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== Radio, Records, Movies, and Television ==
== Radio, Records, Movies, and Television ==


1944 was a banner year for Russell and his success was totally unexpected for a "kid from East Los Angeles," albeit a very talented, hard-working, and cocky kid. His 4 top-ten hits on the Billboard Hot 100 Chart sold millions of records around the country, and opened the door for tours and appearances on radio programs, motion pictures, and television.
⚫
By 1944, he had become a well enough regarded pop vocalist to be invited to perform on [[radio]] programs, and in the next year had his ''Old Gold Show''. He also signed on with [[Capitol Records]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Gene|last=Lees|title=Portrait of Johnny: The Life of John Herndon Mercer|page=172|publisher=Hal Leonard|year=2006|isbn=978-0-634-09929-8}}</ref>


Russell's success started by choosing the song he would record: the bolero "Bésame Mucho," original melody and lyrics by Mexican composer Consuelo Velázquez.
⚫
His first charted hit was "[[Bésame Mucho]]" (Capitol #149, 1944) which reached #10 on the [[Billboard's Hot 100]] Chart in the [[United States]]. As a matter of fact, [[Consuelo Velázquez]], the Mexican composer of this [[bolero]], praised Russell by stating that the worldwide success of "[[Bésame Mucho]]" effectively began with his recording. <ref>{{cite book|first=Hernán|last=Restrepo Duque|title=Lo que cuentan los boleros|language=Spanish |trans_title=The Meaning Behind the Boleros |page=64|publisher=Centro Editorial de Estudios Musicales, Ltda. (Latinoamerican Musical Center)|year=1992}}</ref> The same year he also had his biggest hit, which became his signature tune "[[Amor (song)|Amor]]" (Capitol #156, 1944) which reached #2 and was taken from the musical film ''[[Broadway Rhythm]]''. The flip side of this record was "The Day After Forever." He had two more hits that year: "[[What a Difference a Day Made]]" (Capitol #167, 1944) which reached #15, paired with "Don't You Notice Anything New?" Also, "[[I Dream of You (More than You Dream I Do)|I Dream of You]]" (Capitol #175, 1944) which reached #5, paired with "Magic is the Moonlight."


When Russell was offered an opportunity to cut a record, he chose "[[Bésame Mucho]]" out of three other songs. American composer Sunny Skylar He sang half of the song in its original Spanish, Mexican composer Consuelo Velázquez had composed the song in 1944, but had only had sporadic airplay. His first charted hit was "[[Bésame Mucho]]" (Capitol #149, 1944) which reached #10 on the [[Billboard's Hot 100]] Chart in the [[United States]]. It sold one-million copies.
⚫
In 1945, he had another big hit with "[[I Can't Begin to Tell You]]" (Capitol #221, 1945) which reached #7, and was from the film ''[[The Dolly Sisters]]''.

As a matter of fact, [[Consuelo Velázquez]], the Mexican composer of this [[bolero]], heaped huge praise on Russell by stating that the worldwide success of "[[Bésame Mucho]]" effectively began with his recording. <ref>{{cite book|first=Hernán|last=Restrepo Duque|title=Lo que cuentan los boleros|language=Spanish |trans_title=The Meaning Behind the Boleros |page=64|publisher=Centro Editorial de Estudios Musicales, Ltda. (Latinoamerican Musical Center)|year=1992}}</ref>

⚫
The same year he also had his biggest hit, which became his signature tune "[[Amor (song)|Amor]]" (Capitol #156, 1944) which reached #2 and was taken from the musical film ''[[Broadway Rhythm]]''. The flip side of this record was "The Day After Forever." He had two more hits that year: "[[What a Difference a Day Made]]" (Capitol #167, 1944) which reached #15, paired with "Don't You Notice Anything New?" Also, "[[I Dream of You (More than You Dream I Do)|I Dream of You]]" (Capitol #175, 1944) which reached #5, paired with "Magic is the Moonlight."

By 1944, he had become a well enough regarded pop vocalist to be invited to perform on [[radio]] programs. From August to October of that year, he was a vocalist on ''The [[Jackie Gleason]] - Les Treymane Show ''<a ref="radio">{{cite book|first=John|last=Dunning|On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio|page=367|publisher=Oxford University Press, Inc.|year=1998|isbn=13978-0-19-507678-3}}.</ref>

and in the next year had his ''Old Gold Show.''

