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"As I hate to be idle I have some thoughts of employing my few leisure hours in a free translation & alteration of a German Novel, with additional portraits of some characters within the sphere of my own observations- & if I follow it up, as I now think I shall, I shall have it ready by next spring, & will send it you for perusal, & for publication if you think it will take."<ref>Letter from Aufrère, Ipswich August 5, 1799, to Messrs. Cadell & Davies, Strand, London, [NRO: MC 486/1, 747X7 ]</ref>
"As I hate to be idle I have some thoughts of employing my few leisure hours in a free translation & alteration of a German Novel, with additional portraits of some characters within the sphere of my own observations- & if I follow it up, as I now think I shall, I shall have it ready by next spring, & will send it you for perusal, & for publication if you think it will take."<ref>Letter from Aufrère, Ipswich August 5, 1799, to Messrs. Cadell & Davies, Strand, London, [NRO: MC 486/1, 747X7 ]</ref>
It appears that the novel was never published or finished.
It appears that the novel was never published or finished.
According to the ''Genealogical Notes'', compiled by George Lockhart Rives, but based on Aufrère's own MS, it says “He and his family went to France in 1802 and were among the English prisoners seized by Napoleon at the rupture of the [[Treaty of Amiens]] in May, 1803. They were in consequence forced to spend eleven years in France chiefly at Verdun and Avignon.”<ref>“Of the Aufrère Family” in Genealogical Notes. Collected by George Lockhart Rives. (New York, 1914) pp.50-61. As GLR writes “This account of the Aufrère Family, and the account of the Lockhart Family below, were written by my great-grandfather, Anthony Aufrère, in 1830; and they are here reproduced from his MS, in my possession, without verification and without material alteration….”</ref> [[John Henry Lawrence]] (1773-1840), a fellow dètenu who knew them both at Verdun and also moved to Orleans in July 1808 reported “Mr. and Mrs. Aufrère left Verdun in September, 1805, for Orleans, but generally resided in the neighbourhood, at the little town of Beaugency till July, 1808, when they received permission to remove at their option to Moulins, Lions, or Avignon.”<ref>A picture of Verdun, or the English detained in France; their arrestation, detention at Fontainbleau and Valenciennes, confinement at Verdun, incarceration at Bitsche, amusements, sufferings, indulgences granted to some, acts of extortion and cruelty practised on others, characters of General and Madame Wirion, list of those who have been permitted to leave or who have escaped out of France, occasional poetry, and anecdotes of the principal detenus. From the Portfolio of a Detenu. In two volumes. (London) Vol. 2, 1810, p.125.</ref> Lawrence gave a charming description of Mrs Aufrère confronting the commandant's wife, Madame la Generale Wirion at Verdun<ref>“Mrs. Aufrere (daughter to Count Lockhart, a general in Maria Theresa's service) appeared one evening at a party with a handkerchief twisted round her head like a turban. Madame Wirion invited her to come and take coffee with her the next morning. Mrs. Aufrere made some excuse.—" Well then, if you breakfast upon tea, I will give you tea." Mrs. Aufrere made a second excuse. "Well then," said Madame Wirion, losing all patience, " if you like neither coffee nor tea, I will tell you the plain truth. The manner in which your handkerchief is put on pleases me, and I am invited out to dinner to-morrow, 'so I wish you would come and put on my handkerchief in the same manner." Most of our fair countrywomen were by this time so humbled, that they would have complied; but the Caledonian blood of the Countess of the holy Roman empire boiled at the idea of becoming the tire-woman to the Citoienne Generale. She knew what she owed to the dignity of a gentlewoman, and had the spirit to refuse.”vol. I, 1810, p.160-161.</ref>. While at Avignon Aufrère was involved with the distribution of 'charitable succours', as aid was then called, for two neighbouring depots of British prisoners of war.
According to the ''Genealogical Notes'', compiled by George Lockhart Rives, but based on Aufrère's own MS, it says “He and his family went to France in 1802 and were among the English prisoners seized by Napoleon at the rupture of the [[Treaty of Amiens]] in May, 1803. They were in consequence forced to spend eleven years in France chiefly at Verdun and Avignon.”<ref>“Of the Aufrère Family” in Genealogical Notes. Collected by George Lockhart Rives. (New York, 1914) pp.50-61. As GLR writes “This account of the Aufrère Family, and the account of the Lockhart Family below, were written by my great-grandfather, Anthony Aufrère, in 1830; and they are here reproduced from his MS, in my possession, without verification and without material alteration….”</ref> [[John Henry Lawrence]] (1773-1840), a fellow dètenu who knew them both at Verdun and also moved to Orleans in July 1808 reported “Mr. and Mrs. Aufrère left Verdun in September, 1805, for Orleans, but generally resided in the neighbourhood, at the little town of Beaugency till July, 1808, when they received permission to remove at their option to Moulins, Lions, or Avignon.”<ref>A picture of Verdun, or the English detained in France; their arrestation, detention at Fontainbleau and Valenciennes, confinement at Verdun, incarceration at Bitsche, amusements, sufferings, indulgences granted to some, acts of extortion and cruelty practised on others, characters of General and Madame Wirion, list of those who have been permitted to leave or who have escaped out of France, occasional poetry, and anecdotes of the principal detenus. From the Portfolio of a Detenu. In two volumes. (London) Vol. 2, 1810, p.125.</ref> Lawrence gave a charming description of Mrs Aufrère confronting the commandant's wife, Madame la Generale Wirion at Verdun<ref>“Mrs. Aufrere (daughter to Count Lockhart, a general in Maria Theresa's service) appeared one evening at a party with a handkerchief twisted round her head like a turban. Madame Wirion invited her to come and take coffee with her the next morning. Mrs. Aufrere made some excuse.—" Well then, if you breakfast upon tea, I will give you tea." Mrs. Aufrere made a second excuse. "Well then," said Madame Wirion, losing all patience, " if you like neither coffee nor tea, I will tell you the plain truth. The manner in which your handkerchief is put on pleases me, and I am invited out to dinner to-morrow, 'so I wish you would come and put on my handkerchief in the same manner." Most of our fair countrywomen were by this time so humbled, that they would have complied; but the Caledonian blood of the Countess of the holy Roman empire boiled at the idea of becoming the tire-woman to the Citoienne Generale. She knew what she owed to the dignity of a gentlewoman, and had the spirit to refuse.”vol. I, 1810, p.160-161. Lawrence later sent Goethe his MS., of the play ''The Englishman at Verdun; or the Prisoner of Peace. A drama in 5 acts'' (1813). He asked Goethe to consider it for a performance at the theatre in Weimar, and in a long letter from 13th April 1816 suggested to him numerous deletions and possible alterations to it (See Letter from Lawrence to Goethe, 13th April, 1816, in D.F.S. Scott, ''Some English correspondents of Goethe''(London, 1949)pp.25-28. Goethe wrote to Lawrence on the same day as he returned the MS., regretting that he did not feel able to produce the play in Weimar, because the happenings were still too fresh in the public mind.”(Scott, Ibid.,p.30).</ref>. While at Avignon Aufrère was involved with the distribution of 'charitable succours', as aid was then called, for two neighbouring depots of British prisoners of war.


In the year of his release from imprisonment, his father died (11 September 1814) and, as eldest son, he inherited Hoveton Hall and the considerable estates. According to Riviere it was Aufrère who got [[Humphry Repton]] (1752-1818), the architect and landscape gardener “to make some drawings for a new house there.”<ref>Riviere, op. cit. p.353.</ref> “new” Hoveton Hall was built between 1809-1812. In 1817 he mortgaged 241 acres in Hoveton, St. John to Robert Baker, in 1828 Aufrère sold the Hoveton estate to Christabell Burroughes as well as land allotted under the Hoveton Inclosure Bill after Aufrère's own petition to parliament, where he is named: "Anthony Aufrere, Esquire, Lord of the Manor of Smallburgh,",<ref>See the Journals of the House of Commons, vol. 70, 6 March 1815, p.140,</ref> and when he was in England resided at Old Foulsham Hall, Norfolk.<ref name="Burke">{{cite book|author=Bernard Burke|title=A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=wmNmAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA34|year=1858|publisher=Harrison|page=34}}</ref> In his last years he was often to be found at the Italian spa resort, Bagni di Lucca, Tuscany, he even wrote a small article for the Gentleman's Magazine there.<ref>“Notices of a Portrait of Mr. Norris.” See Anth. Aufrere, Lucca Baths, Italy to Mr. Urban, Gentleman’s Magazine, 1826, vol. 96, Pt. 2, Nov. pp.399-400.</ref> and there are letters full of antiquarian interest from Aufrère to Gunn at Milan (October 14, 1830) and again at Pisa (November 5, 1830)<ref>Cited in Riviere (1965) op.cit.,</ref> He died at [[Pisa]] on 29 November 1833, a day before his seventy-sixth year.<ref name="DNB"/> He is buried at the Sepolture al vecchio Cimitero Inglese di Livorno (Via Verdi), the Old British cemetery of Leghorn, where the Scottish writer [[Tobias Smollet]] is also buried. In his last will & testament, in a last codicil written at Pisa 22 January 1833, Aufrère wrote “I desire to be interred in the English burial ground at Leghorn as near as possible to the Lockhart monuments..." He also stipulated his inscription on a plain monumental stone:
In the year of his release from imprisonment, his father died (11 September 1814) and, as eldest son, he inherited Hoveton Hall and the considerable estates. According to Riviere it was Aufrère who got [[Humphry Repton]] (1752-1818), the architect and landscape gardener “to make some drawings for a new house there.”<ref>Riviere, op. cit. p.353.</ref> “new” Hoveton Hall was built between 1809-1812. In 1817 he mortgaged 241 acres in Hoveton, St. John to Robert Baker, in 1828 Aufrère sold the Hoveton estate to Christabell Burroughes as well as land allotted under the Hoveton Inclosure Bill after Aufrère's own petition to parliament, where he is named: "Anthony Aufrere, Esquire, Lord of the Manor of Smallburgh,",<ref>See the Journals of the House of Commons, vol. 70, 6 March 1815, p.140,</ref> and when he was in England resided at Old Foulsham Hall, Norfolk.<ref name="Burke">{{cite book|author=Bernard Burke|title=A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=wmNmAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA34|year=1858|publisher=Harrison|page=34}}</ref> In his last years he was often to be found at the Italian spa resort, Bagni di Lucca, Tuscany, he even wrote a small article for the Gentleman's Magazine there.<ref>“Notices of a Portrait of Mr. Norris.” See Anth. Aufrere, Lucca Baths, Italy to Mr. Urban, Gentleman’s Magazine, 1826, vol. 96, Pt. 2, Nov. pp.399-400.</ref> and there are letters full of antiquarian interest from Aufrère to Gunn at Milan (October 14, 1830) and again at Pisa (November 5, 1830)<ref>Cited in Riviere (1965) op.cit.,</ref> He died at [[Pisa]] on 29 November 1833, a day before his seventy-sixth year.<ref name="DNB"/> He is buried at the Sepolture al vecchio Cimitero Inglese di Livorno (Via Verdi), the Old British cemetery of Leghorn, where the Scottish writer [[Tobias Smollet]] is also buried. In his last will & testament, in a last codicil written at Pisa 22 January 1833, Aufrère wrote “I desire to be interred in the English burial ground at Leghorn as near as possible to the Lockhart monuments..." He also stipulated his inscription on a plain monumental stone:

Revision as of 18:58, 9 July 2014

Anthony Aufrère (1757–1833) was an English antiquary and translator

Life

Anthony Aufrère Sr. (1730-1814) (Gervase Spencer, 1756)

He was the eldest son of Anthony Aufrère, of Hoveton Hall, Norfolk, a landowner and magistrate who died in 1814.[1] He was the father of fifteen children- seven sons and eight daughters[2]. His mother was Anna (1728-1816), only daughter of John Norris, of Witton, in the same county, and sister to John Norris, founder of the Norrisian professorship at Cambridge.[3] The Aufrère family of noble French lineage, were proud protestant Huguenots who had left France on the revocation of the Edict of Nantes in 1685. As the eldest child, his parents had in mind a legal career for their son, and he was admitted to Gray’s Inn in 1773 as a fifteen year old.[4] Not much is known about his early life but he appears to have got into serious financial difficulties and his friend, the Rev. William Gunn (1750-1841), rector of Sloley, Norfolk, helped him out in 1781 with his debts. Aufrère was called to the Bar in February 1782.[5] Three years later a friend of Gunn's wrote to him in 1785 “Anthony has given up the law and is now at Boulogne”.[6] In what appears to have been an attempt to flee his creditors, he went abroad. He met up with his friend Gunn in Pisa, Italy, who was on a Grand Tour, and they both continued to Florence. According to Riviere, Gunn's biographer, Aufrère later settled in Florence in 1785, Riviere also published Aufrère’s “Queries sent me by Mr. Gunn; with my answers (1786)”, some 25 questions and answers on different Italian topics, ranging from the origin of the sham battle the Gioco del Ponte in Pisa to the Linnean name of the fish (Argentina Sphyrana) used in making false pearls at Rome.[7] In 1786 Aufrère travelled to Naples, and he said that he visited Rome for the first time Winter 1786 as he recalled seeing Charlotte Stuart, Duchess of Albany there.[8] In 1787 it was reported that he was back in Florence and in the same year in Geneva where he studied with the celebrated language teacher, Monsieur de Rodon.[9] Soon after he visited Germany, he settled down in Stuttgart and befriended Karl Friedrich Emich Freiherr von Uxküll[10]=Gyllenband (1755-1832), gentleman of the chamber to the Duke of Wirtemberg. He was a renowned art connoisseur and a generous patron. We know that it was the Baron who originally showed Aufrère, Herder’s essay on the great German humanist, knight, poet and pamphleteer, Ulrich von Hutten(1488-1523) that had been published in 1776 in Christoph Martin Wieland’s journal ''Der Teutsche Merkur'' and that he suggested to him to translate it, as this is all mentioned in the translator's preface dated (Stuttgardt 10 June 1788).

title page of Aufrere's 1789 translation

We presume that it was also the Baron that had assured him that this anonymously printed essay was from the pen of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, although this false attribution was widely shared in Germany, and the error was still being made by German professors of literature in the 1840s.[11] Aufrère is thus one of the earliest English translators of one of Herder's Sturm und Drang writings, albeit as a suppositious work.[12] Aufrère returned to England early 1791, where in London at St. George’s church, Hanover-Square, Bloomsbury, on 19 February he married Marianne Matilda(10. 10.1774 -14. 9. 1850), only surviving daughter of General James Lockhart, of Lee and Carnwath in co. Lanarkshire, who had been a general in the service of Empress Maria Theresa. Lockhart had died in Pisa at the age of 64 in 1790.[13] Aufrère and Marianne had almost certainly met in Pisa in 1785 as his friend William Gunn had already been introduced to father and daughter and it was expected of him to spend the evenings at the houses of the three English families there. After the marriage the Aufrère family chose to live abroad in Heidelberg, Germany, and in the following year their daughter Matilda (17. November 1792) was also born there. There is a letter to Gunn from Heidelberg dated 1st of May 1793 but it is claimed that they had later moved to Mannheim, as his friend William Gunn and his family- returning from his second Grand Tour- met up with him there on the 26th September, where they hired a barge and went sailing down the Rhine. In 1794 a son George Anthony (18. June 1794) was born.[14] Following the publication of his Travels(1795) and the anti-revolutionary pamphlet A Warning to Briton's(1798),[15] Aufrère wrote to his publishers Cadell & Davies in 1799: "As I hate to be idle I have some thoughts of employing my few leisure hours in a free translation & alteration of a German Novel, with additional portraits of some characters within the sphere of my own observations- & if I follow it up, as I now think I shall, I shall have it ready by next spring, & will send it you for perusal, & for publication if you think it will take."[16] It appears that the novel was never published or finished. According to the Genealogical Notes, compiled by George Lockhart Rives, but based on Aufrère's own MS, it says “He and his family went to France in 1802 and were among the English prisoners seized by Napoleon at the rupture of the Treaty of Amiens in May, 1803. They were in consequence forced to spend eleven years in France chiefly at Verdun and Avignon.”[17] John Henry Lawrence (1773-1840), a fellow dètenu who knew them both at Verdun and also moved to Orleans in July 1808 reported “Mr. and Mrs. Aufrère left Verdun in September, 1805, for Orleans, but generally resided in the neighbourhood, at the little town of Beaugency till July, 1808, when they received permission to remove at their option to Moulins, Lions, or Avignon.”[18] Lawrence gave a charming description of Mrs Aufrère confronting the commandant's wife, Madame la Generale Wirion at Verdun[19]. While at Avignon Aufrère was involved with the distribution of 'charitable succours', as aid was then called, for two neighbouring depots of British prisoners of war.

In the year of his release from imprisonment, his father died (11 September 1814) and, as eldest son, he inherited Hoveton Hall and the considerable estates. According to Riviere it was Aufrère who got Humphry Repton (1752-1818), the architect and landscape gardener “to make some drawings for a new house there.”[20] “new” Hoveton Hall was built between 1809-1812. In 1817 he mortgaged 241 acres in Hoveton, St. John to Robert Baker, in 1828 Aufrère sold the Hoveton estate to Christabell Burroughes as well as land allotted under the Hoveton Inclosure Bill after Aufrère's own petition to parliament, where he is named: "Anthony Aufrere, Esquire, Lord of the Manor of Smallburgh,",[21] and when he was in England resided at Old Foulsham Hall, Norfolk.[22] In his last years he was often to be found at the Italian spa resort, Bagni di Lucca, Tuscany, he even wrote a small article for the Gentleman's Magazine there.[23] and there are letters full of antiquarian interest from Aufrère to Gunn at Milan (October 14, 1830) and again at Pisa (November 5, 1830)[24] He died at Pisa on 29 November 1833, a day before his seventy-sixth year.[3] He is buried at the Sepolture al vecchio Cimitero Inglese di Livorno (Via Verdi), the Old British cemetery of Leghorn, where the Scottish writer Tobias Smollet is also buried. In his last will & testament, in a last codicil written at Pisa 22 January 1833, Aufrère wrote “I desire to be interred in the English burial ground at Leghorn as near as possible to the Lockhart monuments..." He also stipulated his inscription on a plain monumental stone: “Anthony Aufrère Esquire of Foulsham Old Hall in the county of Norfolk upwards of 48 years in the Commission of the Peace for that county.”[25]

Works

“Mr. Aufrère was an excellent modern scholar, and a master of the Italian and French as well as German languages."[26] As a translator, Aufrère published:[3]

  • A Tribute to the Memory of Ulric of Hutten,contemporary with Erasmus and Luther;One of the most zealous Antagonists, as well of the Papal Power as of all Despotic Government, and one of the most elegant Latin Authors of his Time ; Translated from the German of Goethe, The celebrated author of the Sorrows of Werther : By Anthony Aufrère, Esq. Illustrated with remarks by the translator. With an appendix containing extracts from some of Hutten's performances, a list of his works, and other explanatory and interesting papers. London. Printed For J. Dodsley, Pall-Mall. (1789), in fact an English translation of the 1776 written essay by Johann Gottfried Herder.
  • Travels through Various Provinces of the Kingdom of Naples, in 1789 (1795), from the German of Carl Ulisses von Salis-Marschlins
  • A Warning to Britons against French Perfidy and Cruelty: Or, A short Account of the treacherous and inhuman Conduct of the French Officers and Soldiers towards the Peasants of Suabia, During the Invasion of Germany in 1796. Selected and translated from a well-authenticated German publication,... with an address to the people of Great Britain, by the translator, (1798) There was also 'An Abridgment of A Warning to Britons...' published the same year with pp. 24 instead of the original pp. 72.
  • The Cannibals' progress; or The dreadful horrors of French invasion, as displayed by the Republican officers and soldiers, in their perfidy, rapacity, ferociousness and brutality, exercised towards the innocent inhabitants of Germany. Translated from the German. By Anthony Aufrer(sic), Esq. (Portsmouth: New-Hampshire, 1798) The popular American edition also had an "Introductory address. To the people of America." written by William Cobbett
  • The Lockhart Papers; containing Memoirs and Commentaries upon the Affairs of Scotland, from 1702 to 1715, his Secret Correspondence with the- Son of James the Second, from 1718 to 1728, and his other Political Writings ; also Journals and Memoirs of the Young Pretender's Expedition in 1745, by Highland Officers in his Army; published from original Manuscripts in the possession of Ant. Aufrère, Esq. of Hoveton, in Norfolk, 2 vols. 4to. (London, 1817.) Aufrere said that he was given the task by his brother-in-law, Charles Count Lockhart, of editing the Lockhart Letters for the purpose of publication "about three years before his death, which took place in August 1802" This would suggest 1799. The translation did not take place then for the following reasons:“but my avocations during that period, my journey to and detention of eleven years in France, and application to family arrangements upon my return to England in 1814, combined to delay their preparation for the press.”[27] It was eventually published in 1817 in two volumes. They contain much curious correspondence between the Lockharts and covert Jacobites, previous to and during the 1715 rebellion and 1745 rebellion. The delay in publication was deliberate, to avoid incriminating living persons.[28]
  • Narrative of an Expedition from Tripoli to the Western Frontier of Egypt, in 1817. By the Bey of Tripoli; in letters to Dr. Viviani of Genoa...with an appendix, containing instructions for navigating the Great Syrtis (1822), from the Italian of Paolo della Cella(1792-1854).

He was also a contributor to the Gentleman's Magazine, under the pseudonym of "Viator A."[3]

Family

Aufrère's own MS of his large family before his death in 1833 is extant; of his younger brothers the Rev. George John Aufrère (1769-1853) and the Rev. Philip DuVal Aufrère (1776-1848)were both educated at Norwich and the university of Cambridge and were always destined for the clergy; his other brother, Charles Gastine Aufrère (1770-1799)a first lieutenant, tragically died on board the frigate HMS Lutine, that was wrecked off the Dutch coast carrying a massive shipment of gold bullion. A further brother, Thomas Norris Aufrère (1773-1835) was a wealthy civil servant for the East India Company. Of his sisters, Sophia Aufrère (1763-1845) married William Dawson, Esq., of Holles-street, Cavendish-square. “Beautiful and ambitious, as well as something of a snob….Sophia Dawson was often invited to play cards at Windsor Castle with King George III and Queen Charlotte,but she made it a rule never to play on a Sunday,even when invited by the King. Apparently he took no offence at this, but remarked to her: ‘You are a good little woman, Mrs. Dawson.’[29] Harriet Aufrère (1765-1846)married Sir Robert Baker, barrister-at-law, she died at the age of 80 years. Aufrere provided a list of her 13 children (Geneological Notes, The Aufrere Family, op. cit.,p. 59)

Notes

  1. ^ The miniature here is of his father. A portrait of the son (watercolours on ivory) by the Italian painter Gustavo Lazzarini, was acquired in 1972 by the Preservation Society of Newport County in the United States of America (Ref. RI010048)
  2. ^ Agnew’s Protestant Exiles from France, Chiefly in the Reign of Louis XIV: Or, The Huguenot Refugees and Their Descendants in Great Britain and Ireland(Turnbull & Spears, 1886), vol. 2, p.392.
  3. ^ a b c d Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1885). "Aufrere, Anthony" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 2. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
  4. ^ "Jan 28. [1773] Anthony Aufrere, son of Anthony.A., of Hovetone St. Peter, Norfolk, Esq."The Register of Admissions to Gray's Inn, 1521-1889 (London, 1889), p.387.
  5. ^ “Last week the Honourable Society of Gray’s Inn, called Jeremiah Church, John Matthews Grimwood, and Anthony Aufrere, Esquires, to the Degree of Barristers at Law.” St. James's Chronicle or the British Evening Post (London, England), February 14, 1782 - February 16, 1782; Issue 3268.
  6. ^ Norfolk Register Office: WGN 1/1/78 Jacob Preston to William Gunn, 26 Apr 1785
  7. ^ Michael Riviere, MA., “The Rev. William Gunn B.D., A Norfolk Parson on the Grand Tour”, in: Norfolk Archaeology, or miscellaneous tracts relating to the antiquities of the County of Norfolk, vol. XXXIII, 1965,Part III, pp.351-378, & Part IV, pp.379-406
  8. ^ Viator A to Mr. Urban, Aug. 23, Gentleman’s Magazine, Bd. 67, 1797, Pt. 2, p.1000
  9. ^ We presume that he may have studied German in Geneva. Aufrère also speaks highly of his cousin, Philip DuVal Aufrère (d. London 14.3.1808) who died at the age of 76, as “my kind friend and benefactor”(Genealogical Notes, op cit. p.,56); the son of his father’s sister Marieanne Aufrère. “He was educated at Westminster, Cambridge and Göttingen, took orders, was Subpreceptor to some of the Royal family of England and at the time of his death was Dr of Divinity, Canon of Windsor, and Vicar of Twickenham." His father was Dr Philip DuVal Aufrère, a French refugee physician, who had studied under Herman Boerhaave, and was first Physician to the Dowager Princess of Wales,Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg(1719-1772) mother of King George the Third.
  10. ^ Uexküll, is the old Livonian place-name Üxküll on the Duina; according to the ADB he wrote his name Ixküll; Aufrère writes Baron d'Uxküll
  11. ^ See Wilhelm Kreutz, Die Deutschen und Ulrich von Hutten: Rezeption von Autor und Werk seit dem 16. Jahrhundert (1984), p.67.
  12. ^ Wilhem Kreuz, „Ulrich von Hutten in der Französischen und Angloamerikanischen Literatur. Ein Beitrag zur Rezeptionsgeschichte des deutschen Humanismus und der lutherischen Reformation“, in: Francia. Forschungen zur westeuropäischen Geschichte, Bd. 11 1983-1984(Sigmaringen 1983.-1984) S.633.
  13. ^ His actual tomb is at Dryden, Scotland, and has the following inscription: 'James Lockhart Wishart, of Lee and Carnwath, Lord of the Bedchamber to his Imperial Majesty Joseph the Second, Emperor of Germany, Knight of the Order of Maria Teresa, Count of the Holy Roman Empire, and General of the Imperial, Royal, and Apostolical Armies, died at Pisa, in Italy, VIth February, MDCCXC, in the LXIVth year of his age.' Marianne is also buried there.
  14. ^ The daughter Matilda later married in 1818 George Barclay,Esq., a merchant of New York, and Georg married in 1828 the 2nd daughter, Caroline Whertmann, of a Hamburg merchant, John Michael Whertmann.
  15. ^ which has recently been described as “One of the most widely circulated pieces of atrocity literature from this period”Catriona Kennedy, Narratives of the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars: Military and Civilian Experience in Britain and Ireland (Palgrave Macmillian, 2013), p.162.
  16. ^ Letter from Aufrère, Ipswich August 5, 1799, to Messrs. Cadell & Davies, Strand, London, [NRO: MC 486/1, 747X7 ]
  17. ^ “Of the Aufrère Family” in Genealogical Notes. Collected by George Lockhart Rives. (New York, 1914) pp.50-61. As GLR writes “This account of the Aufrère Family, and the account of the Lockhart Family below, were written by my great-grandfather, Anthony Aufrère, in 1830; and they are here reproduced from his MS, in my possession, without verification and without material alteration….”
  18. ^ A picture of Verdun, or the English detained in France; their arrestation, detention at Fontainbleau and Valenciennes, confinement at Verdun, incarceration at Bitsche, amusements, sufferings, indulgences granted to some, acts of extortion and cruelty practised on others, characters of General and Madame Wirion, list of those who have been permitted to leave or who have escaped out of France, occasional poetry, and anecdotes of the principal detenus. From the Portfolio of a Detenu. In two volumes. (London) Vol. 2, 1810, p.125.
  19. ^ “Mrs. Aufrere (daughter to Count Lockhart, a general in Maria Theresa's service) appeared one evening at a party with a handkerchief twisted round her head like a turban. Madame Wirion invited her to come and take coffee with her the next morning. Mrs. Aufrere made some excuse.—" Well then, if you breakfast upon tea, I will give you tea." Mrs. Aufrere made a second excuse. "Well then," said Madame Wirion, losing all patience, " if you like neither coffee nor tea, I will tell you the plain truth. The manner in which your handkerchief is put on pleases me, and I am invited out to dinner to-morrow, 'so I wish you would come and put on my handkerchief in the same manner." Most of our fair countrywomen were by this time so humbled, that they would have complied; but the Caledonian blood of the Countess of the holy Roman empire boiled at the idea of becoming the tire-woman to the Citoienne Generale. She knew what she owed to the dignity of a gentlewoman, and had the spirit to refuse.”vol. I, 1810, p.160-161. Lawrence later sent Goethe his MS., of the play The Englishman at Verdun; or the Prisoner of Peace. A drama in 5 acts (1813). He asked Goethe to consider it for a performance at the theatre in Weimar, and in a long letter from 13th April 1816 suggested to him numerous deletions and possible alterations to it (See Letter from Lawrence to Goethe, 13th April, 1816, in D.F.S. Scott, Some English correspondents of Goethe(London, 1949)pp.25-28. Goethe wrote to Lawrence on the same day as he returned the MS., regretting that he did not feel able to produce the play in Weimar, because the happenings were still too fresh in the public mind.”(Scott, Ibid.,p.30).
  20. ^ Riviere, op. cit. p.353.
  21. ^ See the Journals of the House of Commons, vol. 70, 6 March 1815, p.140,
  22. ^ Bernard Burke (1858). A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain and Ireland. Harrison. p. 34.
  23. ^ “Notices of a Portrait of Mr. Norris.” See Anth. Aufrere, Lucca Baths, Italy to Mr. Urban, Gentleman’s Magazine, 1826, vol. 96, Pt. 2, Nov. pp.399-400.
  24. ^ Cited in Riviere (1965) op.cit.,
  25. ^ The National Archives, Kew, PROB 11/1850/139 (Will of Anthony Aufrère of Pisa , Italy)
  26. ^ The Annual Biography and Obituary,of 1834. Bd. 19, Pt. 1, p.386.
  27. ^ Lockhart Papers, To the Reader (Orchard Street, London, 31st March, 1817), vol. 1, p.vii.
  28. ^ See Daniel Szechi, ‘Lockhart, George, of Carnwath (1681?–1731)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2011 accessed 26 June 2014
  29. ^ Christina Scott, A Historian and his World: A Life of Christopher Dawson,1889-1970 (1991) p.25.
Attribution

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1885). "Aufrere, Anthony". Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 2. London: Smith, Elder & Co.

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