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11th millennium BC

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by FerdinandLovesLegos (talk | contribs) at 21:52, 23 February 2023 (Added a reply.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

  • Comment: What is "Tower 5" and does it really belong in the geology section? Some context, please. Deb (talk) 08:47, 23 February 2023 (UTC)
  • Comment: I don't know why they named it "Tower 5". To be honest, I just put it in the Geology section because it does not talk about Human Culture. I added a sentence talking about Tower 5, but that is all I can find about that for now. Thanks for asking! FerdinandLovesLegos (talk) 21:52, 23 February 2023 (UTC)
  • Comment: I noticed that the doi does not mention the sentence, but the other link does mention it if you scroll down or download it as a pdf. So far I seen that a Masseboth is from Islam, but that is from a different page though, and I don't know if that is where they first found Masseboths. I will keep an eye on it to see if it's actually reliable. Thanks for letting me know! FerdinandLovesLegos (talk) 21:41, 18 February 2023 (UTC)
  • Comment: It's unclear what is meant by "In the desert, a masseboth first appeared during this millennium." Do you mean "The earliest known masseboth was constructed... "? Which desert? I looked at your source and could not tell exactly where you got this information. Deb (talk) 20:57, 18 February 2023 (UTC)
Millennia:
Centuries:
  • 110th century BC
  • 109th century BC
  • 108th century BC
  • 107th century BC
  • 106th century BC
  • 105th century BC
  • 104th century BC
  • 103rd century BC
  • 102nd century BC
  • 101st century BC
The Stone Age
↑ before Homo (Pliocene)

Paleolithic

Lower Paleolithic
Early Stone Age
Homo
Control of fire
Stone tools
Middle Paleolithic
Middle Stone Age
Homo neanderthalensis
Homo sapiens
Recent African origin of modern humans
Upper Paleolithic
Later Stone Age
Behavioral modernity, Atlatl,
Origin of the domestic dog

Epipalaeolithic

Natufian

Mesolithic

Microliths, Bow and Arrows, Canoes
Tahunian
Heavy Neolithic
Shepherd Neolithic
Trihedral Neolithic
Pre-Pottery Neolithic

Neolithic

Neolithic Revolution
Domestication
Khiamian culture
Pottery Neolithic
Pottery
↓ Chalcolithic

The 11th millennium BC spanned the years 11,000 BC to 10,001 BC (c. 13 ka to c. 12 ka). This millennium is during the Upper Paleolithic period. It is impossible to precisely date events that happened during this millennium, and all dates associated with this millennium are estimates mostly based on geological analysis, anthropological analysis, and radiometric dating.

Geology

The faunal information from stratum 2 at Aetokremnos shows a familiarity with molluscs, sea birds, and reptiles, indicating that such animals were indigenous to the island in this millennium.[1] It solidly establishes a human presence on Cyprus, making it one of the oldest inhabited Mediterranean islands during this millennium.[2] Current evidence from the Mediterranean islands indicates that seasonal exploitation and occupation may have occurred as early as this millennium.[3]

There was a Katla eruption that produced pumice which probably happened between about the 11th millennium BC and the late 8th millennium BC.[4] The geochemistry of Katla and the archaeological pumice is also similar to that of the Vedde Ash, which was deposited in north-western Europe during this millennium.[5] The nearest dated Paleoindian component is the Hiscock site, near Tonawanda, New York, in the present-day United States, dated to this millennium.[6]

The largest central European volcanic event of the Late Pleistocene is estimated to have occurred in approximately 10,900 BC at the Laacher See in Germany.[7]

In some locations in Europe, obsidian suddenly appeared in deposits in this millennium, though the earliest artefacts made of obsidian date from a much later period.[8] In the Aegean sea, the earliest evidence of Melian obsidian comes from Franchthi Cave, in late Upper Paleolithic levels during this millennium.[9]

Abu Hureyra was settled during this millennium, as evidenced by numerous pits and post- holes.[10] Settlement at Mureybet began at the end of the Natufian period, around the end of this millennium.[10]