⚫
He also signed on with [[Capitol Records]].<ref>{{cite book|first=Gene|last=Lees|title=Portrait of Johnny: The Life of John Herndon Mercer|page=172|publisher=Hal Leonard|year=2006|isbn=978-0-634-09929-8}}</ref>

⚫
In 1946, he had another big hit with "[[I Can't Begin to Tell You]]" (Capitol #221, 1945) which reached #7, and was from the film ''[[The Dolly Sisters]]''.


The next big hit came later in 1946: a two-sided hit with "[[Laughing on the Outside (Crying on the Inside)|Laughing on the Outside]]" which reached #4, and "[[They Say It's Wonderful]]" which reached #10, (from the [[Broadway theater|Broadway]] show ''[[Annie Get Your Gun (musical)|Annie Get Your Gun]]'') (Capitol #252, 1946). His next hit, "Pretending" (Capitol #271, 1946) which reached #10 was backed with "Who Do You Love?"
The next big hit came later in 1946: a two-sided hit with "[[Laughing on the Outside (Crying on the Inside)|Laughing on the Outside]]" which reached #4, and "[[They Say It's Wonderful]]" which reached #10, (from the [[Broadway theater|Broadway]] show ''[[Annie Get Your Gun (musical)|Annie Get Your Gun]]'') (Capitol #252, 1946). His next hit, "Pretending" (Capitol #271, 1946) which reached #10 was backed with "Who Do You Love?"

Revision as of 20:19, 7 September 2014

Andy Russell
Andy Russell in 1966
Background information
Birth nameAndrés Rábago Pérez
Also known asAndrew [1]
El mago de los sueños
(The Dream Wizard)
Born(1919-09-16)September 16, 1919
Boyle Heights, Los Angeles, California
DiedApril 16, 1992(1992-04-16) (aged 72)
Sun City, Arizona
GenresTraditional pop, Latin music
Occupation(s)Vocalist, Actor, Television Host
Instrument(s)Vocals, Drums
Years active1934–1990
LabelsCapitol, RCA Victor, Orfeon, Belter/Divusca [2]

Andy Russell (born Andrés Rábago Pérez; September 16, 1919 – April 16, 1992) was an American popular vocalist, specializing in traditional pop and Latin music. He sold 8 million records in the 1940s to early 1950s [3] singing in a romantic, baritone voice in his trademark bilingual English and Spanish style.[4] He had chart-busters, such as "Bésame Mucho," “Amor,” “Magic is the Moonlight,” “What a Difference a Day Makes,” “I Can’t Begin to Tell You,” “Laughing on the Outside (Crying on the Inside),” “Without You,” and "The Anniversary Waltz." He also performed on many radio programs, most notably Your Hit Parade, in several movies, and on television. Later, he traveled to Mexico where he performed almost exclusively in Spanish and was the star of movies and television. He also toured extensively throughout Latin America, Cuba, and Spain and was the host of the television variety program "El Show de Andy Russell" in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 1956 to 1965, thus achieving international popularity and tremendous success during this period.[5] Upon returning to the United States, he continued to record music, at which point his 1967 album "It's Such a Pretty World Today" was number one for 9 weeks on Billboard Magazine's Easy Listening Chart.[6] He continued to perform throughout the 1970s and 1980s, and he made occasional appearances on television. Russell received many international accolades and awards throughout his career, the most notable of which was being recognized as a trailblazer who opened the door for later Latino and/or Hispanic performers by pioneering the style of singing bilingually in English and Spanish.[7][8]

Childhood

Russell was born on September 16, 1919 (on Mexican Independence Day) in Boyle Heights, at the time, an ethnically integrated, middle-class neighborhood [9] in the eastern section of Los Angeles. He was the second youngest of ten children (eight boys, two girls) [5] born to Mexican immigrant parents. His father was from Durango and his mother from Chihuahua. His father was employed as an extra by Hollywood studios, where he earned a substantial income, while his mother was a housewife, who tended to the children.[5]

As a child, he loved listening to American popular music and Big Band, such as Benny Goodman, Glenn Miller, and Tommy Dorsey. One of his earliest memories was hiding behind the family radio and pretending to be his favorite singer, Dick Powell.[4] He also idolized crooners Bing Crosby and Frank Sinatra. His enthusiasm was summed up in this article from 1945: "As a kid on Los Angeles' east side, Andy went wild over popular music. He knew all the hit tunes and was the neighborhood authority on the style and record of every name band leader in the country." [10]

In contrast, at home there appeared to be a generational and cultural gap between the American-born Russell and his Mexican-born parents. While he and his brothers and sisters enjoyed listening to American music, his parents liked listening to Mexican music, in particular, mariachi. At the time, Russell did not musically understand the music of Mexico and preferred to listen to Big Band. Also, since his parents never learned practical English, they spoke to him only in Spanish. He would answer them in simple Spanish or only in English. He felt his command of the Spanish language, at the time, was "very bad" and felt ashamed about speaking Spanish, to the point of asking his parents to speak to him in English.[11]

In any event, Russell was determined to follow in the footsteps of his idols. In 1935, as a 15-year-old student in junior high school, he began his career as an up-and-coming teenage idol by singing with a local swing band headed by Don Ramón Cruz, which played primarily in East Los Angeles. He also sang with the Stan Kenton Orchestra, and other groups, until one day he was told that he also would have to play an instrument to stay with the band. In 1992, Russell recalled wistfully how he dealt with this curious dilemma:

They said to me one night and broke my heart, they says, "Andy, we can't afford to have you as just a singer. You've got to play some instrument." I said, "But, gee, I'm a singer." And they said, "Yeah, we're paying you two dollars, two-fifty a night and it's too much. You know, the guys wanna split the rest of the money." So I said, "What can I learn in a hurry so I can join the band?...Drums would be the easiest thing." So I got a bunch of the old records and started to learn to play drums. Down in the cellar I'd learn to play drums and keep good time. This was when I was in junior high and I was learning to play drums. Later on I got a teacher to teach me how to read, and before you knew it, I took drums seriously and I became one of the top drummers on the east side of L.A.--swing drummers. And I was playing drums with all these bands and then I'd sing.

— Source, Loza, Steven. 1993.Barrio Rhythm: Mexican American Music in Los Angeles, University of Illinois Press., p.144

As a result, Russell started to take drum lessons for 50 cents a lesson at Phillips Music Store on Brooklyn Avenue (now Ávenida César Chávez) in Boyle Heights. This neighborhood music store was owned by William Phillips, a Jewish-American Navy veteran, drummer, and musician. [12] In the evenings, Russell would also practice relentlessly in the basement of his house. Later, Russell attended Roosevelt High School in Boyle Heights, where he continued his musical education. He was a member of the ROTC marching band, the jazz band, and the high school symphony orchestra. He played at high school football games, parades, and dances. And under the instruction of Mr. Harry Gruppengetter, the music teacher, he learned to read music.[10] [13] He also enjoyed playing handball and boxing.[14] In 1992, Russell recalled that his high school experience was positive, and that he did not feel discrimination: "In those days, I was just one of the guys. We had Russian people, we had Jewish kids, we had Mexican kids, we had the blacks, we never noticed things like that... I'm a very cocky little Mexican kid from the East Side, and I never had those feelings. I always feel that it's up to the person." (Loza, pp.143-144.) Thus, it comes as no surprise that when, in 1939, Russell discovered that Gus Arnheim, a popular and influential band leader, was looking for a drummer, he left high school the summer before his senior year to try and join his band.

New Singing Style and Name

Gus Arnheim and his orchestra had been playing the Cocoanut Grove in Los Angeles since the late 1920s, and had employed such singers as Bing Crosby, Russ Columbo, and Woody Herman.[8] Russell auditioned for Arnheim and got the job not only as a drummer but as a vocalist, too. However, since he was underage and could not tour out of state, Arnheim adopted him and became his legal guardian. In addition, since he thought it was a good gimmick that made good business sense, Arnheim suggested that Russell sing bilingually in English and Spanish. Russell was hesitant, stating "No, Gus, my Spanish is very bad; I'm embarrassed." (Loza, p. 145) Arnheim finally convinced the youngster by saying "Do something different and people will notice." [7] He agreed.

Now on tour with the band, Russell noticed that when he played solo on the drums or sang bilingually, the couples in the audience would stop dancing and approach the bandstand to get a better look at the singer who was singing in a different language. (Loza, p.145) It was at a show at the Peabody Hotel in Memphis, Tennessee that Arnheim saw that he was getting extremely popular. But in order for him to be more successful, Arnheim realized that it would be necessary for Russell to change his name. In 1990, Russell recalled the conversation that Arnheim had with him after the show:

"Andy, I've got to tell you something. The name Rábago has got to go. [laughs] Rábago's gotta go." I says, "What do you mean?" He says, "I've gotta change your name. Rábago hasn't got that ring to it, you know?" I says, "But that's my name." He says, "Look, we'll keep Andy, all right?" I says, "Okay. So what would you call me then?" He says, "I used to have a singer, a famous singer, a fella that took Bing Crosby's place years ago. His name was Russell Columbo, one of the famous singers of that era. I'm gonna call you Russell--Andy Russell."

— Source, Loza, Steven. 1993.Barrio Rhythm: Mexican American Music in Los Angeles, University of Illinois Press., p.146

After the change in singing style and name, Russell continued to perform as vocalist and drummer with such bands as Johnny Richards, Sonny Dunham, and Alvino Rey. Some of the venues in the Los Angeles area where he played were the old Follies Theater on Main St.,[15] the Santa Monica Pier [16] and Hermosa Beach.

Radio, Records, Movies, and Television

1944 was a banner year for Russell and his success was totally unexpected for a "kid from East Los Angeles," albeit a very talented, hard-working, and cocky kid. His 4 top-ten hits on the Billboard Hot 100 Chart sold millions of records around the country, and opened the door for tours and appearances on radio programs, motion pictures, and television.

Russell's success started by choosing the song he would record: the bolero "Bésame Mucho," original melody and lyrics by Mexican composer Consuelo Velázquez.

When Russell was offered an opportunity to cut a record, he chose "Bésame Mucho" out of three other songs. American composer Sunny Skylar He sang half of the song in its original Spanish, Mexican composer Consuelo Velázquez had composed the song in 1944, but had only had sporadic airplay. His first charted hit was "Bésame Mucho" (Capitol #149, 1944) which reached #10 on the Billboard's Hot 100 Chart in the United States. It sold one-million copies.

As a matter of fact, Consuelo Velázquez, the Mexican composer of this bolero, heaped huge praise on Russell by stating that the worldwide success of "Bésame Mucho" effectively began with his recording. [17]

The same year he also had his biggest hit, which became his signature tune "Amor" (Capitol #156, 1944) which reached #2 and was taken from the musical film Broadway Rhythm. The flip side of this record was "The Day After Forever." He had two more hits that year: "What a Difference a Day Made" (Capitol #167, 1944) which reached #15, paired with "Don't You Notice Anything New?" Also, "I Dream of You" (Capitol #175, 1944) which reached #5, paired with "Magic is the Moonlight."

By 1944, he had become a well enough regarded pop vocalist to be invited to perform on radio programs. From August to October of that year, he was a vocalist on The Jackie Gleason - Les Treymane Show <a ref="radio">Dunning, John (1998). Oxford University Press, Inc. p. 367. ISBN 13978-0-19-507678-3. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: length (help); Missing or empty |title= (help); Text "On the Air: The Encyclopedia of Old-Time Radio" ignored (help).</ref>

and in the next year had his Old Gold Show.

He also signed on with Capitol Records.[18]

In 1946, he had another big hit with "I Can't Begin to Tell You" (Capitol #221, 1945) which reached #7, and was from the film The Dolly Sisters.

The next big hit came later in 1946: a two-sided hit with "Laughing on the Outside" which reached #4, and "They Say It's Wonderful" which reached #10, (from the Broadway show Annie Get Your Gun) (Capitol #252, 1946). His next hit, "Pretending" (Capitol #271, 1946) which reached #10 was backed with "Who Do You Love?"

His final chart-toppers of the 1940s were in 1947: "Anniversary Song" (Capitol #368, 1947) which reached #4, and "I'll Close My Eyes" (Capitol #342, 1947) which reached #15. [19]

During this successful period, Russell was invited to Hollywood to screen-test for motion pictures. In 1946 he appeared in The Stork Club and Breakfast In Hollywood. He was also on the soundtrack of Walt Disney's Make Mine Music, and appeared in the picture Copacabana with Groucho Marx and Carmen Miranda the next year.[20]

In 1946, the people running the pop music radio program Your Hit Parade asked him to take the place of Lawrence Tibbett, an opera singer, who had previously replaced Frank Sinatra [21][22](Sinatra returned in 1947). This led to increased popularity for the singer.

