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| c= 0|m= 31|y= 7|k= 0
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|source=[[Web colors#HTML color names|HTML/CSS]]<ref name="css3-color">{{cite web|url=http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/#html4 |title=W3C TR CSS3 Color Module, HTML4 color keywords |publisher=W3.org |date= |accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref>
}}
'''Pink''' is a mixture of red and white. Commonly used for Valentine's Day and Easter, pink is sometimes referred to as "the color of love." The use of the word for the color known today as pink was first recorded in the late 17th century.<ref>“pink, ''n.''⁵ and ''adj.''²”, [[Oxford English Dictionary]] Online</ref>
Although pink is roughly considered just as a [[tints and shades|tint]] of [[red]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.landscape-guide.com/garden-design-guide/color-in-the-garden/pink-a-tint-of-red.php |title=Pink, a Tint of Red |publisher=Landscape-guide.com |date= |accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.enchantedlearning.com/crafts/Colormixing.shtml |title=For example, pink is a tint of red |publisher=Enchantedlearning.com |date= |accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref> in fact most [[variations of pink]] lie between red, white and [[magenta]] colors. This means that the pink's [[hue]] is somewhat between red and magenta.<ref>[http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa358800%28VS.85%29.aspx Colors by Hue] at [[MSDN]]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.adobe.com/devnet/fireworks/articles/style_samples_pt2_06.html |title=Creating Styles in Fireworks |publisher=Adobe.com |date=2009-07-14 |accessdate=2010-09-11 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20080726135944/http://www.adobe.com/devnet/fireworks/articles/style_samples_pt2_06.html |archivedate = July 26, 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Dana Lee Ling |url=http://www.comfsm.fm/~dleeling/cis/x11colors.html |title=x11 Colors in Hue Saturation Luminosity order |publisher=Comfsm.fm |date= |accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imagemagick.org/script/color.php |title=Color Names |publisher=ImageMagick |date=2010-01-02 |accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref>
'''''[[wikt:roseus|Roseus]]''''' is a [[Latin]] word meaning "[[Rose (color)|rosy]]" or "pink." [[Lucretius]] used the word to describe the [[dawn]] in his [[Epic poetry|epic poem]] ''[[On the Nature of Things]]'' (''De Rerum Natura'').<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ablemedia.com/ctcweb/glossary/glossaryr.html |title=CTCWeb Glossary: R (ratis to ruta) |publisher=Ablemedia.com |date= |accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref> The word is also used in the [[Binomial nomenclature|binomial names]] of several [[species]], such as the [[Rosy Starling]] (''Sturnus roseus'') and ''[[Catharanthus roseus]]''. In most [[Indo-European languages]], the color pink is called ''rosa''. In [[Persian language|Persian]], it is called "صورتي", meaning "Color of the face", and in [[Arabic]], it is called "وردي".
==Etymology==
The color pink is named after the flowers called [[Dianthus|pinks]], [[flowering plant]]s in the genus ''[[Dianthus]].'' The name derives from the frilled edge of the flowers—the [[verb]] "to pink" dates from the 14th century and means "to decorate with a perforated or punched pattern" (possibly from German "pinken" = to peck).<ref>Collins Dictionary</ref> As noted and referenced above, the word “pink” was first used as a noun to refer to the color known today as pink in the 17th century. The verb sense of the word “pink” continues to be used today in the name of the hand tool known as [[pinking shears]].
==Pinke==
{{Main|Pinke (color)}}
In the 17th century, the word ''pink'' or ''pinke'' was also used to describe a yellowish pigment, which was mixed with blue colors to yield greenish colors. Thomas Jenner's ''A Book of Drawing, Limning, Washing'' (1652) categorizes "Pink & [[Blue|blew]] [[bice]]" amongst the [[green]]s (p. 38),<ref>{{cite book|last=Jenner|first=Thomas |title=A Book of Drawing, Limning, Washing|publisher=M. Simmons |location=London |year=1652 |page=38 |url=http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/webbin/book/lookupid?key=olbp20532}}</ref> and specifies several admixtures of greenish colors made with pink—e.g. "Grasse-green is made of Pink and Bice, it is shadowed with [[Indigo]] and Pink ... French-green of Pink and Indico [shadowed with] Indico" (pp. 38–40). In [[William Salmon]]'s ''Polygraphice'' (1673), "Pink yellow" is mentioned amongst the chief [[yellow]] pigments (p. 96), and the reader is instructed to mix it with either [[Saffron (color)|Saffron]] or [[Venetian ceruse|Ceruse]] for "sad" or "light" shades thereof, respectively (p. 98).
==In gender==
[[File:Pink knitting in front of pink sweatshirt.JPG|thumb|A person in a pink [[sweatshirt]] knitting a pink [[scarf]].]]
* In Western culture, the practice of assigning pink to an individual gender began in the 1920s<ref>{{cite book | last = Zucker, Kenneth J. and Bradley, Susan J. | first = | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Gender Identity Disorder and Psychosexual Problems in Children and Adolescents | publisher = Guilford Press | year = 1995 | location = | page = 203 | url = http://books.google.com/books?id=atfTHGjjVeIC&pg=PA203&vq=pink+or+blue&sig=9wAt47m2KdAGR6QQ7BOwIkMa_-E | doi = | id = | isbn = 0898622662}}</ref> or earlier.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2007/aug/25/genderissues | title = Bad Science | author = Ben Goldacre | work = Out of the Blue and into the Pink| year = 2007}}</ref> An article in the trade publication ''Earnshaw's Infants' Department'' in June 1918 said: "The generally accepted rule is pink for the boys, and blue for the girls. The reason is that pink, being a more decided and stronger color, is more suitable for the boy, while blue, which is more delicate and dainty, is prettier for the girl."<ref>Smithsonian.com: [http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/When-Did-Girls-Start-Wearing-Pink.html Jeanne Maglaty, "When Did Girls Start Wearing Pink?," April 8, 2011], accessed June 4, 2011</ref> From then until the 1940s, pink was considered appropriate for boys because being related to red it was the more masculine and decided color, while blue was considered appropriate for girls because it was the more delicate and dainty color, or related to the [[Virgin Mary]].<ref>[[Daphne Merkin|Merkin, Daphne]]. [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/12/style/tmagazine/t_m_1180_1182_devendra_.html "Gender Trouble"], ''The New York Times Style Magazine'', March 12, 2006. Retrieved 10 December 2007.</ref><ref>[[Peggy Orenstein|Orenstein, Peggy]]. [http://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/24/magazine/24princess.t.html?pagewanted=all "What's Wrong With Cinderella?"], ''[[The New York Times Magazine]]'', December 24, 2006, retrieved December 10, 2007. Orenstein writes: "When colors were first introduced to the nursery in the early part of the 20th century, pink was considered the more masculine hue, a pastel version of red. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, was thought to be dainty. Why or when that switched is not clear, but as late as the 1930s a significant percentage of adults in one national survey held to that split."</ref><ref>
| title = Pink is for Boys: cultural history of the color pink
| author = Jude Stewart
| work = Step Inside Design Magazine
| year = 2008
}}</ref> Since the 1940s, the societal norm was inverted; pink became considered appropriate for girls and [[Baby blue|blue]] appropriate for boys, a practice that has continued into the 21st century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.springerlink.com/content/w77382423043083r/ |title=Journal Article |publisher=SpringerLink |date= |accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref>
* Some feminists have sought to 'reclaim' the color pink. For example, the Swedish feminist party [[Feminist Initiative (Sweden)|Feminist Initiative]] and the American activist women's group [[Code Pink|Code Pink: Women for Peace]] use pink as their color.