Ridges of Aeolian sand had formed over some earth deposits on the eastern side of the Vale of York at the foot of the Wolds.[11] It was recorded in a test-pit at Low Grange Farm, Shiptonthorpe, and dated to 11,873-11,216 BC.[11]

There is material evidence for the build up of Mare Nostrum that is pointing to such activity as early as the 12-11th millennium BC.[12]

According to radiocarbon dating, Tower 5 is the fifth oldest tower in the world during this millennium.[13] Tower 5 may be a shrine and/or "common house".[14]

Human culture

Early coastal foragers were present at Aetokremnos on Cyprus, which suggests that the Eastern Mediterranean had marine technology during this millennium.[15] The first inhabitants were discovered on the eastern shore of the Baltic sea in this millennium.[16] There were inhabitants in the Franchthi Cave during this millennium.[17] In the Pre-Neolithic period, there is indirect evidence of seafaring from Franchthi Cave in this millennium.[18] Humans were occupying Guitarrero Cave and the shelter of Pachamachay during this millennium.[19]

The Clovis culture was present in the Americas during the 11th millennium.[citation needed] Under the Clovis first theory, it was believed that they became the first culture to populate the Americas in this millennium.[citation needed] There was a recent discovery of earlier cultures that were before the Clovis culture.[20]

The earliest known masseboth was constructed during this millennium.[21]

The world's earliest known pottery, from Japan, dates to this millennium.[22]

Notes

  1. ^ McCartney et al. 2010, p. 137.
  2. ^ Simmons 2007, p. 15.
  3. ^ Knapp 2008, p. 21.
  4. ^ (Wickham-Jones et al. 2004, p. 47)
  5. ^ (Wickham-Jones et al. 2004, p. 48)
  6. ^ Abel 2004, p. 5.
  7. ^ Reinig et al. 2020, p. 1.
  8. ^ Hale 2006, p. 31.
  9. ^ Dogan 2008, p. 28.
  10. ^ a b Hughes 2007, p. 5.
  11. ^ a b Halkon & Elizabeth 2009, p. 6.
  12. ^ Bechtold & Mussak 2009, p. 3.
  13. ^ Mazurowski 2010, p. 584.
  14. ^ Mazurowski 2010, p. 572.
  15. ^ McCartney et al. 2010, p. 135.
  16. ^ Janužytė 2005, p. 11.
  17. ^ Hale 2006, p. 21.
  18. ^ Forenbaher & Miracle 2006, p. 96.
  19. ^ Canales 2009, p. 530.
  20. ^ Gruhn 2020.
  21. ^ Avner 2006, p. 6.
  22. ^ Hornsey 2007, p. 12.

Bibliography

Books

  • McCartney, Carole; Manning, Sturt W.; Sewell, David; Stewart, Sarah T. (2010). "13". In Finlayson, Bill; Warren, Graeme (eds.). Landscapes in transition. Oxford: Oxbow Books. pp. 133–146. ISBN 9781842174166. Retrieved 11 February 2023.
  • Janužytė, Audronė (May 28, 2005). Historians as Nation State-builders (PDF). Tampere University Press. p. 11. ISBN 9789514463129. Retrieved 16 February 2023.
  • Hale, John R. (2006). Classical Archaeology of Ancient Greece and Rome (PDF). Teaching Company, LLC. pp. 21, 31. ISBN 9781598032147. Retrieved February 16, 2023.
  • Hornsey, Ian Spencer (2007). The Chemistry and Biology of Winemaking. Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 12. ISBN 9780854042661. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  • Knapp, A. Bernard (21 February 2008). Prehistoric and Protohistoric Cyprus: Identity, Insularity, and Connectivity. OUP Oxford. p. 21. ISBN 9780191528699. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  • Bechtold, Thomas; Mussak, Rita (April 6, 2009). Handbook of Natural Colorants. John Wiley & Sons. p. 3. ISBN 9780470744963. Retrieved 22 February 2023.

Journals

Conference Reports

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