Russell then appeared in the new medium of television in the early 1950s on Your Show of Shows with Sid Caesar on NBC, but continued to record, though less frequently. In 1950-1951, he appeared with his wife on the ABC TV show Andy & Della Russell. [23]

By 1952, Russell's hits had stopped coming, so Capitol Records lost interest in him as a hit-making pop star. Especially, as the Rock 'n Roll age was beginning to dawn, Capitol (like the other major labels) began to look on with negative feeling.

Also, by 1954, Russell's private life had become newspaper fodder as he experienced a public backlash and negative publicity due to his pending divorce from his then wife Della. Many were shocked and angry at this turn of events, as the Russells had been viewed as the "perfect Hollywood couple." [1][24] Pressured by the Roman Catholic Church and Hollywood elite not to proceed with the divorce, Russell began to view a move to México as not only an escape from the stress of his marital conflict but as the potential next chapter in his career.

Mexico and Latin America

Russell realized at this point in time that he was still quite popular in Mexico, so he began to spend time there performing for his fans. He occasionally recorded for RCA Victor Records in the mid-1950s. In the late-1950s, Russell moved to Mexico City, and later to Argentina. In the latter country, he had a successful television variety show that ran for seven years. El Show de IKA was sponsored by the nation's largest automaker, Industrias Kaiser Argentina (IKA).[25] A Jeep was driven on the stage during every performance with dancers as well as a 50-piece orchestra and choir accompanying Russell.[25] It was the most expensive TV show produced in that country and the first to use cameras mounted high above the stage.[25]

Return to the United States

In the mid-1960s, he moved back to the United States for a time and went back to Capitol, making a few LP albums. His 1967 Capitol singles "It's Such a Pretty World Today" and "I'm Still Not Through Missing You" achieved top ten status on Billboard's Easy Listening chart. He also made some LPs for the Argentine market that were well received. However, although he continued to appear and perform in Las Vegas, nightclubs, before nostalgic swing audiences,[26] and on television and radio commercials, by the mid-eighties he was generally forgotten.

Personal life

Russell was married 5 times. His first wife was Evelyn Evenwood. Date of marriage is unknown; however, their divorce was finalized in 1945.[27]

His second wife was Della Russell (née Adelina [1] Naccarelli [28]), a New York nightclub singer, who became his singing partner. They wed in Las Vegas, Nevada in 1945 and divorced in 1954.[29][24]

His third wife was Velia Sánchez Belmont, the daughter of Eduardo Sánchez Torres, former Mexican ambassador to Holland. They wed in Mexico City in 1954 and had a son, Andy Russell, Jr.[30] Divorce date is not known.

His fourth wife was Ginny Pace, a talk-show hostess and former Miss Houston. They married in 1967.[4] Divorce date is not known.

His fifth wife, with whom he was married up to the time of his death in 1992, was Doris Russell.[31] Marriage date is not known.

In addition to his son, Russell also was survived by his five stepchildren, Kay, Richard, Robin, Craig and Reagan.[32]

Death

After suffering a paralyzing stroke in February, 1992 followed by another stroke on April 12, 1992 Russell died from complications at St. Joseph's Hospital in Sun City, Arizona on April 16, 1992 at the age of 72.[15][32] A public memorial service was held at St. Juliana's Catholic Church in Fullerton, California.[33] He was buried in Loma Vista Memorial Park in Fullerton, California.

Awards and Legacy

  • The Pioneer of Argentine Television (Argentina)
  • The Showman of the Americas (Argentina)
  • Barcelonés Honorario (Spain)
  • Mayorquín Honorario (Spain)
  • The Eagle of the Americas (1974) - Award for being the American who has done the most for Mexican music. (México)[34]
  • Nosotros Golden Eagle Award (U.S.A.)

Charted hits

Song Date recorded Date entered

Billboard magazine
best-selling
record chart

Highest position Weeks on chart Catalog number Notes
"Bésame mucho" / "Kiss Me Much" December 17, 1943 April 13, 1944 10 2 Capitol 149 with Al Sack orchestra, composed by Consuelo Velázquez and Sunny Skylar
"Amor" March 10, 1944 May 15, 1944 5 8 Capitol 156 with Al Sack orchestra,
"What a Diff'rence a Day Made" / "Cuando vuelva a tu lado" ? 1944 October, 1944 15 8 Capitol 167 ? Orchestra composed by María Grever and Stanley Adams
"I Dream of You" December 21, 1944 5 3 Capitol 175
"I Can't Begin to Tell You" December 27, 1945 8 2 Capitol 221 ? Orchestra, composed by James V. Monaco and Mack Gordon
"Laughing on the Outside (Crying on the Inside)" February 28, 1946 May 2, 1946 4 7 Capitol 252 with Paul Weston orchestra, composed by Bernie Wayne and Ben Raleigh
"Pretending" May 17, 1946 October 4, 1946 10 1 Capitol 271 with Paul Weston orchestra, composed by Al Sherman and Marty Symes
"Anniversary Song" November 15, 1946 March 14, 1947 5 2 Capitol 368 with Paul Weston orchestra, composed by Ion Ivanovici (as Iosif Ivanovici), Al Jolson & Saul Chaplin
"Underneath the Arches" October 1, 1948 21 5 Capitol 15183

