緊張
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See also: 紧张
Chinese
[edit]tight; nervous; strict | (a measure word); surname; open up | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (緊張) | 緊 | 張 | |
simp. (紧张) | 紧 | 张 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gan2 zoeng1
- (Taishan, Wiktionary): gin2 ziang1*
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kín-chông
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien, POJ): kín-tiuⁿ / kín-tiang / kán-chiong / kín-chiong
- (Teochew, Peng'im): ging2 ziang1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˇ ㄓㄤ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jǐnjhang
- Wade–Giles: chin3-chang1
- Yale: jǐn-jāng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiinjang
- Palladius: цзиньчжан (czinʹčžan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕin²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂɑŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gan2 zoeng1
- Yale: gán jēung
- Cantonese Pinyin: gan2 dzoeng1
- Guangdong Romanization: gen2 zêng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kɐn³⁵ t͡sœːŋ⁵⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: gin2 ziang1*
- Sinological IPA (key): /kin⁵⁵ t͡siaŋ³³⁻³³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kín-chông
- Hakka Romanization System: gin` zong´
- Hagfa Pinyim: gin3 zong1
- Sinological IPA: /kin³¹ t͡soŋ²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kín-tiuⁿ
- Tâi-lô: kín-tiunn
- Phofsit Daibuun: kyndviw
- IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /kin⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tiũ³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiũ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /kin⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tiũ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kín-tiang
- Tâi-lô: kín-tiang
- Phofsit Daibuun: kyndiafng
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tiaŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Singapore, Penang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kán-chiong
- Tâi-lô: kán-tsiong
- Phofsit Daibuun: kafnciofng
- IPA (Singapore): /kan⁴²⁻²⁴ t͡siɔŋ⁴⁴/
- IPA (Penang): /kan⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡siɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Penang)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kín-chiong
- Tâi-lô: kín-tsiong
- Phofsit Daibuun: kynciofng
- IPA (Penang): /kin⁴⁴⁵⁻³³ t͡siɔŋ³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Philippines)
Note: kán-chiong - from Cantonese pronunciation.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: ging2 ziang1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kíng tsiang
- Sinological IPA (key): /kiŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ t͡siaŋ³³/
- (Teochew)
Adjective
[edit]緊張
- nervous; worried; stressed; anxious
- (of muscle, rope, etc.) tense; taut
- (of situation etc.) tense; intense; acute; fierce; pressing
- in short supply; scarce
- fast-paced
Synonyms
[edit]- (worried):
- (pressing):
- 亟亟 (jíjí) (literary)
- 促迫 (cùpò)
- 倥傯/倥偬 (kǒngzǒng) (literary)
- 切切 (qièqiè) (literary)
- 加急 (jiājí) (attributive, of a telegram, test, etc.)
- 卒暴 (cùbào) (literary)
- 危迫 (wēipò) (literary)
- 吃緊/吃紧 (chījǐn)
- 孔亟 (kǒngjí)
- 孔急 (kǒngjí)
- 急 (jí)
- 急促 (jícù)
- 急切 (jíqiè)
- 急急 (jíjí) (literary)
- 急要 (jíyào) (literary)
- 急迫 (jípò)
- 打緊/打紧 (dǎjǐn)
- 火急 (huǒjí)
- 窘促 (jiǒngcù)
- 緊促/紧促 (jǐncù)
- 緊急/紧急 (jǐnjí)
- 緊要/紧要 (jǐnyào)
- 緊迫/紧迫 (jǐnpò)
- 緊逼逼/紧逼逼 (Hokkien)
- 要緊/要紧 (yàojǐn)
- 迫切 (pòqiè)
- 遑急 (huángjí) (literary)
- 險急/险急 (xiǎnjí)
Antonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- 創傷後心理壓力緊張症候群/创伤后心理压力紧张症候群 (chuāngshānghòu xīnlǐ yālì jǐnzhāng zhènghòuqún)
- 緊張性/紧张性 (jǐnzhāngxìng)
Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
緊 | 張 |
きん Grade: S |
ちょう Grade: 5 |
on'yomi |
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]- physical tension, strain
- mental strain, nervousness
- tension in a relationship
- the contracted state of a muscle
Derived terms
[edit]- 緊張緩和 (kinchō kanwa, “détente”)
Verb
[edit]緊張する • (kinchō suru) intransitive suru (stem 緊張し (kinchō shi), past 緊張した (kinchō shita))
- be physically tense
- be mentally tense, be nervous
- for a relationship to suffer tension
- for a muscle to contract
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of "緊張する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 緊張し | きんちょうし | kinchō shi | |
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 緊張し | きんちょうし | kinchō shi | |
Shūshikei ("terminal") | 緊張する | きんちょうする | kinchō suru | |
Rentaikei ("attributive") | 緊張する | きんちょうする | kinchō suru | |
Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 緊張すれ | きんちょうすれ | kinchō sure | |
Meireikei ("imperative") | 緊張せよ¹ 緊張しろ² |
きんちょうせよ¹ きんちょうしろ² |
kinchō seyo¹ kinchō shiro² | |
Key constructions | ||||
Passive | 緊張される | きんちょうされる | kinchō sareru | |
Causative | 緊張させる 緊張さす |
きんちょうさせる きんちょうさす |
kinchō saseru kinchō sasu | |
Potential | 緊張できる | きんちょうできる | kinchō dekiru | |
Volitional | 緊張しよう | きんちょうしよう | kinchō shiyō | |
Negative | 緊張しない | きんちょうしない | kinchō shinai | |
Negative continuative | 緊張せず | きんちょうせず | kinchō sezu | |
Formal | 緊張します | きんちょうします | kinchō shimasu | |
Perfective | 緊張した | きんちょうした | kinchō shita | |
Conjunctive | 緊張して | きんちょうして | kinchō shite | |
Hypothetical conditional | 緊張すれば | きんちょうすれば | kinchō sureba | |
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative |
References
[edit]- 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
Korean
[edit]Hanja in this term | |
---|---|
緊 | 張 |
Noun
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
---|---|
緊 | 張 |
Adjective
[edit]緊張
- chữ Hán form of khẩn trương (“urgent”).
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