* The [[pink ribbon]] is the international symbol of [[breast cancer]] awareness. Pink was chosen partially because it is so strongly associated with femininity.<ref>[http://www.thinkbeforeyoupink.org/Pages/PrettyInPink.html Pink Ribbon for Breast Cancer Awareness:]{{dead link|date=September 2010}}</ref>
*It has been suggested that females prefer pink because of a preference for reddish things like ripe fruits and healthy faces,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn12512-women-may-be-hardwired-to-prefer-pink.html |title=Women may be hardwired to prefer pink – being-human – 20 August 2007 |publisher=New Scientist |date= |accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref> but the associated study has been criticized as "bad science".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.badscience.net/2007/08/pink-pink-pink-pink-pink-moan/|title=Pink, pink, pink, pink. Pink moan – Ben Goldacre – 25 August 2007 |publisher=www.badscience.net |date= |accessdate=2010-09-22}}</ref>
* The phrase "[[pink-collar worker]]" refers, in the West, to persons working in fields or jobs conventionally regarded as "[[women's work]]".
==In sexuality==
* Whereas [[Jewish]] [[people]] were forced to wear a [[Nazi concentration camp badges|yellow star of David]] under [[Nazi]] rule, and [[Roma (Romani subgroup)|Roma people]] were forced to wear a [[Black triangle (badge)|black triangle]], men imprisoned on accusations of [[homosexuality]] or same-sex sexual activity were forced to wear a [[pink triangle]]. Nowadays, a pink triangle (sometimes pointing up, contrary to Nazi usage) is often worn with [[gay pride parades|pride]].<ref>''The Pink Triangle: The Nazi War Against Homosexuals'' (1986) by Richard Plant (New Republic Books). ISBN 0-8050-0600-1.</ref>
* A [[Netherlands|Dutch]] newsgroup about homosexuality is called ''nl.roze'' (''roze'' being the Dutch word for pink), while in [[UK|Britain]], [[Pink News]] is a leading gay newspaper and online news service. There is a magazine called ''Pink'' for the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transsexual (LGBT) community which has different editions for various [[metropolitan area]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinkmag.com/sanfrancisco.html |title=Website of Pink magazine: |publisher=Pinkmag.com |date= |accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref> In France [[Pink TV]] is an LGBT cable channel.
* In business, ''the pink pound'' or ''pink dollar'' refers to the spending power of the LGBT community.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.securian.com/pdf/Opportunities2005.pdf |title=Opportunities in the Pink Economy of the United Kingdom |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2010-09-11}} {{Dead link|date=November 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> [[Advertising|Advertising agencies]] sometimes call the gay market the ''pink economy''.
* Though long discontinued, the now mainstream gay-oriented magazine [[The Advocate]] for many years of its early history featured a sometimes sizable section of personal ads and mostly sexually-oriented ads printed on pink paper and referred to as "the pink pages." As the gay rights movement gained increased mainstream momentum and public acceptance, and as the magazine itself became less underground and was distributed more widely on newsstands in "middle America," the publishers made the section more easily removable for those who preferred not to view/keep it with the main body of the magazine, and The Advocate eventually ceased to include the "pink pages" at all.
* In [[Japan]] the color [[Variations of pink#Cherry blossom pink|cherry blossom pink]] is associated with the [[vagina]], and therefore, in Japan, [[softcore]] [[pornographic films]] are called [[Pink film|pink movies]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Weisser|first=Thomas|coauthors=Yuko Mihara Weisser|title=Japanese Cinema Encyclopedia: The Sex Films|year=1998|publisher=Vital Books : Asian Cult Cinema Publications|location=Miami|isbn=1-889288-52-7|page=20}}</ref>
==In nature==
===Plants===
* [[Cherry blossom]]s only have a pink color when they bloom in the springtime.
===Animals===
====Reptiles====
* The [[Pink Iguana|pink iguana]] is an [[iguana]] that was first identified in 1986 and first recognized as a distinct [[species]] in 2009.
====Birds====
* Most [[flamingo]] species are pink in color due to pink pigments in their diet.
====Mammals====
* Many [[pig]]s are colored pink.
* The so-called "[[White elephant (pachyderm)|white elephant]]" is revered in several countries in [[Southeast Asia]] and is naturally pink.
* The [[Pink Dolphin]] is a freshwater [[river dolphin]] endemic to the [[Orinoco]], [[Amazon River|Amazon]] and [[Araguaia]]/[[Tocantins River]] systems of [[Brazil]], [[Bolivia]], [[Peru]], [[Ecuador]], [[Colombia]] and [[Venezuela]]. It is an [[endangered species]] and has a brain 40% larger than a human's.
==In art==
* [[File:DebrettevillePink.jpg|thumb|right]] In 1973, [[Sheila Levrant de Bretteville]] created "Pink," a broadside meant to explore the notions of gender as associated with the color pink, for an American Institute of Graphic Arts exhibition about color. This was the only entry about the color pink. Various women including many in the Feminist Studio Workshop at the [[Woman's Building]] submitted entries exploring their association with the color. De Bretteville arranged the squares of paper to form a “quilt” from which posters were printed and disseminated throughout Los Angeles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moca.org/wack/?p=276 |title=WACK! Exhibition, podcast interview with de Bretteville |publisher=MOCA.org |date=1940-11-04 |accessdate=2010-09-27}}</ref> She was often called "Pinky" as a result.
* In 1993, artist Gioia Fonda created a conceptual piece in the form of a week long holiday called ''pink week.'' The intention of pink week is to liberate the color pink from all dogma and simply celebrate the color pink as a color.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinkweek.org |title=Pink Week-when Pink means Pink: |publisher=Pinkweek.org |date= |accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref>
* ''Bubblegum Pink'' is an installation by the artist duo Bigert & Bergstrom which "confronted [the viewer] with three different mental climates" <ref>{{cite book | last = Nemitz | first = Barbara | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Pink The Exposed Color in Contemporary Art and Culture | publisher = Hatje Cantz | date = | location = | page = 88 | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = }}</ref> involving large amounts of pink. This mirrors the use of the color in American prisons to calm aggressive prisoners. It features a pink cell and a carpet worn by repetitive pacing.<ref>{{cite book | last = Nemitz | first = Barbara | title = Pink The Exposed Color in Contemporary Art and Culture | publisher = Hatje Cantz | page = 88 }}</ref>
* [[Christo and Jeanne-Claude]]'s ''Surrounded Islands'' wrapped wooded islands in Miami's [[Biscayne Bay]] with {{convert|6500000|sqft|m2}} of bright pink fabric.<ref>{{cite news | first=Walter | last=Goodman | title=Film: Christo, in 'Islands' | date=1987-10-16 | url =http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DEEDD133EF935A25753C1A961948260 | work =The New York Times | accessdate = 2007-10-05 }}</ref> Thomas von Taschitzki has said that "the monochrome pink wrappings"..."form a counterpoint to the small green wooded islands." <ref>{{cite book | last = Nemitz | first = Barbara | authorlink = | coauthors = | title = Pink The Exposed Color in Contemporary Art and Culture | publisher = Hatje Cantz | date = | location = | page = 68 | url = | doi = | id = | isbn = }}</ref>
* Many of Franz West's [[aluminium]] sculptures were often painted a bright pink, for example ''Sexualitatssymbol (Symbol of Sexuality).'' West has said that the pink was intended as an "outcry to nature".<ref>{{cite book | last = Nemitz | first = Barbara | title = Pink The Exposed Color in Contemporary Art and Culture | publisher = Hatje Cantz | page = 69 }}</ref>
* In the [[France|French]] [[academic dress|academic dress system]], the five traditional fields of study (Arts, Science, Medicine, Law and Divinity) are each symbolized by a distinctive color, which appears in the [[academic dress]] of the people who graduated in this field. Redcurrant, an extremely red shade of pink, is the distinctive color for Medicine (and other health-related fields) [[:fr:Groseille (couleur)]].
* In Ireland, [http://irishpinkadoptions.com Support group for Irish ''Pink'' Adoptions] defines a ''pink'' family as a relatively neutral umbrella term for the single gay men, single lesbians, or same-gender couples who intend to adopt, are in the process of adopting, or have adopted. It also covers adults born/raised in such families. The group welcome the input of other people touched by adoption, especially people who were adopted as children and are now adults.
* [[Seeing pink elephants]] is a [[euphemism]] for [[hallucination]]s caused by [[delirium tremens]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000766.htm |title=Medline Encyclopedia: Delirium Tremens |publisher=Nlm.nih.gov |date= |accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref> The concept was used in the Disney's animated film ''[[Dumbo]]'' when the title character accidentally becomes drunk and sees a parade of pink elephants.
* A ''pink lady'' is an alcoholic beverage made with [[gin]] and [[grenadine syrup]] and may include other ingredients.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://supercocktails.com/690/Pink-Lady |title=Pink Lady Drink Recipe – How to make a Pink Lady cocktail |publisher=Supercocktails.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-16}}</ref> A ''pink squirrel'' is made of white [[creme de cacao]], creme de noyaux and cream.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drinksmixer.com/drink5920.html |title=Pink Squirrel recipe |publisher=Drinksmixer.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-16}}</ref>
* In the 19th and early 20th century, pink was the traditional color used in [[cartography]] to represent the [[British Empire]].<ref>[http://www.nmm.ac.uk/explore/sea-and-ships/facts/faqs/general/why-is-the-british-empire-coloured-pink-on-maps Why is the British Empire colored pink on maps?:]</ref>
* [[Mary Kay]] in 1968, Mary Kay Ash, purchased the first Pink Cadillac, which eventually became the trademark of her company.
* [[Pink Money]] refers to the financial power of the [[LGBT]] community.
* When one gets [[laid off]] or [[Involuntary termination of employment|fired]] from one's [[Job (role)|job]], in the [[United States]], it is called ''getting a [[Pink slip (employment)|pink slip]]''.
* The [[The Pink Panther (character)|Pink Panther]] is a popular [[cartoon]] character.
* In [[Power Rangers]] and their Japanese origins [[Super Sentai]] the Pink Rangers are always female and there was never a male Pink Ranger on the show. The first Pink Ranger, [[Kimberly Hart]], became an icon during the first season of the show.
* ''[[Pink Cadillac (film)|Pink Cadillac]]'' was a 1989 movie starring Clint Eastwood.
* The color pink is often used to represent [[women]] or young girls. (See discussion above in section on ''Pink in gender and sexuality''.).
*[[Jaipur]] is known as the ''Pink City'' for its many colored buildings.<ref>http://www.bnl.gov/rhic/news/031108/story1.asp</ref>
* [http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/in-the-pink.html '''In the pink'''] is an English [[idiomatic expression]] for ''in good condition'' or ''in good [[health]]''.
*Pink is the official color for [[Breast Cancer]] awareness.
* In [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Italian language|Italian]], a "pink novel" (''novela rosa'' in Spanish, ''romanzo rosa'' in Italian) is a [[Sentimentality|sentimental]] novel marketed to women.
* In [[Nazi Germany]], in the [[Wehrmacht]], the [[panzer division]]s used pink [[military flag]]s.<ref>[http://www.loeser.us/flags/images/nadap/german_army/standard_for_armored_units.png Image of typical Panzer Division standard:]</ref><ref>[http://www.loeser.us/flags/nsdap.html Flags of the Third Reich—see under Herman Goering Panzer Division Flag:]</ref><ref>Davis, Brian L. ''Flags of the Third Reich'' Oxford, U.K.:2000 Osprey Publishing Page 31 Panzer Division Standard is shown as being colored pink</ref>
*[[Pink (singer)|Pink]] is an [[United States|American]] singer-songwriter whose real name is [[Alecia Moore]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pinkspage.com/ |title=Official site of singer Pink: |publisher=Pinkspage.com |date= |accessdate=2010-09-11}}</ref>
* "[[Pink (song)|Pink]]" is a song by [[Aerosmith]].
* Pink, being a 'watered-down' red, is sometimes used in a derogatory way to describe a person with mild [[communism|communist]] or [[socialism|socialist]] beliefs (see [[Pinko]]).
[[File:Casa Rosada - Argentine version of the White House.jpg|thumb|The ''[[Casa Rosada]]'' (Pink House), [[Buenos Aires]]. The official seat of the executive branch of the government of [[Argentina]]]]
* The [[Casa Rosada|Pink House]] ({{lang-es|Casa Rosada}}) is the official seat of the executive branch of the government of [[Argentina]].
* [[Code Pink]] is an [[anti-war]] organization co-founded in 2002 by anti-[[corporation|corporate]] [[globalization]] activist [[Medea Benjamin]] of the [[NGO]] [[Global Exchange]] in [[San Francisco]].<ref>[http://www.globalexchange.org/war_peace_democracy/codepink/ Code Pink: Women for Peace] on the site of [[Global Exchange]]. Retrieved 31 January 2007.</ref>
* The term ''[[pink revolution]]'' may be used to refer to the overthrow of President [[Askar Akayev]] and his government in the [[Central Asian]] republic of [[Kyrgyzstan]] after the [[Kyrgyz parliamentary elections, 2005|parliamentary elections]] of February 27 and of March 13, 2005, although it is more commonly called the ''[[tulip revolution]]''.
* In [[Catholicism]], pink (called [[rose (color)|rose]] by the Catholic Church) symbolizes joy and happiness. It is used for the Third Sunday of [[Advent]] and the Fourth Sunday of [[Lent]] (see [[Laetare Sunday]]) to mark the halfway point in these seasons of penance. For this reason, one of the candles in an [[Advent wreath]] may be pink, rather than purple. However, in some Protestant denominations, the pink candle is sometimes lit on the Fourth Sunday of [[Advent]], sometimes known as the Sunday of Love{{Citation needed|date=April 2009}}.
* The [[Invisible Pink Unicorn]] is the [[goddess]] of a [[parody religion]], a [[rhetoric]]al tool intended to [[satire|satirize]] the contradictory properties often attributed to [[deity|deities]].
* [[Pink noise]] ({{Audio|Pink noise.ogg|sample}}), also known as 1/f noise, is a signal or process with a frequency spectrum such that the power spectral density is proportional to the reciprocal of the frequency.
* The leader in the [[Giro d'Italia]] [[road bicycle racing|cycle race]] wears a pink jersey (''maglia rosa''); this reflects the distinctive pink-colored newsprint of the sponsoring [[Italy|Italian]] ''[[La Gazzetta dello Sport]]'' [[newspaper]].
[[File:Pink Delta 767-400ER N845MH.jpg|right|thumb|[[Delta Air Lines]]' Pink [[Breast Cancer Research Foundation]] [[Boeing 767-400ER]] ]]
==See also==
* [[Fuchsia (color)]] Fuchsia Pink
* [[List of colors]]
* [[Pink Panther]]
* [[Rose (color)]]
* [[Variations of pink]]
==References==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}
==External links==
{{Wiktionary|in the pink}}
* [http://irishpinkadoptions.com Support group for Irish ''Pink'' Adoptions]
Pink is a mixture of red and white. Commonly used for Valentine's Day and Easter, pink is sometimes referred to as "the color of love." The use of the word for the color known today as pink was first recorded in the late 17th century.[2]
Although pink is roughly considered just as a tint of red,[3][4] in fact most variations of pink lie between red, white and magenta colors. This means that the pink's hue is somewhat between red and magenta.[5][6][7][8]
The color pink is named after the flowers called pinks, flowering plants in the genus Dianthus. The name derives from the frilled edge of the flowers—the verb "to pink" dates from the 14th century and means "to decorate with a perforated or punched pattern" (possibly from German "pinken" = to peck).[10] As noted and referenced above, the word “pink” was first used as a noun to refer to the color known today as pink in the 17th century. The verb sense of the word “pink” continues to be used today in the name of the hand tool known as pinking shears.