Filmography

Year Title Role Notes
1945 The Stork Club Jimmy "Jim" Jones Film debut, performs drum solo, sings "If I had a Dozen Hearts" (duet with Betty Hutton) and "Love Me."
1946 Breakfast in Hollywood Singer Sings "If I Had a Wishing Ring," "Magic is the Moonlight / "Te Quiero, Dijiste" (Muñequita Linda)," and "Amor"
Andy Russell - If I Had a Wishing Ring 1946
Andy Russell - Magic Is the Moonlight 1946 from Breakfast in Hollywood
Walt Disney's Make Mine Music (Animation) Voice Sings "Without You" / "Tres Palabras"
1947 Copacabana Singer Sings "My Heart Was Doing a Bolero" and "Stranger Things Have Happened."
1953 House Party (Short) Singer
1955 ¡Qué Bravas Son Las Costeñas! Tony López Mexican production
1956 Mi Canción Eres Tú Daniel Pérez Mexican production
¡Viva La Juventud! Pancho Andreú Mexican production
Primavera en el Corazón Andrés Valdés Mexican production
1959 Vístete, Cristina Mexican production
1966 El Mago de los Sueños [36] (The Dream Wizard) (Animation) Voice Spanish production, sings "Soñarás" and "Soy el mago de los sueños"

Discography

  • Favoritos (LP, Capitol, 1943)
  • This is the night (LP, Capitol, 1946)
  • The first Noël (La primera Navidad) (LP, Capitol, 1947)
  • Love notes from Andy Russell (LP, Capitol, 1948)
  • The magic of Andy Russell (LP, RCA Victor, 1958)
  • More Amor! (LP, Capitol, 1967)
  • ...Such a Pretty World Today (LP, Capitol, 1967)
  • Andy Russell (Barcelona Madrid : Belter, D.L. 1967)
  • Andy Russell con las orquestas de Bebu Silvetti y Chico O'Farrill (Madrid : edita y distribuye Gramusic, D.L. 1973)
  • Yesterday, now and forever (LP, Kim Records, 1982)
  • Spotlight on-- Andy Russell (CD, Capitol, 1995)

