

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Pronunciation

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  • Phonetic respellings: က,
  • IPA(key): /ka̰/, /ɡa̰/
  • Romanization: MLCTS: ka. • ALA-LC: ka • BGN/PCGN: ka./ga. • Okell: ká/ká
  • Audio:(file)

Usage notes

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  • The voiced pronunciation /ɡa̰/ occurs in the conjunction, particle, and postposition only, and only after a vowel or /ɴ/.
  • When followed by and , forms digraphs ကျ and ကြ, pronounced /t͡ɕ/ (in unvoiced positions) or /d͡ʑ/ when voiced.

Etymology 1

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Letter

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က (ka.)

  1. Ka, the first letter of the Burmese alphabet, called ကကြီး (ka.kri:) in Burmese.
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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From Proto-Lolo-Burmese *ga³ ~ ʔga² (to sing, dance, play), from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ga (to dance, leap, stride); cognate with Old Chinese (OC *kaːl, “to sing”) and Tibetan གར (gar, to dance) (STEDT).

Verb

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က (ka.)

Burmese word set
Verb က (ka.)
Nounအက (a.ka.)
  1. to dance
Synonyms
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Noun

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က (ka.)

  1. a dance
Derived terms
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Etymology 3

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According to Hill (2019) (p. 32), cognate with Tibetan ཁལ (khal, burden, load), Old Chinese (OC *qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ, “to carry; load”).

Verb

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က (ka.)

  1. to harness a horse or any draught animal for work

Noun

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က (ka.)

  1. howdah; saddle
Derived terms
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Etymology 4

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This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Doesn't seem to be mentioned by STEDT or Luce 1981. That said, its usage is strikingly similar to that of Korean (-ga, subject marker) and Japanese (ga, idem), which is interesting as Burmese appears to be the only MSEA language that uses subject marker particles as such.”

Particle

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က (ka.)

  1. indicates the subject of the sentence, a topic marker, a nominative marker
    သူက ဒီလို ပြောခဲ့တယ်
    suka. dilui prau:hkai.tai
    He said like this.
Derived terms
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Etymology 5

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This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Seems connected to the "topic marker" usage of Etymology 4. The "in (a location or time)" usage is in fact grouped with the "topic marker" sense by MED, though there's another "place postpositional marker" sense which MED separates out.”

Postposition

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က (ka.)

  1. in, on (in reference to a point in time in the past)
    ပြီးခဲ့တဲ့နှစ်ကpri:hkai.tai.hnacka.(in the) last year
  2. from (in reference to a place)
    တောင်ဘက်ကtaungbhakka.from the south
    ရန်ကုန်ကrankunka.from Rangoon

Etymology 6

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This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Doesn't seem to be mentioned by STEDT or Luce 1981. Could this be related to the "if, assuming" sense of Old Chinese (OC *kraːʔ, *kraːs)?”

Conjunction

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က (ka.)

  1. if
    မိုးရွာကmui:rwaka.if it rains
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Etymology 7

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Borrowed from Mon က (fish).

Noun

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က (ka.)

  1. (only used in compounds) fish
Derived terms
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Etymology 8

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This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Doesn't seem to be mentioned by STEDT or Luce 1981. Related to the "harness, saddle" sense ("harness" > "control" > "match and fit" > "be at least equal")?”

Verb

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က (ka.)

  1. (usually used in the negative form က (ma.ka.)) to be at least equal to
Derived terms
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Further reading

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Mon

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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An instance of Translingual က, ultimately descending from Brahmi 𑀓.

Letter

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က (ka)

  1. Ka, the first consonant of the Mon alphabet.

Etymology 2

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From Proto-Mon-Khmer *kaʔ (fish).

Noun

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က (ka)

  1. fish[1][2]
    ကအရံၚ် (kaʼaraṃṅ)

Etymology 3

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Noun

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က (ka)

  1. howdah harness saddle.
  2. fulcrum, short prop[2]

Etymology 4

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Verb

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က (ka)

  1. to be lacking.
  2. to fail.
    ရုံဟွံကပဵုသှာတ်အာဣရ။
    ruṃhwaṃkapeushātʼāʼira.
    There is enough and to spare.
    သြန်မသုန်စှော်ဟွံက
    sranmasunchokhwaṃka.
    There is fifty rupees and more.

Etymology 5

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Verb

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က (transliteration needed)

  1. to harness a horse or any draught animal.

References

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  1. ^ (Can we verify(+) this quotation?)พวน รามัญวงศ์ [Phuan Ramanyawong] (2005) พจนานุกรมมอญ-ไทย ฉบับมอญสยาม [Mon-Thai (Siamese) Dictionary], กรุงเทพฯ [Bangkok]: มติชน [Matichon], →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 R. Halliday (1922) A Mon-English Dictionary[1], Bangkok: Siam Society, page 28

Pali

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Alternative forms

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Pronoun

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က m

  1. Burmese script form of ka (who (m.))

Declension

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Pronoun

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က n

  1. Burmese script form of ka (what)

Declension

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