造反
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Chinese
[edit]to make; to build; to invent to make; to build; to invent; to manufacture |
wrong side out or up; anti- | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (造反) | 造 | 反 | |
| simp. #(造反) | 造 | 反 | |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zou6 faan2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chho-fán
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6zau-fe
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄠˋ ㄈㄢˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zàofǎn
- Wade–Giles: tsao4-fan3
- Yale: dzàu-fǎn
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzawfaan
- Palladius: цзаофань (czaofanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɑʊ̯⁵¹ fän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: зофан (zofan, III-II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɔ⁴⁴ fæ̃⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: zou6 faan2
- Yale: jouh fáan
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzou6 faan2
- Guangdong Romanization: zou6 fan2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sou̯²² faːn³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chho-fán
- Hakka Romanization System: co fanˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: co4 fan3
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰo⁵⁵ fan³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Southern Min
- Wu
Verb
[edit]造⫽反 (verb-object)
- to rebel; to rise up in rebellion; to revolt
- 在無產階級文化大革命中，為一小撮執行資產階級反動路綫的人所把持的《西藏日報》不但沒有貫徹您的指示，相反抵制您的指示，忠實地為資產階級反動路綫服務，所以我們造了區黨委一小撮堅持資產階級反動路綫者的反。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1967 January 11, 《向毛主席致敬电》, in 《西藏日报》, issue 3403, page 1
- Zài Wúchǎn Jiējí Wénhuà Dà Gémìng zhōng, wéi yīxiǎocuō zhíxíng zīchǎn jiējí fǎndòng lùxiàn de rén suǒ bǎchí de “XīZàng Rìbào” bùdàn méiyǒu guànchè nín de zhǐshì, xiàngfǎn dǐzhì nín de zhǐshì, zhōngshí dì wèi zīchǎn jiējí fǎndòng lùxiàn fúwù, suǒyǐ wǒmen zào le qūdǎngwěi yīxiǎocuō jiānchí zīchǎn jiējí fǎndòng lùxiàn zhě de fǎn. [Pinyin]
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
在无产阶级文化大革命中，为一小撮执行资产阶级反动路线的人所把持的《西藏日报》不但没有贯彻您的指示，相反抵制您的指示，忠实地为资产阶级反动路线服务，所以我们造了区党委一小撮坚持资产阶级反动路线者的反。 [MSC, simp.]
- to muck about; to run wild; to horse around
Synonyms
[edit]- (to rebel):
- 亂逆／乱逆 (luànnì) (literary)
- 兵變／兵变 (bīngbiàn) (to mutiny)
- 動亂／动乱 (dòngluàn)
- 反亂／反乱 (fǎnluàn)
- 反叛 (fǎnpàn)
- 反天 (fǎntiān) (literary)
- 反抗 (fǎnkàng)
- 反水 (fǎnshuǐ) (dialectal)
- 叛亂／叛乱 (pànluàn)
- 叛變／叛变 (pànbiàn)
- 嘩變／哗变 (huábiàn) (to mutiny)
- 悖亂／悖乱 (bèiluàn) (literary)
- 暴亂／暴乱 (bàoluàn)
- 暴動／暴动 (bàodòng)
- 暴獄／暴狱 (bàoyù) (of prisoners)
- 發難／发难 (fānàn)
- 舉事／举事 (jǔshì) (literary, euphemism)
- 舉義／举义 (jǔyì) (literary)
- 起事 (qǐshì)
- 起兵 (qǐbīng)
- 起手 (qǐshǒu)
- 起義／起义 (qǐyì)
- 逆亂／逆乱 (nìluàn) (literary)
- 首義／首义 (shǒuyì) (literary, to be the first to stage an uprising)
- (to muck about):
- 亂它／乱它 (lonn5 do2) (Xiang)
- 亂彈琴／乱弹琴 (luàn tánqín) (figurative)
- 亂鬧／乱闹 (luànnào)
- 作孽 (Hokkien)
- 使壞／使坏 (shǐhuài)
- 做孽 (Quanzhou Hokkien)
- 做手腳／做手脚 (zuò shǒujiǎo)
- 卵彈琴／卵弹琴 (lonn3 dan2 qin2) (Xiang)
- 惹事 (rěshì)
- 搗亂／捣乱 (dǎoluàn)
- 搶事／抢事 (Hokkien)
- 搞事 (gǎoshì)
- 搗蛋／捣蛋 (dǎodàn)
- 搗鬼／捣鬼 (dǎoguǐ)
- 搞鬼 (gǎoguǐ)
- 撩事 (liàu-dī) (Northern Min)
- 滋事 (zīshì)
- 滋擾／滋扰 (zīrǎo)
- 玩鬧／玩闹 (wánnào)
- 生事 (shēngshì)
- 生氣／生气 (siⁿ-khùi) (Xiamen Hokkien)
- 生空 (Hokkien)
- 生空生榫 (Hokkien)
- 生空生縫／生空生缝 (Hokkien)
- 耍手腕 (shuǎ shǒuwàn)
- 胡來／胡来 (húlái)
- 胡攪／胡搅 (hújiǎo)
- 胡鬧／胡闹 (húnào)
- 舞射 (Hakka)
- 變精／变精 (Jinjiang Hokkien)
- 變鬼／变鬼 (Hokkien)
- 變魍／变魍 (Hokkien)
- 起事 (Hokkien)
- 起空 (Hokkien)
- 起鬨／起哄 (qǐhòng)
- 鬧事／闹事 (nàoshì)
Derived terms
[edit]Adjective
[edit]造反
Synonyms
[edit]- 一系列 (yīxìliè)
- 不少 (bùshǎo)
- 不老少 (bùlǎoshǎo) (colloquial)
- 儦儦 (biāobiāo) (literary)
- 千千 (qiānqiān) (literary)
- 千百 (qiānbǎi) (literary)
- 好些 (hǎoxiē)
- 好多 (hǎoduō)
- 孔多 (kǒngduō) (literary)
- 幾多／几多 (gei2 do1) (Cantonese)
- 廣／广 (literary, or in compounds)
- 廣大／广大 (guǎngdà) (of people)
- 延延 (yányán) (literary)
- 很多 (hěnduō)
- 𣍐少／𫧃少 (Hokkien)
- 浩瀚 (hàohàn)
- 浩繁 (hàofán)
- 百
- 眾多／众多 (zhòngduō)
- 繁多 (fánduō)
- 萌生 (méngshēng) (literary)
- 許多／许多 (xǔduō)
- 諸多／诸多 (zhūduō)
- 颮颮／飑飑 (literary)
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 許多, 甚多 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 老些, 老些個 |
| Taiwan | 很多, 好多, 滿多, 許多 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 好多 |
| Hong Kong | 好多 | |
| Taishan | 好多 | |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 當多, 已多 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 蓋多 | |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 當多, 盡多, 已多 | |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 當多, 已多 | |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 當多, 盡多, 已多 | |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 真多, 足多 | |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 野濟 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 真濟, 野濟, 誠濟, 有夠濟 |
| Quanzhou | 真濟, 野濟, 誠濟, 有夠濟 | |
| Zhangzhou | 盡濟, 蓋濟, 足濟, 有夠濟 | |
| Taipei | 真濟, 誠濟 | |
| New Taipei (Sanxia) | 真濟, 誠濟 | |
| Kaohsiung | 有夠濟, 足濟, 真濟, 誠濟, 蓋濟 | |
| Yilan | 有夠濟, 足濟, 誠濟, 盡濟 | |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 真濟, 誠濟 | |
| Taichung | 誠濟, 蓋濟, 足濟 | |
| Tainan | 有夠濟, 足濟, 真濟, 誠濟, 蓋濟 | |
| Hsinchu | 真濟, 誠濟 | |
| Kinmen | 足濟, 誠濟 | |
| Penghu (Magong) | 真濟, 誠濟 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 誠濟 | |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 野濟, 真濟 | |
| Puning | 好濟 | |
| Wu | Shanghai | 老多, 交關, 交關多, 造反, 行情, 介許多 |
| Hangzhou | 造反 | |
References
[edit]- “Entry #138679”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
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