References

  1. ^ a b c "Singer Asks Divorce From Fellow Singer". Eugene Register Guard. December 6, 1953. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
  2. ^ "Discos Belter". Wikipedia Español. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  3. ^ Loza, Steven (1993). Barrio Rhythm: Mexican American Music in Los Angeles. University of Illinois Press. p. 80. ISBN 0-252-01902-4.
  4. ^ a b c Lamparski, Richard (1985). Whatever became of...?. Crown Publishers, Inc. p. 151. ISBN 0-517-55540-9.
  5. ^ a b c Loza, Steven (1993). Barrio Rhythm: Mexican American Music in Los Angeles. University of Illinois Press. pp. 142–143. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
  6. ^ "Andy Russell Disney's Star". The Evening Independent. 12 October 1972. p. 9B. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  7. ^ a b DeSimone, Rosa (14 January 1990). "Singer Andy Russell once ranked up there with Como, Sinatra". The Prescott Courier. p. 7A. Retrieved 18 June 2014.
  8. ^ a b Laredo, Joseph F. (1995). Liner Notes Spotlight on... Andy Russell CD. U.S.A.: Capitol Records, Inc.
  9. ^ Loza, Steven (1993). Barrio Rhythm: Mexican American Music in Los Angeles. University of Illinois Press. p. 261.
  10. ^ a b "Andy Russell Portrays Career Like His Own in His First Movie Role". The Milwaukee Journal. 25 July 1945. Retrieved 21 June 2014.
  11. ^ Loza, Steven (1993). Barrio Rhythm: Mexican American Music in Los Angeles. University of Illinois Press. pp. 143–144. ISBN 0-252-01902-4.
  12. ^ Macias, Anthony (2008). Mexican-American Mojo: Popular Music, Dance, and Urban Culture in Los Angeles, 1935-1968 (Refiguring American Music). Duke University Press Books. pp. 32–33.
  13. ^ Loza, Steven (1993). Barrio Rhythm: Mexican American Music in Los Angeles. University of Illinois Press. p. 144. Retrieved 21 June 2014.
  14. ^ "Radio's Newest Swoon Crooner". St. Petersburg Times. 22 October 1944. Retrieved 21 June 2014.
  15. ^ a b Oliver, Myrna (20 April 1992). "Andy Russell, 72; Bilingual '40s Singer, Latin Film Star". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 23 June 2014.
  16. ^ Rayno, Don (2012). Paul Whiteman, Pioneer in American Music: Volume 2, 1930-1967 (Studies in Jazz). Scarecrow Press. p. 150. ISBN 978-0810882041.
  17. ^ Restrepo Duque, Hernán (1992). Lo que cuentan los boleros (in Spanish). Centro Editorial de Estudios Musicales, Ltda. (Latinoamerican Musical Center). p. 64. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ Lees, Gene (2006). Portrait of Johnny: The Life of John Herndon Mercer. Hal Leonard. p. 172. ISBN 978-0-634-09929-8.
  19. ^ "Andy Russell Top Songs / Chart Singles Discography". musicvf.com. Retrieved September 5, 2014.
  20. ^ Amor: Memories of Andy Russell (Biography/discography of Andy Russell) on The Interlude Era site
  21. ^ "Riding the Airwaves with Richard K. Bellamy". The Milwaukee Journal. January 17, 1945. Retrieved September 5, 2014.
  22. ^ "Andy Russell Gives Hit Parade New Life". Down Beat Magazine. July 15, 1946. Retrieved September 5, 2014.
  23. ^ "Andy & Della Russell". imdb.com. Retrieved September 5, 2014.
  24. ^ a b "Singing Couple Gets Divorce". Daytona Beach Morning Journal. February 4, 1954. p. 20. Retrieved September 5, 2014.
  25. ^ a b c Sheinin, David (2006). Argentina and the United States: an alliance contained. University of Georgia Press. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978-0-8203-2809-6. Retrieved 15 January 2011.
  26. ^ Loza, Steven (1993). Barrio Rhythm: Mexican American Music in Los Angeles. University of Illinois Press. p. 280. ISBN 0-252-01902-4.
  27. ^ "Crooner Andy Russell Says He'll Wed Again". The Pittsburgh Press. September 26, 1945. p. 3. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
  28. ^ "Adelina "Della Koenig" Naccarelli De Koenig". Find A Grave. Retrieved 23 June 2014.
  29. ^ "Andy Russell Weds Entertainer". The New York Times. October 24, 1945. p. 27. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
  30. ^ "Andy Russell Weds in Mexico". Traverse City Record-Eagle. July 14, 1954. p. 12. Retrieved June 21, 2014.
  31. ^ "Obituaries, Andy Russell Who Sang 'Besame Mucho'". The Seattle Times. April 17, 1992. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
  32. ^ a b "Andy Russell, 72, Dies; a Singer of Hit Songs". The New York Times. April 18, 1992. Retrieved June 20, 2014.
  33. ^ "Public Rites Set For Singer Andy Russell". The Los Angeles Times. 21 April 1992. Retrieved 23 June 2014.
  34. ^ "Musicians Plan Promotions". Reading Eagle. Reading, PA. May 14, 1978. Retrieved September 5, 2014.
  35. ^ "El Mundo del Artista". El Tiempo (in Spanish). Bogotá, Colombia. August 13, 1975. Retrieved September 5, 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |trans_title= ignored (|trans-title= suggested) (help)
  36. ^ "El Mago de Los Sueños". Wikipedia Español. Retrieved 23 June 2014.

Further reading

  • Loza, Steven (1993). Barrio Rhythm: Mexican American Music in Los Angeles. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-01902-4.
  • Macías, Anthony (2008). Mexican American Mojo: Popular Music, Dance, and Urban Culture in Los Angeles, 1935-1968 (Refiguring American Music). Duke University Press Books. ISBN 978-0822343226
  • Tumpak, John R. (2008). When Swing was the Thing: Personality Profiles of the Big Band Era. Marquette University Press. ISBN 978-0-87462-024-5
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