In the 17th century, the word pink or pinke was also used to describe a yellowish pigment, which was mixed with blue colors to yield greenish colors. Thomas Jenner's A Book of Drawing, Limning, Washing (1652) categorizes "Pink & blewbice" amongst the greens (p. 38),[11] and specifies several admixtures of greenish colors made with pink—e.g. "Grasse-green is made of Pink and Bice, it is shadowed with Indigo and Pink ... French-green of Pink and Indico [shadowed with] Indico" (pp. 38–40). In William Salmon's Polygraphice (1673), "Pink yellow" is mentioned amongst the chief yellow pigments (p. 96), and the reader is instructed to mix it with either Saffron or Ceruse for "sad" or "light" shades thereof, respectively (p. 98).
In Western culture, the practice of assigning pink to an individual gender began in the 1920s[12] or earlier.[13] An article in the trade publication Earnshaw's Infants' Department in June 1918 said: "The generally accepted rule is pink for the boys, and blue for the girls. The reason is that pink, being a more decided and stronger color, is more suitable for the boy, while blue, which is more delicate and dainty, is prettier for the girl."[14] From then until the 1940s, pink was considered appropriate for boys because being related to red it was the more masculine and decided color, while blue was considered appropriate for girls because it was the more delicate and dainty color, or related to the Virgin Mary.[15][16][17] Since the 1940s, the societal norm was inverted; pink became considered appropriate for girls and blue appropriate for boys, a practice that has continued into the 21st century.[18]
Some feminists have sought to 'reclaim' the color pink. For example, the Swedish feminist party Feminist Initiative and the American activist women's group Code Pink: Women for Peace use pink as their color.
The pink ribbon is the international symbol of breast cancer awareness. Pink was chosen partially because it is so strongly associated with femininity.[19]
It has been suggested that females prefer pink because of a preference for reddish things like ripe fruits and healthy faces,[20] but the associated study has been criticized as "bad science".[21]
The phrase "pink-collar worker" refers, in the West, to persons working in fields or jobs conventionally regarded as "women's work".
A Dutch newsgroup about homosexuality is called nl.roze (roze being the Dutch word for pink), while in Britain, Pink News is a leading gay newspaper and online news service. There is a magazine called Pink for the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transsexual (LGBT) community which has different editions for various metropolitan areas.[23] In France Pink TV is an LGBT cable channel.
In business, the pink pound or pink dollar refers to the spending power of the LGBT community.[24]Advertising agencies sometimes call the gay market the pink economy.
Though long discontinued, the now mainstream gay-oriented magazine The Advocate for many years of its early history featured a sometimes sizable section of personal ads and mostly sexually-oriented ads printed on pink paper and referred to as "the pink pages." As the gay rights movement gained increased mainstream momentum and public acceptance, and as the magazine itself became less underground and was distributed more widely on newsstands in "middle America," the publishers made the section more easily removable for those who preferred not to view/keep it with the main body of the magazine, and The Advocate eventually ceased to include the "pink pages" at all.
In 1973, Sheila Levrant de Bretteville created "Pink," a broadside meant to explore the notions of gender as associated with the color pink, for an American Institute of Graphic Arts exhibition about color. This was the only entry about the color pink. Various women including many in the Feminist Studio Workshop at the Woman's Building submitted entries exploring their association with the color. De Bretteville arranged the squares of paper to form a “quilt” from which posters were printed and disseminated throughout Los Angeles.[26] She was often called "Pinky" as a result.
