名

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See also: 各
名 U+540D, 名
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-540D
← 同
[U+540C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 后 →
[U+540E]
㊔ U+3294, ㊔
CIRCLED IDEOGRAPH NAME
← ㊓
[U+3293] 		Enclosed CJK Letters and Months ㊕ →
[U+3295]

Translingual

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Stroke order
6 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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名 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 弓戈口 (NIR), four-corner 27600, composition ⿱夕口)

Derived characters

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Further reading

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 175, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3297
  • Dae Jaweon: page 391, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 582, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+540D

Chinese

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trad. 名
simp. # 名

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 名
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (名) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
名 *meŋ
洺 *meŋ
眳 *meŋʔ, *meːŋʔ
詺 *meŋs
銘 *meːŋ
茗 *meːŋʔ
酩 *meːŋʔ
姳 *meːŋʔ

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 夕 (“crescent moon”) + 口 (“mouth”) — to say one's own name to identify oneself in the dark.

An alternative theory has been proposed based on Shang era texts. 口 was originally used to write both 口 and 名. 夕 standing for what later came to be written 明, was added as a phonetic indicator to disambiguate the two meanings.

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-miŋ (“name”). Cognate with Tibetan མིང (ming), Burmese အမည် (a.many), and Mizo hming.

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • ming4 - literary;
  • meng4(-2) - vernacular.
Note:
  • men3 - literary;
  • miang3* - vernacular.
Note:
  • miang4 - vernacular;
  • min4 - literary.
Note:
  • miàng - vernacular;
  • mìng - literary.
Note:
  • mia2 - vernacular;
  • ming2 - literary.
Note:
  • miâ - vernacular (“name; given name; reputation; classifier for place”);
  • bêng - literary.
Note:
  • mian5 - vernacular;
  • mêng5 - literary.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 名
Mandarin Beijing /miŋ³⁵/
Harbin /miŋ²⁴/
Tianjin /miŋ⁴⁵/
Jinan /miŋ⁴²/
Qingdao /miŋ⁴²/
Zhengzhou /miŋ⁴²/
Xi'an /miŋ²⁴/
Xining /miə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /miŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /mĩn⁵³/
Ürümqi /miŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /min²¹³/
Chengdu /min³¹/
Guiyang /min²¹/
Kunming /mĩ¹/
Nanjing /min²⁴/
Hefei /min⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /miəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /miŋ¹³/
/mi¹³/ 名字
Hohhot /mĩŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /miŋ²³/
Suzhou /min¹³/
Hangzhou /min²¹³/
Wenzhou /meŋ³¹/
Hui Shexian /miʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /mɛ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /min¹³/
Xiangtan /mian¹²/
/min¹²/
Gan Nanchang /miɑŋ⁴⁵/
/min⁴⁵/ ～堂
Hakka Meixian /miaŋ¹¹/
Taoyuan /miɑŋ¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /meŋ²¹/
/mɛŋ³⁵/
Nanning /mɛŋ²¹/
Hong Kong /miŋ²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /biŋ³⁵/
/mia³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /miaŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /miaŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /miã⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /meŋ³¹/
/mia³¹/
Rime
Character 名
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 武并切
Baxter mjieng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/miᴇŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/miɛŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/miæŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/miajŋ/
Li
Rong 		/miɛŋ/
Wang
Li 		/mĭɛŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/mi̯ɛŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		míng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ming4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 名
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		míng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mjieng ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.meŋ/
English name

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 名
Reading # 1/1
No. 9178
Phonetic
component 		名
Rime
group 		耕
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		名
Old
Chinese 		/*meŋ/

