毒
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Translingual
[edit]Traditional | 毒 |
---|---|
Simplified | 毒 |
Japanese | 毒 |
Korean | 毒 |
Han character
[edit]毒 (Kangxi radical 80, 毋+4, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese and Japanese, 9 strokes in simplified Chinese, cangjie input 手一田卜戈 (QMWYI), four-corner 50507, composition ⿱龶母(GKV) or ⿱龶毋(HTJ))
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 589, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16730
- Dae Jaweon: page 981, character 8
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2382, character 5
- Unihan data for U+6BD2
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 毒 | |
---|---|
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
Pictogram (象形) - a woman wearing a feathered ornament - original form of 纛 (OC *duːɡs, *duːɡ).
Alternatively, Li Xueqin (2012) proposes it is a phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *l'uːɡ) : semantic 屮 (“vegetation”) + phonetic 毐 (OC *ʔmɯː, *ʔmɯːʔ), meaning "a type of poisonous plant."
Etymology
[edit]- “poison”
- From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *duk ~ tuk (“poison; to poison”). Cognate with Tibetan དུག (dug, “poison; toxin”), གདུག (gdug), གདུག་པ (gdug pa, “vicious; evil; poisonous”), Burmese တောက် (tauk, “to suffer from toxicity; to be ill; to be poisonous”).
- “to poison” (Pronunciation 2)
- A departing tone variant, meaning “to poison”, is preserved in southern varieties, including Cantonese, Hakka, Min, southern Gan, and southern Wu. It is derived from the sense “poison” with the *–s suffix in Old Chinese.
- “nerdy”
- Derived from 毒撚.
Pronunciation 1
[edit]trad. | 毒 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 毒 | |
alternative forms |
- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): tuh7
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): dueh5
- Northern Min (KCR): dù / tū
- Eastern Min (BUC): dŭk / dĕ̤k
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 8doq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): dou6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄨˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dú
- Wade–Giles: tu2
- Yale: dú
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dwu
- Palladius: ду (du)
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: duk6 / duk1
- Yale: duhk / dūk
- Cantonese Pinyin: duk9 / duk7
- Guangdong Romanization: dug6 / dug1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʊk̚²/, /tʊk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note: duk1 - only used in the phonetic transcription 身毒 (“India”).
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: uuk5
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɵk̚³²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: tuh7
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰuʔ²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thu̍k
- Hakka Romanization System: tug
- Hagfa Pinyim: tug6
- Sinological IPA: /tʰuk̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: dueh5
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /tuəʔ⁵⁴/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: dù / tū
- Sinological IPA (key): /tu⁴²/, /tʰu⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
Note:
- dù - literary;
- tū - vernacular.
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: dŭk / dĕ̤k
- Sinological IPA (key): /tuʔ⁵/, /tøyʔ⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- dŭk - literary;
- dĕ̤k - vernacular.
- Southern Min
Note:
- to̍k - literary (“poison; cruel; fierce”);
- ta̍k - vernacular.
- Middle Chinese: dowk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[d]ˤuk/
- (Zhengzhang): /*l'uːɡ/
Definitions
[edit]毒
- poison; toxin; venom; bane
- 有毒 ― yǒudú ― poisonous
- † calamity; disaster; trouble
- † pain; suffering
- † crime; evil
- to poison; to administer poison to
- † to harm; to injure
- † to hate; to resent
- † Alternative form of 督 (dū, “to manage; to govern”)
- poisonous; noxious
- † heavy; thick
- (figurative) pernicious influence; harmful influence
- severe; fierce; violent
- malicious; cruel; sinister
- (literary, or in compounds) narcotics; narcotic drugs
- (Hong Kong Cantonese) nerdy
Synonyms
[edit]- (narcotics): 毒品 (dúpǐn)
Compounds
[edit]- 三毒 (sāndú)
- 下毒 (xiàdú)
- 下毒手 (xiàdúshǒu)
- 不毒不發/不毒不发
- 中毒 (zhòngdú)
- 丹毒 (dāndú)
- 㐖毒 (Xiédú)
- 五毒 (wǔdú)
- 亭毒
- 人莫予毒 (rénmòyúdú)
- 以毒攻毒 (yǐdúgōngdú)
- 便毒
- 倒馬毒/倒马毒
- 內毒/内毒
- 內毒素/内毒素 (nèidúsù)
- 刻毒 (kèdú)
- 刮毒
- 刮骨去毒
- 刮骨療毒/刮骨疗毒
- 劇毒/剧毒 (jùdú)
- 厚味臘毒/厚味腊毒
- 厭毒/厌毒
- 反毒
- 吸毒 (xīdú)
- 命毒
- 哏毒
- 嗎啡中毒/吗啡中毒
- 外毒素 (wàidúsù)
- 大麻中毒
- 天然毒素
- 奸毒
- 宴安鴆毒/宴安鸩毒
- 尿毒症 (niàodúzhèng)
- 屠毒筆墨/屠毒笔墨
- 工業中毒/工业中毒
- 怨毒 (yuàndú)
- 悔毒之歎/悔毒之叹
- 惡毒/恶毒 (èdú)
- 慘毒/惨毒 (cǎndú)
- 戒毒 (jièdú)
- 抗毒素 (kàngdúsù)
- 抗毒血清
- 拒毒 (jùdú)
- 括毒
- 掃毒/扫毒 (sǎodú)
- 時毒/时毒
- 有毒植物
- 服毒 (fúdú)
- 梅毒 (méidú)
- 楚毒
- 歹毒 (dǎidú)
- 殘毒/残毒 (cándú)
- 毒刑
- 毒刺 (dúcì)
- 毒劑/毒剂 (dújì)
- 毒化
- 毒卉
- 毒品 (dúpǐn)
- 毒咬
- 毒害 (dúhài)
- 毒性 (dúxìng)
- 毒手 (dúshǒu)
- 毒手尊拳
- 毒打 (dúdǎ)
- 毒招
- 毒日頭/毒日头
- 毒梟/毒枭 (dúxiāo)
- 毒殺/毒杀 (dúshā)
- 毒氣/毒气 (dúqì)
- 毒氣室/毒气室 (dúqìshì)
- 毒液 (dúyè)
- 毒烈
- 毒牙
- 毒物 (dúwù)
- 毒瓦斯 (dúwǎsī)
- 毒瘤 (dúliú)
- 毒瘴
- 毒癮/毒瘾 (dúyǐn)
- 毒砂
- 毒箭
- 毒素 (dúsù)
- 毒腺 (dúxiàn)
- 毒花花
- 毒草 (dúcǎo)
- 毒藥/毒药 (dúyào)
- 毒藥苦口/毒药苦口
- 毒蛇 (dúshé)
- 毒蛇猛獸/毒蛇猛兽 (dúshéměngshòu)
- 毒蟲/毒虫 (dúchóng)
- 毒計/毒计 (dújì)
- 毒語/毒语
- 毒謀/毒谋
- 毒辣 (dúlà)
- 毒酒
- 毒霧/毒雾
- 毒餌/毒饵 (dú'ěr)
- 毒龍/毒龙
- 氰中毒
- 氯氣中毒/氯气中毒
- 水中毒 (shuǐzhòngdú)
- 汞中毒 (gǒngzhòngdú)
- 流毒 (liúdú)
- 消毒 (xiāodú)
- 消毒劑/消毒剂 (xiāodújì)
- 消毒藥/消毒药
- 溴中毒
- 漆毒疹
- 無名腫毒/无名肿毒
- 無毒/无毒 (wúdú)
- 煤毒
- 煙毒/烟毒
- 熱毒/热毒 (rèdú)
- 燕安鴆毒/燕安鸩毒
- 狠毒 (hěndú)
- 狼毒
- 狼猛蜂毒
- 瓦斯中毒
- 病毒 (bìngdú)
- 百毒不侵 (bǎidúbùqīn)
- 眼毒
- 票房毒藥/票房毒药 (piàofáng dúyào)
- 緝毒/缉毒 (jīdú)
- 肉毒桿菌/肉毒杆菌 (ròudúgǎnjūn)
- 胎毒 (tāidú)
- 胎裡毒/胎里毒
- 腊毒
- 腺病毒 (xiànbìngdú)
- 膿毒病/脓毒病
- 芥子毒氣/芥子毒气 (jièzǐ dúqì)
- 莫予毒也 (mòyúdúyě)
- 莫余毒也 (mòyúdúyě)
- 荼毒 (túdú)
- 荼毒生靈/荼毒生灵
- 藥物中毒/药物中毒
- 蜂蠆有毒/蜂虿有毒
- 蠱毒/蛊毒 (gǔdú)
- 解毒 (jiědú)
- 解毒劑/解毒剂
- 貝毒/贝毒
- 販毒/贩毒 (fàndú)
- 赤口毒舌
- 身毒
- 遺毒/遗毒 (yídú)
- 酒精中毒 (jiǔjīng zhòngdú)
- 酖毒/鸩毒
- 酸中毒 (suānzhòngdú)
- 酵素毒
- 金屬中毒/金属中毒
- 鉛中毒/铅中毒 (qiānzhòngdú)
- 鎘中毒/镉中毒 (gé zhòngdú)
- 防毒 (fángdú)
- 防毒面具 (fángdú miànjù)
- 陰毒/阴毒 (yīndú)
- 電腦病毒/电脑病毒 (diànnǎo bìngdú)
- 類毒素/类毒素 (lèidúsù)
- 食物中毒 (shíwù zhòngdú)
- 餘毒/余毒 (yúdú)
- 高溫消毒/高温消毒
- 鴆毒/鸩毒
- 鹼中毒/碱中毒 (jiǎnzhòngdú)
- 黃麴毒素/黄曲毒素
Descendants
[edit]Others:
Pronunciation 2
[edit]trad. | 毒 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 毒 | |
alternative forms | 杜 Cantonese 餖/饾 Hakka 透 Eastern Min |
- Cantonese (Jyutping): dou6
- Hakka
- Northern Min (KCR): tē
- Eastern Min (BUC): táu
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thāu
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: dou6
- Yale: douh
- Cantonese Pinyin: dou6
- Guangdong Romanization: dou6
- Sinological IPA (key): /tou̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: theu
- Hakka Romanization System: teu
- Hagfa Pinyim: teu4
- Sinological IPA: /tʰeu̯⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tē
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰe⁵⁵/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: táu
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰɑu²¹³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
Definitions
[edit]毒
- (Cantonese, Hakka, Min, colloquial) to poison; to administer poison to
Pronunciation 3
[edit]trad. | 毒 | |
---|---|---|
simp. # | 毒 | |
alternative forms | 𭖪 |
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄉㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: dài
- Wade–Giles: tai4
- Yale: dài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: day
- Palladius: дай (daj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /taɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: doi6
- Yale: doih
- Cantonese Pinyin: doi6
- Guangdong Romanization: doi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɔːi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Definitions
[edit]毒
References
[edit]- “毒”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]毒
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: どく (doku, Jōyō); だい (dai)
- Kan-on: とく (toku); たい (tai)
- Kun: そこなう (sokonau, 毒なう); わるい (warui, 毒い); ぶす (busu)
Compounds
[edit]Compounds
Kanji in this term |
---|
毒 |
どく Grade: 5 |
on'yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
Korean
[edit]
Etymology 1
[edit](This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [to̞k̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [독]
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Hanja
[edit]- Alternative form of 玳 (“hanja form? of 대 (“turtle”)”)
- Alternative form of 瑇 (“hanja form? of 대 (“turtle”)”)
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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