In 1993, artist Gioia Fonda created a conceptual piece in the form of a week long holiday called pink week. The intention of pink week is to liberate the color pink from all dogma and simply celebrate the color pink as a color.[27]
Bubblegum Pink is an installation by the artist duo Bigert & Bergstrom which "confronted [the viewer] with three different mental climates" [28] involving large amounts of pink. This mirrors the use of the color in American prisons to calm aggressive prisoners. It features a pink cell and a carpet worn by repetitive pacing.[29]
Christo and Jeanne-Claude's Surrounded Islands wrapped wooded islands in Miami's Biscayne Bay with 6,500,000 square feet (600,000 m2) of bright pink fabric.[30] Thomas von Taschitzki has said that "the monochrome pink wrappings"..."form a counterpoint to the small green wooded islands." [31]
Many of Franz West's aluminium sculptures were often painted a bright pink, for example Sexualitatssymbol (Symbol of Sexuality). West has said that the pink was intended as an "outcry to nature".[32]
In the Frenchacademic dress system, the five traditional fields of study (Arts, Science, Medicine, Law and Divinity) are each symbolized by a distinctive color, which appears in the academic dress of the people who graduated in this field. Redcurrant, an extremely red shade of pink, is the distinctive color for Medicine (and other health-related fields) fr:Groseille (couleur).
In Ireland, Support group for Irish Pink Adoptions defines a pink family as a relatively neutral umbrella term for the single gay men, single lesbians, or same-gender couples who intend to adopt, are in the process of adopting, or have adopted. It also covers adults born/raised in such families. The group welcome the input of other people touched by adoption, especially people who were adopted as children and are now adults.
A pink lady is an alcoholic beverage made with gin and grenadine syrup and may include other ingredients.[34] A pink squirrel is made of white creme de cacao, creme de noyaux and cream.[35]
In the 19th and early 20th century, pink was the traditional color used in cartography to represent the British Empire.[36]
Mary Kay in 1968, Mary Kay Ash, purchased the first Pink Cadillac, which eventually became the trademark of her company.
Pink Money refers to the financial power of the LGBT community.
In Power Rangers and their Japanese origins Super Sentai the Pink Rangers are always female and there was never a male Pink Ranger on the show. The first Pink Ranger, Kimberly Hart, became an icon during the first season of the show.
Pink Cadillac was a 1989 movie starring Clint Eastwood.
The color pink is often used to represent women or young girls. (See discussion above in section on Pink in gender and sexuality.).
Jaipur is known as the Pink City for its many colored buildings.[37]
In Catholicism, pink (called rose by the Catholic Church) symbolizes joy and happiness. It is used for the Third Sunday of Advent and the Fourth Sunday of Lent (see Laetare Sunday) to mark the halfway point in these seasons of penance. For this reason, one of the candles in an Advent wreath may be pink, rather than purple. However, in some Protestant denominations, the pink candle is sometimes lit on the Fourth Sunday of Advent, sometimes known as the Sunday of Love[citation needed].
Pink noise (sampleⓘ), also known as 1/f noise, is a signal or process with a frequency spectrum such that the power spectral density is proportional to the reciprocal of the frequency.
^Orenstein, Peggy. "What's Wrong With Cinderella?", The New York Times Magazine, December 24, 2006, retrieved December 10, 2007. Orenstein writes: "When colors were first introduced to the nursery in the early part of the 20th century, pink was considered the more masculine hue, a pastel version of red. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, was thought to be dainty. Why or when that switched is not clear, but as late as the 1930s a significant percentage of adults in one national survey held to that split."
^Weisser, Thomas (1998). Japanese Cinema Encyclopedia: The Sex Films. Miami: Vital Books : Asian Cult Cinema Publications. p. 20. ISBN1-889288-52-7. {{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)
^Nemitz, Barbara. Pink The Exposed Color in Contemporary Art and Culture. Hatje Cantz. p. 88. {{cite book}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= (help)
^Nemitz, Barbara. Pink The Exposed Color in Contemporary Art and Culture. Hatje Cantz. p. 88.
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^Nemitz, Barbara. Pink The Exposed Color in Contemporary Art and Culture. Hatje Cantz. p. 69.
Color coordinates
