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See also:

U+5109, 儉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5109

[U+5108]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+510A]

Translingual

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Traditional
Shinjitai
Simplified

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 9, +13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 人人一人 (OOMO), four-corner 28286, composition )

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 119, character 12
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1190
  • Dae Jaweon: page 252, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 226, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+5109

Chinese

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trad.
simp.
alternative forms
𠈏 ancient

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts


References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ɡramʔ) : semantic (person) + phonetic (OC *skʰlam).

Pronunciation

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Note: kiang6 - Chenghai.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (30)
Final () (154)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter gjemX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ɡˠiᴇmX/
Pan
Wuyun
/ɡᵚiɛmX/
Shao
Rongfen
/ɡiæmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/gjiamX/
Li
Rong
/ɡjɛmX/
Wang
Li
/ɡĭɛmX/
Bernard
Karlgren
/gi̯ɛmX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
jiàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gim6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
jiǎn
Middle
Chinese
‹ gjemX ›
Old
Chinese
/*[ɡ]r[a]mʔ/
English restrict, frugal

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 10213
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ɡramʔ/

Definitions

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  1. frugal; thrifty
      ―  jiéjiǎn  ―  frugal; thrifty; economical
      ―  qínjiǎn  ―  hardworking and thrifty
      ―  jiǎn  ―  thrifty and simple
    省吃省吃  ―  shěngchījiǎnyòng  ―  to save on food and daily expenses
    勤工勤工  ―  qíngōngjiǎnxué  ―  part-time work and part-time study
  2. modest; moderate; temperate
  3. lacking; insufficient
  4. poor harvest
  5. (Taiwanese Hokkien) to save up; to store up
  6. (Teochew, Singapore Hokkien) to save; to economize
  7. a surname

Synonyms

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Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

Kyūjitai

Kanji

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(Jinmeiyō kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form )

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 검소하 (geomsoha geom))

  1. hanja form? of (frugal, temperate)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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: Hán Nôm readings: kiệm, cợm, hiếm, thiếu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.