時候

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See also: 时候

Chinese

[edit]
o'clock; time; when
o'clock; time; when; hour; season; period
 
wait
trad. (時候)
simp. (时候)

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (25) (33)
Final () (19) (137)
Tone (調) Level (Ø) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III I
Fanqie
Baxter dzyi huwH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡ʑɨ/ /ɦəuH/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡ʑɨ/ /ɦəuH/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡ʑie/ /ɣəuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡ʑɨ/ /ɦəwH/
Li
Rong
/ʑiə/ /ɣuH/
Wang
Li
/ʑĭə/ /ɣəuH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʑi/ /ɣə̯uH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
chí hòu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
si4 hau6
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
shí hòu
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzyi › ‹ huwH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[d]ə/ (~ *[d]əʔ) /*[ɡ]ˁ(r)o-s/
English time wait upon

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 12042 5154
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
0 0
Corresponding
MC rime
𠋫
Old
Chinese
/*djɯ/ /*ɡoːs/

Noun

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時候

  1. period of time
    上課時候上课时候  ―  shàngkè de shíhou  ―  during class
  2. a point in time
    時候決定 [MSC, trad.]
    时候决定 [MSC, simp.]
    Dào shíhou zài juédìng ba. [Pinyin]
    We'll decide later.
    時候不早趕快睡覺 [MSC, trad.]
    时候不早赶快睡觉 [MSC, simp.]
    Shíhou bùzǎo le, gǎnkuài shuìjiào ba! [Pinyin]
    It's getting late. Get to bed!
    這個時候怎麼 [MSC, trad.]
    这个时候怎么 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhège shíhou gāi zěnme bàn ne? [Pinyin]
    What do I do at this moment?
    知道現在什麼時候 [MSC, trad.]
    知道现在什么时候 [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ zhīdào xiànzài shì shénme shíhou le ma? [Pinyin]
    Do you know what time is it now?
  3. (Classical) season and climate

Usage notes

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Often placed at the end of a clause, and preceded by (de), to indicate when something happens. For example:

Note that (dāng) is often omitted, and that (shí) (not preceded by (de)) can also be used the same way.

Synonyms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (時候):
  • Japanese: ()(こう) (jikō)
  • Korean: 시후(時候) (sihu)

References

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Japanese

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Kanji in this term

Grade: 2
こう
Grade: 4
on'yomi

Etymology

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Appears to be from Middle Chinese 時候 (MC dzyi huwH). The reading is a mix of older goon ji and relatively newer kan'on , suggesting a possible shift in reading after borrowing.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

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()(こう) (jikō

  1. the weather or climate of each of the four seasons

References

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  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN