独楽

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 獨樂

Japanese

[edit]
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
独楽 (koma, komatsuburi, komatsukuri, tsumukuri, dokuraku): a collection of spinning tops.

Etymology 1

[edit]
Kanji in this term
Grade: 5 Grade: 2
irregular
Alternative spelling
獨樂 (kyūjitai)

Appears to be a shortening of older reading komatsukuri[1] or komatsuburi[1][2] (see below).

The shorter form koma is now the most common reading. The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

独楽(こま) (koma

  1. a spinning top
  2. (by extension) a rigid object that can rotate freely around a fixed point
  3. a 家紋 (kamon, family crest) in the form or shape of a spinning top
  4. a hexagonal or octagonal top, decorated with images and/or writing, used for gambling
    Synonym: 御花独楽 (ohanagoma)
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]
Kanji in this term
Grade: 5 Grade: 2
irregular
Alternative spelling
獨樂 (kyūjitai)

Older form of koma above.

Compound of 高麗 (Koma, Goryeo; Korea; foreign lands) +‎ つぶり (tsuburi, round thing, cognate with 円ら (tsubura), “round”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): [ko̞ma̠t͡sɨbɯ̟ɾʲi]

Noun

[edit]

独楽(こまつぶり) (komatsuburi

  1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) Same as こま (koma) above

Etymology 3

[edit]
Kanji in this term
Grade: 5 Grade: 2
irregular
Alternative spelling
獨樂 (kyūjitai)

Additional older form of koma above, attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE).

Compound of 高麗 (Koma, Goryeo; Korea; foreign lands) +‎ 作り (tsukuri, making; made thing, the (れん)(よう)(けい) (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of the verb (つく) (tsukuru, to make)).[1]

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): [ko̞ma̠t͡sɨkɯ̟ɾʲi]

Noun

[edit]

独楽(こまつくり) (komatsukuri

  1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) Same as こま (koma) above

Etymology 4

[edit]
Kanji in this term
Grade: 5 Grade: 2
irregular
Alternative spelling
獨樂 (kyūjitai)

Ancient alternative to koma above. Probably from 紡錘 (tsumu, a spindle, root of the verb 紡む (tsumugu), “to spin thread or yarn) +‎ 繰り (kuri, winding, the (れん)(よう)(けい) (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of the verb () (kuru, to wind something onto something else)).[2][3]

Occasionally also encountered with rendaku as tsumuguri.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): [t͡sɨmɯ̟kɯ̟ɾʲi]

Noun

[edit]

独楽(つむくり) (tsumukuri

  1. (archaic, possibly obsolete) Same as こま (koma) above

Etymology 5

[edit]
Kanji in this term
どく
Grade: 5
らく
Grade: 2
goon
Alternative spelling
獨樂 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 獨樂 (MC duwk lak).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Adjective

[edit]

(どく)(らく) (dokuraku

  1. fun or entertaining for one person alone
Usage notes
[edit]

Used attributively with the particle (no).

Noun

[edit]

(どく)(らく) (dokuraku

  1. something fun or entertaining for one person alone
  2. (uncommon) Same as こま (koma) above

References

[edit]
  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN