Acacia parramattensis: Difference between revisions
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''Acacia parramattensis'' has a suckering habit, and can grow from root suckers after bushfires. Above-ground growth is generally killed by fire and regeneration is by seed after severe fires. The seed has a hard coating and remains in the soil after dropping from the seedpods. It colonises disturbed areas, and the suckers can form groves of plants.<ref name=Benson1996/> |
''Acacia parramattensis'' has a suckering habit, and can grow from root suckers after bushfires. Above-ground growth is generally killed by fire and regeneration is by seed after severe fires. The seed has a hard coating and remains in the soil after dropping from the seedpods. It colonises disturbed areas, and the suckers can form groves of plants.<ref name=Benson1996/> |
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The seed is consumed by the [[common bronzewing]] (''Phaps chalcoptera'').<ref name=Benson1996/> The foliage serves as food for the caterpillars of the moonlight jewel (''[[Hypochrysops delicia]]'', imperial hairstreak (''[[Jalmenus evagoras]]''), amethyst hairstreak (''[[Jalmenus icilius]]''), <ref name="Edwards01">{{cite book|last=Edwards, E. D.; Newland, J.; Regan, L. |title=Lepidoptera|publisher=CSIRO Publishing|location=Collingwood, Victoria|date=2001|volume=Volume 31: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea |pages=222, 264-65 |isbn=9780643067004|url=http://books.google.com.au/books?id=iVHDuVVelGMC&pg=PA498&dq=Acacia+parramattensis&hl=en&sa=X&ei=EavJU9-PKJTs8AWkuYHoAQ&ved=0CD0Q6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=Acacia%20parramattensis&f=false}}</ref> |
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The seed is consumed by the [[common bronzewing]] (''Phaps chalcoptera'').<ref name=Benson1996/> |
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==Cultivation== |
==Cultivation== |
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Revision as of 02:21, 19 July 2014
| Parramatta Wattle | |
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| |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| (unranked): | |
| (unranked): | |
| (unranked): | |
| Family: | |
| Genus: | |
| Species: | A. parramattensis
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| Binomial name | |
| Acacia parramattensis | |
| Synonyms | |
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Racosperma parramattense (Tindale) Pedley | |
Acacia parramattensis is the name given to a species in the genus Acacia whose distribution centres on the Blue Mountains area of New South Wales. It generally grows in woodland or dry sclerophyll forest on alluvial or shale-based soils, generally with some clay content. It is a tall shrub or tree to about 15 m (50 ft) in height with finely divided bipinnate leaves and yellow flowers that appear over summer.
Taxonomy
Mary Tindale of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney described Acacia parramattensis in 1962 from material she collected in 1960 from Hazelbrook in the Blue Mountains near Sydney.[1] Its name is derived from the locality of Parramatta, west of Sydney.[2] Queensland botanist Les Pedley reclassified the species as Racosperma parramattense in 2003, in his proposal to reclassify almost all Australian members of the genus into the new genus Racosperma,[3] however this name is treated as a synonym of its original name.[1] Along with other bipinnate wattles, Acacia parramattensis is classified in the section Botrycephalae within the subgenus Phyllodineae in the genus Acacia. An analysis of genomic and chloroplast DNA along with morphological characters found that the section is polyphyletic, though the close relationships of many species were unable to be resolved. Acacia parramattensis appears to be most closely related to A. olsenii.[4]
Common names include Sydney green wattle and Parramatta wattle.[1]
Description
Growing with an upright habit, Acacia parramattensis is a tall shrub or tree ranging from 2 to 15 m in height with smooth bark that can be dark green, dark brown or black.[5] It has finely divided bipinnate leaves. The yellow flowers appear from November to February, occasionally as late as April.[6] It tends to flower later than the similar species Acacia decurrens and A. mearnsii.[7] The yellow flowers are spherical and measure 4-7.5 mm in diameter. they are arranged in panicles or racemes, with 25 to 50 flowers occurring in each flower head.[5]
Distribution and habitat
Acacia parramattensis is found in the Sydney Basin and Blue Mountains in central New South Wales, north to Yengo National Park,[5] west to Grenfell and south to Tumut,[8] from sea level to elevations of 900 m.[6] A component of dry sclerophyll forest or woodland, it is found in association with such trees as forest red gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis), Sydney blue gum (E. saligna), mountain white gum (E. dalrympleana), rough-barked apple (Angophora floribunda), turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera), or in drier locations with gossamer wattle (Acacia floribunda), coast myall (A. binervia), or early green wattle (A. decurrens).[6]
Acacia parramattensis grows on alluvial or shale-based low- to medium-nutrient soil, often with some degree of clay content, or occasionally sandstone-based soils. It is found on lower slopes and along watercourses, as well as ridges. The annual rainfall is over 700 mm.[6]
It has possibly naturalised in Tasmania and other parts of New South Wales.[8]
Ecology
Acacia parramattensis has a suckering habit, and can grow from root suckers after bushfires. Above-ground growth is generally killed by fire and regeneration is by seed after severe fires. The seed has a hard coating and remains in the soil after dropping from the seedpods. It colonises disturbed areas, and the suckers can form groves of plants.[6]
The seed is consumed by the common bronzewing (Phaps chalcoptera).[6] The foliage serves as food for the caterpillars of the moonlight jewel (Hypochrysops delicia, imperial hairstreak (Jalmenus evagoras), amethyst hairstreak (Jalmenus icilius), [9]
Cultivation
Acacia parramattensis is not commonly seen in cultivation though is grown locally in Sydney and the Blue Mountains.[2] Fast growing and adaptable, it grow 6 to 8 m (20 - 25 ft) high over five years.[6] It can provide shade in the garden, though is vulnerable to being infested by borers. It is propagated by seed.[2]
References
- ^ a b c "Acacia parramattensis Tindale". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
- ^ a b c Elliot, Rodger W.; Jones, David L.; Blake, Trevor (1985). Encyclopaedia of Australian Plants Suitable for Cultivation: Vol. 2. Port Melbourne, Victoria: Lothian Press. p. 94. ISBN 0-85091-143-5.
- ^ Pedley, Les (2003). "A synopsis of Racosperma C.Mart. (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)". Austrobaileya. 6 (3): 445–96.
- ^ Brown, Gillian K.; Ariati, Siti R.; Murphy, Daniel J.; Miller, Joseph T. H.; Ladiges, Pauline Y. (1991). "Bipinnate acacias (Acacia subg. Phyllodineae sect. Botrycephalae) of eastern Australia are polyphyletic based on DNA sequence data". Australian Systematic Botany. 19 (4): 315–26. doi:10.1071/SB05039.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b c Harden, Gwen J. (1990). "Acacia parramattensis Tindale". Plantnet - New South Wales Flora Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney. Retrieved 17 July 2014.
- ^ a b c d e f g Benson, Doug; McDougall, Lyn (1996). "Ecology of Sydney Plant Species Part 4: Dicotyledon family Fabaceae" (PDF). Cunninghamia. 4 (4): 552–752 [728-29]. ISSN 0727-9620.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Fairley, Alan; Moore, Philip (2000). Native Plants of the Sydney District:An Identification Guide (2nd ed.). Kenthurst, New South Wales: Kangaroo Press. p. 118. ISBN 0-7318-1031-7.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Kodela, P.G. (2001). "Banksia". In Wilson, Annette; Orchard, Anthony E. (ed.). Flora of Australia. Vol. Volume 11A, 11B, Part 1: Mimosaceae, Acacia. CSIRO Publishing / Australian Biological Resources Study. pp. 237–38. ISBN 978-0-643-06718-9.
{{cite encyclopedia}}:|volume=has extra text (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link) - ^ Edwards, E. D.; Newland, J.; Regan, L. (2001). Lepidoptera. Vol. Volume 31: Hesperioidea, Papilionoidea. Collingwood, Victoria: CSIRO Publishing. pp. 222, 264–65. ISBN 9780643067004.
{{cite book}}:|volume=has extra text (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