Definitions

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名

  1. name
    書名／书名  ―  shūmíng  ―  title of the book
    給它起個名兒／给它起个名儿  ―  gěi tā qǐ ge míngr  ―  give it a name
  2. given name
    Coordinate term: 姓 (xìng)
  3. reputation; fame
    有名  ―  yǒumíng  ―  famous
    名利  ―  mínglì  ―  fame and fortune
  4. famous; reputable
    名牌  ―  míngpái  ―  having a good brand name; a brand name product
  5. excuse; form; ostensible purpose
    師出有名／师出有名  ―  shīchūyǒumíng  ―  to do something for a good and proper reason
  6. (grammar) Short for 名詞／名词 (míngcí, “noun”).
  7. (grammar) Short for 專有名詞／专有名词 (zhuānyǒu míngcí, “proper noun”).
  8. (archaic, mathematics, arithmetic) sign
  9. to be called
    伊名什乇？ [Eastern Min, trad. and simp.]
    Ĭ miàng sié-nó̤h? / [i⁵⁵ miaŋ⁵³ sie²¹³⁻⁵³ nˡɔʔ²⁴] [Bàng-uâ-cê / IPA]
    What's his/her name?
  10. to describe; to give details of
    莫名其妙  ―  mòmíngqímiào  ―  baffling
  11. Classifier for place in a competition or position in a name list.
  12. Classifier for people with a certain status or identity.

Synonyms

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Compounds

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References

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  • “名”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • “Entry #2127”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
  • 莆田市政协文化文史和学习委员会 [Culture, History and Learning Committee of Putian CPPCC], editor (2021), “名”, in 莆仙方言大词典 [Comprehensive Dictionary of Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 382.
  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “名”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 159.

Japanese

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Kanji

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名

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
名
な
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *na (compare Okinawan 名 (nā)).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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名(な) • (na) 

  1. name
    名(な)を連(つら)ねる
    na o tsuraneru
    put one's name on (a list)
    名(な)ばかりの
    na bakari no
    in name only
    • 2013 July 20, “暗(あん)黒(こく)界(かい)の騎(き)士(し) ズール [Zure, Knight of the Dark World]”, in ハーフデッキ　闇(やみ) [Half-Deck: DARK], Konami:
      暗(あん)黒(こく)界(かい)でその名(な)を知(し)らぬ者(もの)はいない、誇(ほこ)り高(たか)き騎(き)士(し)。決(けっ)して弱(よわ)き者(もの)に手(て)を下(くだ)す事(こと)はない。
      Ankokukai de sono na o shiranu mono wa inai, hokoritakaki kishi. Kesshite yowaki mono ni te o kudasu koto wa nai.
      Everyone in the Dark World knows the name of this illustrious knight. He never oppresses the commoners.
  2. reputation
    名(な)が響(ひび)いている
    na ga hibiite iru
    be famous
    名(な)が上(あ)がる
    na ga agaru
    become famous
    名(な)を上(あ)げる/現(あらわ)す/成(な)す/売(う)る
    na o ageru/arawasu/nasu/uru
    become famous, make one's name
    • Usage note: 名を上げる differs from 名が上がる in that the subject purposefully did something to make themselves famous.
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
名
めい
Grade: 1
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 名 (MC mjieng, “name”).

Pronunciation

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Counter

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名(めい) • (-mei) 

  1. counter word for people, persons

Noun

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名(めい) • (mei) 

  1. name

Prefix

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名(めい) • (mei-) 

  1. famous, great, noted

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 名 (MC mjieng).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 며ᇰ (Yale: myèng)
Middle Korean
Text Eumhun
Gloss (hun) Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 일홈〮 (Yale: ìlhwóm) 며ᇰ (Yale: myèng)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

名 (eumhun 이름 명 (ireum myeong))

  1. hanja form? of 명 (“name”) [noun]
  2. hanja form? of 명 (“famous; great; noted”) [prefix]

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Kunigami

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Kanji

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名

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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名(なー) (nā) 

  1. name

Miyako

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Kanji

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名

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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名 (hiragana なー, rōmaji nā)

  1. name

Okinawan

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Kanji

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名

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
名
なー
Grade: 1
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

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Noun

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名(なー) (nā) 

  1. name

References

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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名: Hán Việt readings: danh (民(dân)瞑(manh)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4][5]
名: Nôm readings: ranh[1][2][3][6], danh[1][2][4][7], rành[1], quanh[2], dinh[2], gianh[2]

  1. chữ Hán form of danh (“famous; well-known”).

Compounds

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Compounds

References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Bonet (1899).
  5. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  6. ^ Hồ (1976).
  7. ^ Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

Yaeyama

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Kanji

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名

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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名 (hiragana なー, rōmaji nā)

  1. name

Yonaguni

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Kanji

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名

(First grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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名 (hiragana なー, rōmaji nā)

  1. name

References

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  • “なー【名】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Zhuang

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Pronoun

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名

  1. Sawndip form of mwngz
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