紙

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See also: 纸 and 帋
紙 U+7D19, 紙
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D19
← 紘
[U+7D18] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 級 →
[U+7D1A]

Translingual

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Han character

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紙 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+4, 10 strokes, cangjie input 女火竹女心 (VFHVP), four-corner 22940, composition ⿰糹氏)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 918, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27293
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1347, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3375, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+7D19

Chinese

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trad. 紙
simp. 纸
alternative forms 帋
𦀦
𥾬

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 紙
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (氏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
氏 *skeŋ, *kje, *ɡjeʔ
衹 *kje, *ɡe
紙 *kjeʔ
帋 *kjeʔ
扺 *kjeʔ
坁 *kjeʔ
汦 *kjeʔ, *tjil
忯 *ɡje, *ɡe
眂 *ɡje, *ɡils
舐 *ɦljeʔ
芪 *ɡe
祇 *ɡe
疧 *ɡe
軝 *ɡe
蚔 *ɡe

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kjeʔ) : semantic 糸 (“silk”) + phonetic 氏 (OC *skeŋ, *kje, *ɡjeʔ).

Etymology

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Unknown. It has been connected to Vietnamese giấy (< Proto-Vietic *k-cajʔ).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • chóa - vernacular;
  • chí - literary.
Rime
Character 紙
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 支 (11)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 諸氏切
Baxter tsyeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕiᴇX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕiɛX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕjɛX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ciə̆X/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕieX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕǐeX/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕie̯X/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zi2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 紙
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyeX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*k.teʔ/
English paper

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 紙
Reading # 1/1
No. 11516
Phonetic
component 		氏
Rime
group 		支
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		紙
Old
Chinese 		/*kjeʔ/

Definitions

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紙

  1. (countable) paper (Classifier: 張／张)
    草稿紙／草稿纸  ―  cǎogǎozhǐ  ―  scratch paper
    她買了紙、筆等文具。 [MSC, trad.]
    她买了纸、笔等文具。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā mǎi le zhǐ, bǐ děng wénjù. [Pinyin]
    She bought paper, pens, and other such stationery.
    他用棕色的紙把包裹包起來。 [MSC, trad.]
    他用棕色的纸把包裹包起来。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā yòng zōngsè de zhǐ bǎ bāoguǒ bāo qǐlái. [Pinyin]
    He wrapped brown paper around the package.
  2. (chiefly Cantonese) currency
    港紙／港纸 [Cantonese]  ―  gong2 zi2 [Jyutping]  ―  Hong Kong dollar
    加紙／加纸 [Cantonese]  ―  gaa1 zi2 [Jyutping]  ―  Canadian dollar
  3. (Cantonese, countable) banknote; bill (Classifier: 張／张 c)
    十蚊紙／十蚊纸 [Cantonese]  ―  sap6 man1 zi2 [Jyutping]  ―  ten-dollar bill
  4. Classifier for document and letters.
  5. Short for 紙錢／纸钱 (zhǐqián, “paper made to resemble money and burnt as an offering to the dead”).
  6. (Mandarin, neologism, slang) Pronunciation spelling of 子 (zǐ).
    妹紙／妹纸  ―  mèizhǐ  ―  girl
    胖紙／胖纸  ―  pàngzhǐ  ―  fatty
  7. a surname

Synonyms

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Dialectal synonyms of 紙 (“paper”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 紙
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 紙, 紙張 collective
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 紙
Taiwan 紙
Singapore 紙
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 紙
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 紙
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 紙
Xi'an 紙
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 紙
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 紙
Wuhan 紙
Guilin 紙
Nanning (Wuming) 紙
Dagudi (Maliba) 紙
Reshuitang (Longling) 紙
Mae Salong (Lancang) 紙
Mae Sai (Tengchong) 紙
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 紙
Hefei 紙
Cantonese Guangzhou 紙
Hong Kong 紙
Taishan (Guanghai) 紙
Yangjiang 紙
Hepu (Lianzhou) 紙
Hepu (Shatian) 紙
Beihai 紙
Beihai (Nankang) 紙
Beihai (Yingpan) 紙
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 紙
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 紙
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 紙
Singapore (Guangfu) 紙
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 紙
Móng Cái 紙
Mandalay (Taishan) 紙
Gan Nanchang 紙
Hakka Meixian 紙
Jiexi 紙
Yudu 紙
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 紙
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 紙
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 紙
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 紙
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 紙
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 紙
Sabah (Longchuan) 紙
Huizhou Jixi 紙
Jin Taiyuan 紙
Northern Min Jian'ou 紙
Eastern Min Fuzhou 紙
Southern Min Xiamen 紙
Singapore (Hokkien) 紙
Manila (Hokkien) 紙
Chaozhou 紙
Shantou 紙
Jieyang 紙
Bangkok (Teochew) 紙
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 紙
Hat Yai (Teochew) 紙
Singapore (Teochew) 紙
Pontianak (Teochew) 紙
Leizhou 紙
Wu Suzhou 紙, 紙頭
Ningbo 紙頭
Zhoushan 紙頭
Wenzhou 紙
Xiang Changsha 紙
Xiangxiang 紙
Shuangfeng 紙

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (紙):
  • → Japanese: 紙(し) (shi)
  • → Korean: 지(紙) (ji)
  • → Vietnamese: chỉ (紙)

Others:

References

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Japanese

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Kanji

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紙

(Second grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. paper

Readings

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  • Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
  • Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
  • Kun: かみ (kami, 紙, Jōyō)

Alternative forms

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
紙
かみ
Grade: 2
kun'yomi

Cited to manuscript kana glosses in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE[1], from Proto-Japonic *kanpi. Cognate with Okinawan 紙 (kabi).

Appears to be a shift in pronunciation from the Middle Chinese term 簡 (MC keanX), borrowed into Old Japanese with the pronunciation kan.[2]

  • /kaɴ/ → */kamu/ → /kami/

Earlier Japanese writing was ambiguous regarding the final n sound spelled ん in modern Japanese, with this sound often spelled (and possibly pronounced) as む (mu) instead. Compare the similar appearance of an excrescent final -i in the derivation of 文 (fumi) from borrowed bun or pun.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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紙(かみ) • (kami) 

  1. [from 720] paper
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
紙
し
Grade: 2
on'yomi

From Middle Chinese 紙 (MC tsyeX).

Pronunciation

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Affix

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紙(し) • (shi) ←し (si)?

  1. paper
  2. newspaper
    大手紙(おおてし)
    ōteshi
    major newspaper

References

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  1. ^ “紙”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
  2. ^ “紙”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

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Etymology

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(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

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Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

紙 (eumhun 종이 지 (jong'i ji))

  1. hanja form? of 지 (“paper”)

Old Japanese

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Noun

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紙 (*KAMI₁)

  1. paper
    • Shōsōin document, text here
      卅巻未取犯、仍為一帙、〈加遲乃紙〉
      MI₁SO₁ MAKI₁ PA WOKASI WO TO₂RAZU, ITI-TITU wo SI YO₁RU (kadi-no₂ KAMI₁)
      Thirty folds are not taken as a crime; continue making one book case ([using] paper made from rudder)

Reconstruction notes

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The reconstruction as *KAMI₁ and not **KAMI₂ is because Ainu would have loaned this word as *kambUy, not kambi. Note that Old Japanese "voiced stops" are recognized as pre-nasalized voiced stops, and this is supported by Ainu loans from Old Japanese.

Descendants

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Vietnamese

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Chữ Hán

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紙: Hán Nôm readings: chỉ, giấy

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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