大食

Chinese

Etymology 1

		phonetic
trad. (大食)		大	食
simp. #(大食)		大	食

Borrowed from Middle Persian tʾcyk' (Tāčīk, Tāzīg). Doublet of 塔吉克 (Tǎjíkè). Cognate with English Tajik.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Dàshí

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄚˋ ㄕˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): daai⁶ sik⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Dàshí
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˋ ㄕˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Dàshíh
    • Wade–Giles: Ta⁴-shih²
    • Yale: Dà-shŕ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Dahshyr
    • Palladius: Даши (Daši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: daai⁶ sik⁶
    • Yale: daaih sihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: daai⁶ sik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: dai⁶ xig⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taːi̯²² sɪk̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: dajH zyik

Rime
Character	大	食
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	徒蓋切	乗力切
Baxter	dajH	zyik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑiH/	/ʑɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑiH/	/ʑɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑiH/	/ʑiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dajH/	/ʑik̚/
Li Rong	/dɑiH/	/d͡ʑiək̚/
Wang Li	/dɑiH/	/d͡ʑĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑiH/	/d͡ʑʰi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dài	shí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	daai6	sik6

Proper noun

大食

1. (archaic, Tang dynasty) the (Abbasid) caliphate

Etymology 2

		big; great; huge big; great; huge; large; major; wide; deep; oldest; eldest; doctor	eat; food; to feed eat; food; to feed; animal feed
trad. (大食)		大	食
simp. #(大食)		大	食

Pronunciation 1

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dàshí

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄚˋ ㄕˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): daai⁶ sik⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thai-sṳ̍t
• Eastern Min (BUC): duâi-siăh^→siĕh
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tōa-chia̍h

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dàshí
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄚˋ ㄕˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dàshíh
    • Wade–Giles: ta⁴-shih²
    • Yale: dà-shŕ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dahshyr
    • Palladius: даши (daši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tä⁵¹ ʂʐ̩³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: daai⁶ sik⁶
    • Yale: daaih sihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: daai⁶ sik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: dai⁶ xig⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taːi̯²² sɪk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thai-sṳ̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: tai siid
    • Hagfa Pinyim: tai⁴ sid⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰai̯⁵⁵ sɨt̚⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: duâi-siăh^→siĕh
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ ^(s-)lieʔ⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōa-chia̍h
    • Tâi-lô: tuā-tsia̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: doaxciah
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tua²²⁻²¹ t͡siaʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tua⁴¹⁻²² t͡siaʔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tua²²⁻²¹ t͡siaʔ¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /tua³³⁻¹¹ t͡siaʔ⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /tua³³⁻²¹ t͡siaʔ⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: dajH zyik

Rime
Character	大	食
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	船 (27)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)	職 (134)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	徒蓋切	乗力切
Baxter	dajH	zyik
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/dɑiH/	/ʑɨk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/dɑiH/	/ʑɨk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/dɑiH/	/ʑiek̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/dajH/	/ʑik̚/
Li Rong	/dɑiH/	/d͡ʑiək̚/
Wang Li	/dɑiH/	/d͡ʑĭək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/dʱɑiH/	/d͡ʑʰi̯ək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dài	shí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	daai6	sik6

Adjective

大食

1. (literary or Cantonese, Hakka, Min) having a large appetite; being a big eater

   我細個嗰陣時好大食㗎，一餐起碼要有三碗飯落肚。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   我细个嗰阵时好大食㗎，一餐起码要有三碗饭落肚。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   ngo⁵ sai³ go³ go² zan⁶ si⁴ hou² daai⁶ sik⁶ gaa³, jat¹ caan¹ hei² maa⁵ jiu³ jau⁵ saam¹ wun² faan⁶ lok⁶ tou⁵. [Jyutping]

   I used to be a big eater when I was small. I had to have at least three bowls of rice each meal.

2. (Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, of a tool, e.g. a knife) penetrating deeper or more frequently

Antonyms

• (Cantonese, Hokkien) 細食／细食
• (Hokkien, Teochew) 小食 (sió-chia̍h), 小口 (sió-kháu)

Derived terms

• 大食懶／大食懒
• 大食虎

 

Related terms

• (Cantonese) 為食／为食 (“gluttonous; greedy”)

Noun

大食

1. (Taiwanese Hokkien, thieves' slang) gunny sack

Pronunciation 2

• Cantonese (Jyutping): daai⁶ sik⁶
• Eastern Min (BUC): duâi-siăh^→*siĕh

---

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: daai⁶ sik⁶
    • Yale: daaih sihk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: daai⁶ sik⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: dai⁶ xig⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /taːi̯²² sɪk̚²/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: duâi-siăh^→*siĕh
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuai²⁴²⁻⁵⁵ sieʔ⁵/

Verb

大食

1. (Cantonese, Eastern Min) to gorge oneself; to pig out

Derived terms

• 大使大食
• 大食會／大食会
• 大飲大食／大饮大食

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (大食):

• → Japanese: 大食(たいしょく) (taishoku)
• → Korean: 대식(大食) (daesik)

References

• 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “大食”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎^[1], volume 2 (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC, page 430

Japanese

Kanji in this term
大	食
たい Grade: 1	しょく Grade: 2
kan'on

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) たいしょく [tàíshókú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ta̠iɕo̞kɯ̟]

Noun

大(たい)食(しょく) • (taishoku) 

1. gluttony